DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, UDAIPUR

SESSION (2020-21)
CHAPTER 11: FORCE AND PRESSURE (NOTES)

Q1. Define force.

Ans. A push or pull acting on an object is known as force.

 Force has direction.

 SI unit of force is Newton.
 CGS unit of force is Dyne.

1 Newton = 105 Dynes

Q2. What are the various effects of force?

Ans. Various effects of force are:
 It may bring an object into motion.
 It may make an object move from rest.
 It may change the direction of motion of an object.
 It may bring about a change in the shape and size of an object.
 It may change the speed of a moving object.

Q3. Name the device used to measure force acting on an object.

Ans. Force acting on an object is measured by using a device spring balance.

Q4. What is Net Force?

Ans. The sum of the forces acting on an object is called its Net Force/Resultant force.
The net force is calculated in the following manner:

 If F1 and F2 are the two forces acting on an object in the same direction. Then ,
Net Force (F) = F1 + F2
 If F1 and F2 are the two forces acting on an object in the opposite directions. Then,
Net Force (F) = F1 – F2, where F1 > F2

Q5. What are Balanced and Unbalanced forces?

Ans. Balanced Forces- Two or more forces that cancel each other’s effect are called balanced forces.
The net force in case of balanced forces is zero.

Unbalanced Forces- Two or more forces acting on an object that do not cancel each other’s effect are called
unbalanced forces. The net force in case of unbalanced forces is not zero.

Q6. Give a broad classification of types of forces with examples of each type.

FORCES
CONTACT NON-CONTACT
Muscular force Magnetic force
Friction Electrostatic force
Mechanical force Gravitational force
CONTACT FORCES - Those forces which require physical contact between two objects to come into action.

 Muscular Force- The force resulting due to the action of muscles is known as muscular force.
Lifting, pushing, pulling etc. shows muscular force.
 Friction- It is an opposing force which opposes the motion when two surfaces are in contact with
one another. Force acting between paper and pencil when we write is an example of this force.
 Mechanical Force- The force applied by a machine is called mechanical force. Force applied by the
motor of a fan is an example of this force.

NON- CONTACT FORCES - Those forces which require physical contact between two objects to come into
action.

 Magnetic Force- The force exerted by a magnet on another magnet or on magnetic material.
Example- A magnet attracts an iron piece.
 Electrostatic force – The force applied by a charged body on another charged or uncharged body is
called electrostatic force. Example- A charged ruler attracts bits of paper.
 Gravitational Force- The force applied by all the objects on each other in the universe.
Example- An apple falls down from a tree under the influence of gravitational force of earth.

Q7. Find the net force acting on the box and the direction in which it will move.

80 N 102 N

25 N

Ans. Net force = F1 +F2 + F3

=(80 + 25) + (-102) N
= 105 -102
=3 N
The box will move in the direction of greater force i.e. towards right hand side.

Q8. Define pressure.

Ans. Force acting on unit area is called pressure.
 SI unit of measuring pressure is Pascal(Pa) or N/m 2
 Pressure= Force
Area

Q9. Define one Pascal.

Ans. When a force of one Newton is applied on an area of one m 2 , the pressure is equal to one Pascal.

 1 Pa = 1 N/ 1 m2

Q10. A box weighs 600 N. Calculate the pressure exerted on an area of 0.4m 2.
Ans. Using Pressure = Force/Area = 600/0.4
= 1500 Pa

Q11. The pressure exerted by a body is 2000 Pa, on an area of 0.02 m 2. Find the force applied on it.
Ans. Using Pressure = Force/Area
Therefore, Force = Pressure × Area
F = 2000 × 0.02
= 40 N

Q12. A solid weighs 300 N. Calculate the pressure exerted by the solid on a surface, if the area of contact
is 200 cm2.
Ans. Given, Force = 300 N, Area = 200 cm 2, Pressure =?
1 cm = 1/100 m
1 cm2 = 1/100 m × 1/100 m
= 1/10000 m2
Therefore, 200 cm2 = 0.02 m2
Now, pressure = Force/ Area= 300/0.02
= 15,000 Pa

Q13. Write an activity to show the pressure in a liquid remains same at the same level. Also draw a neat
diagram to explain.
Ans. AIM: To show liquid exerts equal pressure at the same depth.

