Senior High School

Media and
Information Literacy
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Media and Information, Then and Now

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Media and Information Literacy – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Media and Information, Then and Now
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

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11

Media and
Information Literacy
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Media and Information, Then and Now

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
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We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

3
 INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE
This module will introduce you to the role that new and converging technologies are
playing in the widening participation of citizens in social, economic and political change. It
explains how new digital and electronic forms of media (online news, blogs, Wikipedia,
YouTube, social networking applications, video gaming, etc.) have evolved from traditional
media and how they are enabling greater access to information and knowledge, Freedom of
expression, good governance and participation in democratic processes.

The co-existence of print media, broadcast media (radio and television), the Internet,
mobile phones, etc. is also allowing media content to flow across various platforms, widening
access to information and creating a participatory culture where citizens not only consume
information, but actively participate in its production and distribution. New information and
communication technologies (ICTs), for example, have opened up opportunities for greater
audience participation in information and knowledge sharing, and are encouraging people to
actively engage in the democratic process, causing more societies to open up.

In effect, new media and converging technologies are creating new spaces for self-
expression and participation in public discourse on a wide range of social, economic and
political issues. New media platforms are allowing citizens to consciously engage in the
democratic process in their societies, and helping to bring global news and issues much closer
to local societies. In this module, you will understand the following lessons:
 Lesson 4 – Evolution of Media
 Lesson 5 – Types of Media
 Lesson 6 – Media and Information Sources

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

For the learners: For the teacher:

To be guided in achieving the objectives
of this module, do the following:
1. Read and follow instructions
carefully.
2. Answer the pretest before going
through the lessons.
3. Take note and record points for
clarification.
4. Compare your answers against
the key to answers found at the
end of the module.
5. Do the activities and fully
understand each lesson.
6. Answer the self-check to monitor
what you learned in each lesson.
7. Answer the posttest after you
have gone over all the lessons.
To facilitate and ensure the students’
learning from this module, you are
encouraged to do the following:
1. Clearly communicate learning
competencies and objectives
2. Motivate through applications
and connections to real life.
3. Give applications of the theory
4. Discuss worked-out examples
5. Give time for hands-on unguided
classroom work and discovery
6. Use formative assessment to
give feedback
7. Introduce extensions or
generalizations of concepts
8. Engage in reflection questions
9. Encourage analysis through
higher order thinking prompts
10. Provide alternative formats for
student work

4
 Lesson
Evolution of Media
4
An important development with the growth of digital media has been the move
from a traditional communication model of ‘one to many’, characteristic of print and broadcast
media, to a ‘peer to peer’ model that facilitates collaborative creation and sharing of content.
As content is digitized, it becomes accessible from a multitude of devices, including radio,
television, personal computer and, perhaps most importantly, the mobile phone, which is
emerging as the dominant platform for delivering content of all kinds. The digitalization of
voice, image, sound and data – known as convergence – is creating new opportunities for
interaction. This lesson will talk about the media development breakthrough with the human
history.

What I Need to Know

Learning objectives
In this lesson, you will:
 Identify traditional media and new media, and their relationships.
MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-5 (Activity 4.1);
 Examine the technology or resources available during the prehistoric age,
the industrial age, the electronic age, and the new or digital age ;
 Identify the devices used by people to communicate with each other, store
information, and broadcast information across the different ages (Activity
4.2);
 Editorialize the roles and functions of media in democratic society.
MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-6 (Activity 4.3)
 Search and look up the latest theories on information and media.
MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-7

What I Know
Pretest
Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is used to store information during the electronic age?
a. Telegram b. Radio c. Books d. Typewriter
2. Typewriter first appeared in ____________.
a. Pre-industrial age c. Industrial Age
b. Electronic Age d. Information Age
3. What format/ equipment did people use to communicate with each other during Industrial
Age?
a. Traditional paper and writing materials c. Paper and Pen, Typewriter
b. Telegraph, Telegram, Telephone, Computers d. None of these
4. What are different types of new media?

