Aydid Mohamed Ahmed

MC-1A

Assignment # 3: Robotics

Open Automation Architectures will be Implemented:

Open Process Automation is an initiative to create a new generation of automation
systems with a distinctly different architecture than the Distributed Control Systems
(DCS) and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) that are used today for process
automation. Because automation applications require ultra-high availability and real-
time performance, process automation systems have always been highly proprietary.
This is especially true at the controller and process I/O level, and this makes the
systems very difficult to update or replace for a number of reasons. Advocates of Open
Process Automation hope their work will eventually result in systems that are far easier
to maintain, easier to update, and allow process manufacturers to focus more on
improving their manufacturing processes and less on supporting the systems that
automate them.

Today the Open Process Automation definitional work is being conducted by The Open
Group and by NAMUR, a European industry organization. These groups have pledged
to align their efforts. The Open Group’s Open Process Automation stated their objective
as:

 A standards-based, open, secure, and interoperable process control architecture

that:

 Enables access to leading edge capability

 Allows integration of best-in-class components

 Preserves asset owners' application software; Significantly lowers cost of future

replacement

 Employs an adaptive intrinsic security model

  Promotes innovation and value creation

The industrial internet of things (IIoT)

The industrial internet of things (IIoT) refers to the extension and use of the internet of
things (IoT) in industrial sectors and applications. With a strong focus on machine-to-
machine (M2M) communication, big data, and machine learning, the IIoT enables
industries and enterprises to have better efficiency and reliability in their operations. The
IIoT encompasses industrial applications, including robotics, medical devices, and
software-defined production processes.

The IIoT goes beyond the normal consumer devices and internetworking of physical
devices usually associated with the IoT. What makes it distinct is the intersection of
information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT). OT refers to the
networking of operational processes and industrial control systems (ICSs), including
human machine interfaces (HMIs), supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
systems, distributed control systems (DCSs), and programmable logic controllers
(PLCs).

The convergence of IT and OT provides industries with greater system integration in

terms of automation and optimization, as well as better visibility of the supply chain and
logistics. The monitoring and control of physical infrastructures in industrial operations,
such as in agriculture, healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, and utilities, are made
easier through the use of smart sensors and actuators as well as remote access and
control.

By adopting connected and smart devices, businesses are enabled to gather and
analyze greater amounts of data at greater speeds. Not only will this enhance scalability
and performance, but it can also bridge the gap between the production floors and
general offices. Integration of the IIoT can give industrial entities a more accurate view
of how their operations are moving along and help them make informed business
decisions.
Collaborative Robots will consistent to grow in Popularity

The popularity of Collaborative Robots or we can say Cobots are continuously

increasing day by day. Collaborative robots have countless benefits. They are also
giving multiple benefits like reduced operational cost, safety, increased efficiency,
reduced injuries and increased productivity alongside humans.
As compared to humans, robots complete certain tasks very faster, accurate and work
24*7 without work. Because of all those abilities, their popularity is at an extreme level in
today’s world. A large number of manufacturers are adopting collaborative robots with
precise ROI requirements because of their high ability to perform tough industrial tasks.
Robotic Automation has been a comprehensive technology in the manufacturing sector
but still, it takes a couple of years to transform the industry. Moreover, the above 6
trends will be the undertaken in advance robotics course in the upcoming future of
robotic automation.
The field of collaborative robots is currently the hottest area of interest within the
robotics industry, and with good reason. The notion that humans can now work safely,
side by side with a robot employee is both intriguing and ground-breaking. The recent
interest in this field has paved the way for examining collaborative robot technologies
that exist in the market today. From a business perspective, however, there is still much
to be discovered.
. The Rise Climbing Robot: Body and Leg Design

Climbing on artificial surfaces like on the exterior of buildings, or on natural surfaces

like trees or cave walls, is desirable for applications like search and rescue, recon, etc.,
yet challenging to achieve for robotic devices. Practical utility requires that climbing robots must
deal with different surfaces and geometries, which precludes the use of special purpose
attachment devices like magnets or suction. At the same time, the machines need to
be power autonomous, to avoid the hazard and the limitations of a tether. Climbing robots
need unprecedented reliability: even one misstep in a
thousand can lead to a catastrophic fall.
Previously designed climbing robots have successfully climbed a number of hard, real
world terrains.
In general, however these robots have been designed with a specific subset of terrain
geometries or surface types in mind.
The Lemur robot, which can climb near vertical surfaces in a static fashion with prior
knowledge of adequate holds, is aiming towards space exploration and service.
Rise is unique in comparison to many other successful vertical climbing robots since it has the
ability to adapt to a
large number of surfaces types and geometries. Understanding wall reaction
forces, limb trajectories, and surface
interactions are key to designing a multifunctional platform capable of climbing
difficult terrain without relying on
surface specific mechanisms. Careful selection of leg number, leg compliance and
foot path generation are required.
Climbing hard-smooth surfaces would benefit greatly from integrating advanced
materials (gecko-inspired synthetic dry adhesives) into foot designs and fabricating
them using rapid prototyping technique like shape deposition
manufacturing. In the sequel we discuss the Rise platform as it currently exists and our
approach to these
challenges as inspired and informed by our study of gecko, arthropod, and mammalian
morphologies and behaviors.

Robots and the Workplace of the Future

Automation is changing the way we work and, to an increasing extent, the way we live.
Automation improves productivity and enables companies, and nations, to remain or
become competitive. It enables new business models focused on providing new goods
and services and helps companies improve the efficiency and flexibility of supplying
those goods and services. Economists agree that increased productivity is key to
improving Gross Domestic Product, the value of goods and services produced in a
country, and in turn, jobs and wages. Societies have been automating the process of
making and providing goods and services for centuries, from the plough, to the printing
press, to the steam engine, and these changes have driven increases in per capita
earnings, living standards1 and life expectancy. Each time a new wave of automation
technologies is rolled out, there are fears that swathes of professions will become
extinct with employees unable to find alternative work. In some cases, professions have
indeed become extinct3. In other cases, job profiles adapt – the skills of switchboard
operators and typists were absorbed into the personal assistant profile, for example. In
other cases, automation replaced specific tasks but created greater demand for the job
profile. Cash machines increased the demand for bank tellers and the automation of
98% of the labor involved in weaving cloth led to a four-fold increase in the number of
factory weavers in the 70 years after its introduction.
spiritual essence. However, much of it is economic. Many societies are confronting
increasing income inequality, political polarization and social unrest. Automation makes
an easy scapegoat for concerns about jobs and income security. Furthermore, robots
literally embody our fears about the fragility of our long-uncontested role as overlords of
planet Earth.
No-one can accurately predict today where technology will take us in 50 or 100 years.
What we can say, however, is how automation – and specifically robots - are being
employed today. We can forecast with some degree of accuracy how the ongoing
uptake of robots will affect industries, business models, jobs and workers over the next
10 years.