PROCEDURE: Take a cylindrical container. Drill holes all around the

container at same distance from the top. Now fill the container with
water.

OBSERVATION: Water coming out of the holes falls at the same

distance.

CONCLUSION: It shows that a liquid exerts equal pressure at the

same depth.

MANOMETER is a device used to measure liquid pressure.

Q14. Write an activity to show that pressure in liquids increases with depth. Also draw a neat diagram to
explain.
Ans. AIM: To show that pressure in liquids increases with depth.

PROCEDURE: In a cylindrical container, drill holes at different heights from the base. Pour water into the
can and observe.

OBSERVATION: Water flowing out from the highest hole hits the ground
at least distance. Water from hole at the bottom hits the ground farthest.
CONCLUSION: Pressure in liquids varies with increasing depth.

Q15. Define atmospheric pressure. Name the device used to measure atmospheric pressure.

Ans. The pressure exerted by air around us is known as atmospheric pressure. It is measured by using a
device known as Barometer. It is measured in terms of cm/mm of mercury column. At sea level, it is 76 cm
of mercury (Hg) . Other units to measure atmospheric pressure is Atmosphere and Bar.

1 Atmosphere = 1.013 x 105 Pa

1 Bar = 105 Pa

Q16. How does atmospheric pressure vary with altitude?

Ans. Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude.

Q17. Describe an activity to show the effect of atmospheric pressure.

Ans. AIM: To show the effect of atmospheric pressure.

MATERIALS REQUIRED: A glass tumbler, a thick cardboard, water etc.

PROCEDURE: Pour water into the glass tumbler. Press a piece of cardboard
firmly over the glass. Holding it at place, turn the glass upside down and
gently move your hand away.

OBSERVATION: The water stays in glass tumbler.

CONCLUSION: The air pressure from below exerts sufficient force to push the cardboard piece upwards.

Q18. Give reasons for the following:

(a) A rubber sucker pressed on the surface sticks.

Ans. When we press rubber sucker, most of the air between the rubber suckers sticks to the ground
because the pressure of atmosphere acts on it. To pull it, the applied force should be enough to overcome
the atmospheric pressure.

(b) Sea divers wear special suit.

Ans. Pressure of water increases with depth so when the sea divers go to the depth of sea it creates an
imbalance in body pressure and pressure exerted by water. Therefore, the special suits help to maintain
balance between the body pressure and the pressure of water.

(c) A porter keeps a round piece of cloth on his head.

Ans. A porter keeps a round piece of cloth on his head which reduces the pressure on his head by
increasing the surface area as we know that pressure is inversely proportional to the area.
 WORKSHEET (SCIENCE)
CLASS- VIII
TOPIC - FORCE AND PRESSURE

Q1. Answer the following in short:

(a) What measures the earth’s gravitational pull on an object? -----------------------------------------------
(b) Which type of force is exerted by a static charge? ----------------------------------------------
(c) Which force tends to slow down moving objects? -------------- -------- ---------------------
(d) What is the force per unit area called? ----------------------------------------------
(e) What do you call the force which can act from a distance? ----------------------------------------------
(f) What is the requirement for a force to come into play? ----------------------------------------------
(g) What happens in tug of war when two teams pull equally hard? -------------------------------------------
(h) What will be the resultant force when two equal forces act in opposite directions on an object?
Q2. Give reasons for the following:
(a) Some people suffer from nose bleeding at higher altitudes.
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(b) Wheels of buses and trucks are broader.
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(c) Buildings and dams are made broader at the base than at the top.
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(d) Dams are constructed with a broad foundation.
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(e) Shoulder bags have broad straps.
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Q3. Which of the following objects exerts the most pressure on the floor? (All objects have the same
mass)

10 cm

15 cm

5 cm 5 cm

10 cm 15 cm

Q4. The pressure exerted by a body is 4400 Pa, on an area of 0.4 m 2. Find the force applied on it.

Q5. A solid weighs 600 N. Calculate the pressure exerted by the solid on a surface, if the area of contact
is 300 cm 2.