5
 a. The internet, CDs, DVDs c. Television, films, books and
newspapers.
b. Novels, poems, fiction and non-fiction d. Radio, television, monkeys
5. While the potential impact of the IoT is considerable, a concerted effort is required to
move beyond this early stage. In order to optimise the development of the market, a
common understanding of the distinct nature of the opportunity is required. Which of the
following IS NOT the key feature of IoT?
a. The Internet of Things can enable the next wave of life-enhancing services across
several fundamental sectors of the economy.
b. Meeting the needs of customers may require global distribution models and
consistent global services.
c. Information overload across platforms of media.
d. Device and application behavior will place new and varying demands on mobile
networks.

6. In a democratic society, its role is pivotal in keeping the government, companies, and
powerful individuals accountable to the masses. The media has the power to spotlight
and expose those who abuse their power. The first thing dictators do to control the flow
of information is to control the media, what news stories they can run. Their role is to
objectively provide the facts in the context they are expected.
a. TRUE b. FALSE

7. The modern age of business and consumerism is increasingly driven in a global fashion
with international brands in many vertical industries. In order to support the development
of a viable service ecosystem, i.e. one that meets customer expectations in an
economical manner, globally consistent service enablers will be a key requirement. For
companies in vertical industries, the ability to deploy their services across several
countries. Which of the following is NOT an IoT-inspired device?
a. Smart Watch c. Augmented Reality
b. 3D printing and Sensors d. Billboards

8. What format/ equipment did people use to store information during the Information Age?
a. Printing press or books, Computers
b. Printing press or books, Digital books, Personal computers, Mobile phones, Smart
phones,
c. Wearable technology, Social Media
d. Both b and c

9. A positive view of the political role of the media sees it as...

a. a way of keeping people harmlessly amused when times are hard.
b. a way of promoting constructive 'role models' for young people.
c. much more trustworthy than politicians
d. at its best, a potential check on executive power.

10. While the Internet of Things (IoT) will ultimately have an enormous impact on consumers,
enterprises and society as a whole, it is still at an early stage in its development. These
are the following industrial sector may arise EXCEPT:
a. Intelligent buildings
b. Energy services and national security
c. PCs, tablets and handset data
d. None of these

6
 What’s New
Activity 4.1 Traditional to New Media

“ Titanic, in full Royal Mail Ship (RMS) Titanic,

British luxury passenger liner that sank on April 14–15,
1912, during its maiden voyage, en route to New York
City from Southampton, England, killing about 1,500
passengers and ship personnel. One of the most famous
tragedies in modern history, it inspired numerous stories,
several films, and a musical and has been the subject of
much scholarship and scientific speculation.” RMS Titanic departing Southampton on 10 April 1912. Retrieved
from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RMS_Titanic_3.jpg
Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Titanic
Contributed by: Amy Tikkanen
Retrieved on : May 22, 2020

What you will do

Activity 4.1 Traditional to New Media

In your notebook, try to answer the following:
1. If the Titanic sank somewhere in the Atlantic Ocean, how do you think the news reached
people in England and New York at that time? Indicate any form of communication you
might think of that is existing during that time.
2. If the Titanic sank today, in what format would people receive or read the news? Indicate
your favorable form of media format you can think that is existing during this time and
discuss why you chose this media format.

What is It
Discussion
More than 1,500 people died in the sinking of the Titanic, but more than 700 survived.
Those who did owed their escape to the newest communications technology of the time:
wireless telegraphy.
Media fulfills several basic roles in our society. One obvious role is entertainment.
Media can act as a springboard for our imaginations, a source of fantasy, and an outlet for
escapism. It can also provide information and education. Information can come in many forms,
and it may sometimes be difficult to separate from entertainment. Today, newspapers and
news-oriented television and radio programs make available stories from across the globe,
allowing readers or viewers in London to access voices and videos from our country or
neighboring nations. Books and magazines provide a more in-depth look at a wide range of
subjects. Similarly, it can be used to monitor government, business, and other institutions.
These are how media and information has evolved throughout history. It is described
into four ages.

Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s) - People discovered fire, developed paper from plants,
and forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper and iron. Examples:
• Cave paintings (35,000 BC) • Clay tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC)

7
• Papyrus in Egypt (2500 BC) • Acta Diurna in Rome (130 BC)
• Dibao in China (2nd Century) • Codex in the Mayan region (5th Century)
• Printing press using wood blocks (220 AD)
Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) - People used the power of steam, developed machine tools,
established iron production, and the manufacturing of various products (including books
through the printing press). Examples:
• Printing press for mass production (19th century) • Newspaper- The London Gazette
(1640)
• Typewriter (1800)Telephone (1876) • Commercial motion pictures (1913)
• Motion picture photography/projection (1890) • Telegraph
• Motion picture with sound (1926) • Punch cards
Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) - The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age.
People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits,
and the early computers. In this age, long distance communication became more efficient.
Examples:
• Transistor Radio • Television (1941)
• Large electronic computers- i.e. • Mainframe computers - i.e. IBM 704(1960)
EDSAC (1949) and UNIVAC 1 (1951)
• Personal computers - i.e. Hewlett- • OHP, LCD projectors
Packard 9100A (1968), Apple 1 (1976)
Information Age (1900s-2000s) - The Internet paved the way for faster communication and
the creation of the social network. People advanced the use of microelectronics with the
invention of personal computers, mobile devices, and wearable technology. Moreover, voice,
image, sound and data are digitalized. We are now living in the information age. Examples:
• Web browsers: Mosaic (1993), • Blogs: Blogspot (1999), LiveJournal
(1999), Wordpress (2003) • Smart phones
Internet Explorer (1995) • Cloud and Big Data
• Social networks: Friendster (2002), • Microblogs: Twitter (2006), Tumblr (2007)
Multiply (2003), Facebook (2004)
Video: YouTube (2005) • Wearable technology
• Video chat: Skype (2003), Google • Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality
Hangouts (2013)
• Search Engines: Google (1996), • Portable computers- laptops (1980),
Yahoo (1995) netbooks (2008), tablets (1993)

As Briggs and Burke note, these advances meant that “hundreds of thousands of
components could be carried on a microprocessor.” The reduction of many different kinds of
content to digitally stored information meant that “print, film, recording, radio and television
and all forms of telecommunications [were] now being thought of increasingly as part of one
complex.” This process, also known as convergence, is a force that’s affecting media today.

What you will do

Activity 4.2 Knowing You Media at Different Ages

In your notebook, try to fill in the table on the next page.
.

8
 What’s More
Enrichment

ROLES OF MEDIA IN A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY

Transitions from one technology to another have greatly affected the media, although
it is difficult to say whether technology caused a cultural shift or resulted from it. The role of
the media is vital in generating a democratic culture that extends beyond the political system
and becomes engrained in the public consciousness over time.
Media fulfills several roles in our democratic society, including the following:
1. Channel . It provides opportunities for people to communicate, share ideas,
speculate, tell stories and give information.
2. Watchdog. It exposes corrupt practices of the government and the private sector.
Creating a space wherein governance is challenged or scrutinized by the
governed. It also guarantees free and fair elections.
3. Resource center. It acts as a gateway of information for the society’s
consumption. Also, it becomes a keeper of memories of the community, preserver
of heritage and source of academic knowledge.
4. Advocate. Through its diverse sources or formats, it bridges the gap of digital
divide.
Media act as a catalyst for democracy and development, helping to make public
participation meaningful. If media is honest and committed in its job, democracy is bound to
function more efficiently and the loopholes present in any democratic system can certainly be
plugged to the fullest satisfaction of the people.
On the contrary, if media is biased, corrupt and favors only a particular party or few
individuals, it can prove to be very dangerous for the smooth functioning of democracy. No
one can become perfect and one can only strive to become so. The same holds true for our
media also. Certainly, there is still a lot of scope for improvement by which the media can rise
upon the aspirations of the people for which it is primarily meant.

9
 What you will do

Activity 4.3 Your Thoughts Count

Instruction: Make a Cartoon analysis of the given illustration. Write your answer in a
separate sheet of paper.
.
What can you say about this?

____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Retrieved from::
https://bloximages.chicago2.vip.townnews.com/
madison.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/1/

What’s New
Activity 4.4

What you will do

Activity 4.4 Your Internet Usage Matters

The human population was estimated to be 7.6 billion at the turn of the year, using an
estimate 8.1 billion devices connected to the Internet. In your notebook, try to answer the
following:
1. How often do you use the internet on any device/in any place?
2. Do any factor/s limit or prevent your use of the internet?
3. Can you enumerate the different ways you have known on how to use the internet?
4. Aside from the entertainment purposes, do you find a positive potential on using the
internet?
5. Explain briefly the concept of Internet of Things (IoT).

What is It
Discussion

INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)

10
 Mobile networks already deliver connectivity to a broad range of devices, enabling the
development of innovative new services and applications. This new wave of connectivity is
going beyond tablets and laptops; to connected cars and buildings; TVs and game consoles;
smart meters and traffic control; with the prospect of intelligently connecting almost anything
and anyone.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the use of intelligently connected devices and
systems to leverage data gathered by embedded sensors and actuators in machines and other
physical objects.
By which mobile operators have identified the following key distinctive features:
1. The Internet of Things can enable the next wave of life-enhancing services across
several fundamental sectors of the economy.
2. Meeting the needs of customers may require global distribution models and consistent
global services.
3. The Internet of Things presents an opportunity for new commercial models to support
mass global deployments.
4. The majority of revenue will arise from the provision of value-added services and
mobile operators are building new capabilities to enable these new service areas.
5. Device and application behaviour will place new and varying demands on mobile
networks.
A common understanding of the distinctive nature of this nascent opportunity should help
hasten this development. This has believed to be full blown in the next decade. The figure
depicts a Smart City.

What’s More
Enrichment

What I Have Learned

Generalization

Source: McKinsey internal research, GSMA

The IoT will also help widen access and improve quality of education and health

11
In education, mobile-enabled solutions will tailor the learning process to each student’s needs,
improving overall proficiency levels, while linking virtual and physical classrooms to make
learning more convenient and accessible.

Source: McKinsey, GSMA, Qualcomm, GSV

The Internet of Things promises to deliver a step change in individuals’ quality of life
and enterprises’ productivity. Through a widely distributed, locally intelligent network of smart
devices, the IoT has the potential to enable extensions and enhancements to fundamental
services in transportation, logistics, security, utilities, education, healthcare and other areas,
while providing a new ecosystem for application development.
Inasmuch, information overload might the challenge of the coming generation. As a
empowered SHS student, truly your role is enhanced your media and information literacy in
order for you to be secured in this digital- driven world.

What’s More
Enrichment
Activity 4.5: Traditional Media VS New Media

12
 The table shows the description of both kind of media. In a separate
paper, write the correct description that it refers to. Follow the given table below.

 Media experience is limited.

 Media experience is more interactive.
 One-directional.
 Audience are more involved and can response simultaneously.
 Sense receptors used are very specific( i.e., print media – sight, radio –
hearing, TV and films – sight and hearing)
 Integrates all aspect of old media.
 It includes social networking sites, blogs, podcasts, wikis, and virtual
worlds.
 It is much more of a two way affair and it allows consumers and users to
get more involved
 It has nothing to do with the internet.
 It is the older form of mass communication.

Traditional Media is ….. New Media is …….

What I Have Learned

Generalization

Complete the sentence stem below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Traditional Media has been the
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

13
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________.

On the other side, New Media is considered as

______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________.

2. Roles of both media has shaped our democratic society today through
_________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________.

One it of its benefits, is the emergence of the Internet of Things which is

__________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________.

What I Can Do
Application

For this week, Make an essay for the given topic. Select only 1 from these topics.

1. Explain the statement of Marshall McLuhan that “The Medium is the Message”.

2. Does technology shaped us or is it us who shaped technology? Expound your

answer and give illustration.

14
Your essay will be graded based on this rubric. Consequently, use this rubric as a guide when
writing your essay and check it again before you submit your essay.

Source: http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/printouts/Essay%20Rubric.pdf

Assessment
Posttest

Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is used to store information during the electronic age?
a. Telegram b. Radio c. Books d. Typewriter

2. Typewriter first appeared in ____________.

a. Pre-industrial age c. Industrial Age
b. Electronic Age d. Information Age

3. What format/ equipment did people use to communicate with each other during Industrial
Age?
c. Traditional paper and writing materials c. Paper and Pen, Typewriter
d. Telegraph, Telegram, Telephone, Computers d. None of these

4. What are different types of new media?

15
 c. The internet, CDs, DVDs c. Television, films, books and
newspapers.
d. Novels, poems, fiction and non-fiction d. Radio, television, monkeys

5. Which of the following NOT included in the distinctive feature of Internet of Things?
a. IoT will enable life-enhancing services
b. Distribution models for IoT services are often global
c. New capabilities are being developed for IoT applications
d. Inflating demands on the mobile network

6. A primary function of an independent press in a free and democratic society is to:

a. provide news that is fair, balanced, and accessible to all people.
b. maintain social order by publishing stories that promote democratic values.
c. manage the way in which information is disseminated and presented to the public.
d. entertain audiences while supplying them with timely information on their
communities.

7. In a 30-minute local television news broadcast, four minutes are dedicated to a lead story
about a robbery at an area business. Two- to three-minute segments report on an incident
in which an individual was arrested for assault and on recent developments in a high-
profile criminal trial. This news describes the role of media as _____________.
a. Channel c. Watchdog
b. Resource Center d. Advocate

8. A high school journalist has spent weeks gathering information in order to develop a story
on changes in graduation requirements. The student has transcripts of interviews with
teachers and students, data and news releases from the state department of education,
and copies of practice graduation tests. This news describes the role of media as
_____________.
a. Channel c. Watchdog
b. Resource Center d. Advocate

9. A television news helicopter crew is first on the scene the afternoon a typhoon sweeps
through a midwestern town. The crew's aerial footage is fed to a national news bureau,
which in turn arranges to broadcast the footage that night on its national nightly network
news program. This news describes the role of media as _____________.
a. Channel c. Watchdog
b. Resource Center d. Advocate

10. While the potential impact of the IoT is considerable, a concerted effort is required to
move beyond this early stage. In order to optimize the development of the market, a
common understanding of the distinct nature of the opportunity is required. Which of the
following IS NOT the key feature of IoT?
e. The Internet of Things can enable the next wave of life-enhancing services across
several fundamental sectors of the economy.
f. Meeting the needs of customers may require global distribution models and
consistent global services.
g. Information overload across platforms of media.
h. Device and application behavior will place new and varying demands on mobile
networks.

11. In a democratic society, its role is pivotal in keeping the government, companies, and
powerful individuals accountable to the masses. The media has the power to spotlight
and expose those who abuse their power. The first thing dictators do to control the flow

16
 of information is to control the media, what news stories they can run. Their role is to
objectively provide the facts in the context they are expected.
b. TRUE b. FALSE

12. The modern age of business and consumerism is increasingly driven in a global fashion
with international brands in many vertical industries. In order to support the development
of a viable service ecosystem, i.e. one that meets customer expectations in an
economical manner, globally consistent service enablers will be a key requirement. For
companies in vertical industries, the ability to deploy their services across several
countries. Which of the following is NOT an IoT-inspired device?
c. Smart Watch c. Augmented Reality
d. 3D printing and Sensors d. Billboards

13. What format/ equipment did people use to store information during the Information Age?
a. Printing press or books, Computers
b. Printing press or books, Digital books, Personal computers, Mobile phones, Smart
phones,
c. Wearable technology, Social Media
d. Both b and c

14. A positive view of the political role of the media sees it as...
a. a way of keeping people harmlessly amused when times are hard.
b. a way of promoting constructive 'role models' for young people.
c. much more trustworthy than politicians
d. at its best, a potential check on executive power.

15. While the Internet of Things (IoT) will ultimately have an enormous impact on consumers,
enterprises and society as a whole, it is still at an early stage in its development. These
are the following industrial sector may arise EXCEPT:
a. Intelligent buildings c. PCs, tablets and handset data
b. Energy services and national security d. None of these

Additional Activity

Being an empowered SHS student, your role is to showcase your versality in all forms of
media. Perform the following instruction:
1. Draw on a short bond paper a political cartoon depicting your opinion about how
Philippine media performs its roles and functions in the Philippines which is a
democratic country.
2. Explain the message of your political cartoon in not less than 3 sentences.
3. Upload your output in your Facebook account and use the hashtag
#TraditionalToNewMedia.
4. Don’t forget to tag to your teacher for the said work of art of yours.

Great work! You are done with Lesson 4.

Have a break! You deserve one 😊
Then let’s take off to Lesson 5! So, read on!

17
 Lesson
Types of Media
5
Modern media comes in many different formats, including print media (books,
magazines, newspapers), television, movies, video games, music, cell phones, various kinds
of software, and the Internet. Each type of media involves both contents, and also a device or
object through which that content is delivered.
By which, it has also an important accountability mechanism: it raises important
issues, corruption for example, that might otherwise never be publicly debated or addressed.
The media also has an important role in stimulating governments to act on social policy, can
also expose problems that need to be addressed, for example poor living conditions or lack of
access to services and so on. Thus, it takes to the idea of how media is now used and by what
degree of confidence does the content is credible in different media formats. With this, the
lesson will give you the direction on the different type of media and the how an individual is
portrayed in a public using variety of media formats.

What I Need to Know

Learning objectives
In this lesson, you will:
 identify the different types of media
 Classify contents of different media types. MIL11/12TYM-IIId-10 (Activity
5.1);
 Define media convergence through current examples. MIL11/12TYM-IIId-
11 (Activity 5.3);
 Discuss to class on how a particular individual is portrayed in public using
different type of media. MIL11/12TYM-IIId-12 (Activity 5.5);

What I Know
Pretest
Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, write “Like” if the statement is TRUE
and “Sad” if not.
1. Harry Potter Complete Series Boxed Set Collection is a print media.
2. Don’t Let Me Down by The Chainsmokers in Spotify is a broadcast media.
3. Broadcast media requires internet connection as medium of transmission to reach
the target audiences.
4. Print media are media consisting of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process
that is traditionally mechanical. For instance, Manila Times, Sunstar, Bandera and
many others.

18
 5. Media personality can have power to direct or challenge society.
6. Media content producers should follow a code of ethics that prohibits the use of
abusive or discriminatory material based on race, ethnicity, age, gender, physical
ability or marital status.
7. Digital media make people create new kinds of media forms, like mash-ups.
8. One of the consequences of convergence is that types of media such as radio or
film are losing their meanings as distinct, separate media types that are defined by
their technologies.
9. In the future, Internet magazines will expand publications' readerships.
10. The second information communications revolution began with the invention of
paper.

What’s In
Review

Last time, we learned about the development of media across time. By which,
this generation is in the digital age. The current era has made it easy for anyone to
create media. We don't always know who created something, why they made it, and
whether it's credible. This makes media literacy tricky to learn. Nonetheless, media
literacy is an essential skill in the digital age. It can help you learn how to determine
whether something is credible. It also helps determine the "persuasive intent" of
advertising and resist the techniques marketers use to sell products.
This time you will learn to compare and contrast how one particular issue or
news is presented through the different types of media (print, broadcast, online).
Further, you will also identify the role of media in our culture. From celebrity gossip to
magazine covers to memes, media is telling us something, shaping our understanding
of the world, and even compelling us to act or think in certain ways.

What’s New
Activity 5.1 Type of Media

What you will do

1. With these given media formats below :

19
 Promotional poster uploaded in Facebook
Media and Information Literacy textbook
24- Oras news program uploaded on YouTube
One Punch-man manga uploaded in MyManga website
Jason Bourne movie shown in theaters
Philippine Daily Inquirer news paper
7 Years by Lukas Graham played on 90.7 Love Radio
Memeography
Books
Bawal Lumabas (The Classroom Song) by Kim Chui in Spotify

2. Classify the terms above and have them write the terms in their corresponding columns.

PRINT BROADCAST FILM/MOVIE NEW MEDIA

3. Answer the question,

What is your basis in classifying the media formats to corresponding type?

What is It
Discussion
TYPE OF MEDIA

20
 Media simply refers to a vehicle or means of message delivery system to carry an ad
message to a targeted audience. Media like TV, Radio, Print, Outdoor and Internet are
instruments to convey an advertising message to the public.
The main task of media planners is to select the most appropriate media channels that
can effectively communicate the advertising message to a targeted audience. Hence, it is
essential for media planners to:
 Keep up with latest media trends
 Keep up with New technological developments
 Determine long and short term effects of different media
 Analyse Strengths and Weaknesses of different media
Each type of media involves both content, and also a device or object through which that
content is delivered. By which these are different types of media
1. Print Media - media consisting of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process
that is traditionally mechanical. It is used to describe the traditional or "old-
fashioned" print-based media that today's parents grew up with, including
newspapers, magazines, books, and comics or graphic novels
2. Broadcast Media - media such as radio and television that reach target audiences
using airwaves as the transmission medium.
3. Film/Movies. These are the oldest form of motion picture technology capable of
capturing lifelike video-style images. Originally, movies could only be consumed at
a neighborhood movie theater, but these days movies are widely available for
people to consume in their homes, on their computers, and even in through their
telephones. Commercial movies are broadcast on television, and via cable and
satellite services which may feature High Definition (HD) video resolution and
sound, essentially allowing the movie theater experience to be replicated in a home
theater environment
4. New Media - content organized and distributed on digital platforms such as the
Internet. It refers to “those digital media that are interactive, incorporate two-way
communication and involve some form of computing,” Robert Logan writes in his
book Understanding New Media. New media is “very easily processed, stored,
transformed, retrieved, hyperlinked and, perhaps most radical of all, easily
searched for and accessed.”

What you will do

Activity 5.2 Your Thoughts Count

Instruction: Make a Cartoon analysis of the given illustration. Write your answer in a
separate
What can you saysheet
aboutofthis?
paper.
.
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________ Retrieved from:: https://www.flickr.com/photos/garyhayes/3252497296/
___________________________

21
 What’s More
Enrichment

MEDIA CONVERGENCES
Media convergence is the merging of mass communication outlets – print, television,
radio, the Internet along with portable and interactive technologies through various digital
media platforms.
Media convergence is the blending of multiple media forms into one platform for
purposes of delivering a dynamic experience.

Technologically rich societies have entered the digital age, and media industries are
grappling with new opportunities – and threats – afforded by what is called “convergence”.
Media people tend to get very excited about convergence, because it holds so much promise.
The melding together of different media, incorporating new personalized services is both
impressive and overwhelming.

•co-existence of traditional and new media.

•co-existence of print media, broadcast media

(radio and television), the Internet, mobile
phones,as well as others, allowing media content
MEDIA to flow across various platforms.
CONVERGENCE
•ability to transform different kinds of media into
digital code, which is then accessible by a range
of devices (ex. from the personal computer to the
mobile phone), thus creating a digital
communication environment

Source : Teaching Guide for Senior High School MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY.

For much of modern history, the different types of media — books, newspapers, radio,
television, cinema — were distinct technologies. They also existed in separate industries.
Digitization, computer networking and the rise of the Internet, however, have resulted in the
breaking down of these silos. This has led to the integration of all media. It enables the
immediate and global exchange of every kind of content.

Our experience with convergence to date has also revealed some drawbacks. Not
everyone has ready and affordable access to digital media, or the skills to employ them. A
connection to computer networks (and the literacy required to navigate them) is increasingly
vital. It creates a digital divide between haves and have-nots. Also, the tracking capacity of

22
computer programs has resulted in increased surveillance. This has prompted concerns about
personal privacy and security.
But media convergence isn't only an end result like a smartphone, but also a process
in how we create, consume, and distribute media. Think for a minute about how you found out
about the latest big event in the news. Were you watching television? Reading a newspaper?
Probably not. Most likely you were informed thanks to convergence, perhaps reading it on a
social media feed on your smartphone as you commuted to work.
Media convergence has even changed the way we receive data. Instead of getting a
news report from TV, we're getting that same report from a television station by way of the
internet and social media, in particular. For people who work in media, convergence has
changed the way they do their jobs. Instead of reporters simply writing a story to appear in
tomorrow's newspaper, they're filming short video clips and tweeting about it, too—a smash-
up of different digital technologies.

Communication and technology are just two of the areas where convergence has been
impactful.

What you will do

Activity 5.3 Sample of Media Convergence

Instruction: Do a research of at least 2 examples for the following platform where the
media convergence is much existing. Use the table below to be guided.
.

Media Convergence in Platform Specific Example

Facebook, Instagram,
Communication Social Network
Twitter

Education Learning Resource Center

Advertisement Services Advertisement

News News Agency

Entertainment Multimedia Personality

What’s New
Activity 5.4

23
 What you will do

Activity 5.4 Put it on the Record

The environment in which media policy and regulation are undertaken has been radically
shifting as users more easily control their own media environments and younger users
(“digital natives”) are often most familiar with convergent media technologies. In your
notebook, try to answer at least two (2) of the following:
1. Describe how new technologies have led to the convergence of traditional and new
media.
2. Explain how media convergence creates new opportunities for interaction.
3. Describe the use of one or two forms of new media to share knowledge and
information on a current issue in society.
4. Explain how a person could be portrayed in public in the age of media convergence.

What is It
Discussion

MASS MEDIA AND MEDIA EFFECTS

The flow of information has completely changed bringing an overhaul to the overall media
sector. Basically, when a person is portrayed in public more people are likely to access the
information online.
In this age of media convergence, there has been an increase in the number of blogs
that give information unlike in the past where one could only access information from very
limited sources, mainly “the print media”. There is no restriction on who can write a blog with
platforms like word press offering even a free version of their blogs. More to that, there has
been an increase of video blogs that give information and news within a click of a button from
your computer. Some of the platforms include YouTube where uploading a video is completely
free. Basically, more people will access a person portrayed in public via digitized system as
compared to the old types of media.

MASS MEDIA
It is known as being one of the most significant forces in modern culture. It refers to
channels of communication that involve transmitting information in some way, shape or form
to large numbers of people. Further, it is a communication—whether written, broadcast, or
spoken—that reaches a large audience. This includes television, radio, advertising, movies,
the Internet, newspapers, magazines, and so forth.

Sociologists refer to this as a mediated culture where media reflects and creates the
culture. Communities and individuals are bombarded constantly with messages from a
multitude of sources including TV, billboards, and magazines, to name a few. These messages
promote not only products, but moods, attitudes, and a sense of what is and is not important.
Mass media makes possible the concept of celebrity: without the ability of movies, magazines,
and news media to reach across thousands of miles, people could not become famous. In
fact, only political and business leaders, as well as the few notorious outlaws, were famous in
the past. Only in recent times have actors, singers, and other social elites become celebrities
or “stars.”

MEDIA EFFECTS

24
 These are the intended or unintended consequences of what the mass media does
(Denis McQuail, 2010). Further, it is typically defined as social or psychological responses
occurring in individuals, dyads, small groups, organizations, or communities as a result of
exposure to or processing of or otherwise acting on media messages. The changes caused
by media can take place on several dimensions. The effects can be intended by the message
source or unintended. The consequences can include not only changes, but also preservation
of the status quo. If a certain social situation perpetuates because of media this is also
considered a media effect. In addition, media effects can be both short-term and long-term.

These are the new theories moved away from the notion that exposure to media can
immediately and directly affect people’s attitudes and behaviors.

1. Third – party Theory.

People think they are more immune to media influence than others.

Source : https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/deathhumanconversation-awadabdelgayoum

2. Reciprocal Effect
When a person or event gets media attention, it influences the way the person acts or
the way the event functions. Media coverage often increases self-consciousness,
which affects our actions.

Source : http://www.flickriver.com/photos/billyjo29/tags/kapamil

25
3. Boomerang Effect
It refers to media-induced change that is
counter to the desired change.
Communicative messages are often
constructed strategically. In many cases,
the creators of such messages strive to
curtail specific anti-social or unhealthy
attitudes and behaviors held by the target
audience. However, these messages are
not always successful in achieving the
intended effect. Messages with a specific
intent can backfire and cause an increase
in the unhealthy or anti-social attitude or Source : http://uppiddee.com/blog/smileyfaces-
and-the-boomerang-effect/)
behavior targeted for change.
4. Cultivation Theory (George Gerbner)
It states that media exposure, specifically to
television, shapes our social reality by giving
us a distorted view on the amount of violence
and risk in the world. The theory suggests
that television and media possess a small
but significant influence on the attitudes and
beliefs of society about society. Those who
absorb more media are those we are more
influenced.
In a nutshell, heavy viewing of television
and the associated violence leads the
viewer to believe that the world is a much Source : http://mass.pakgalaxy.com/cultivationtheory.html
more dangerous place than it actually is,
with a serial killer, rapist, or pedophile lurking around every corner.

5. Agenda-setting Theory (Lippmann/

McCombs and Shaw)

Source http://lessonbucket.com/media-inminutes/the-agenda-setting-
function-theory/

26
 It process whereby the mass media determine what we think and worry about. Further,
public reacts not to actual events but to the pictures in our head, created by media.
Also, agenda setting is very important in the political aspect because the public agenda
influences the policy agenda which means that candidates will try to focus on issues
that the public wants to hear about. In conclusion the agenda setting theory has many
beneficial uses in our society and it is part of our communication.

6. Propaganda Model of Media Control (Herman & Chomsky )

The model tries to understand how the population is manipulated, and how the
social, economic, political attitudes are fashioned in the minds of people through
propaganda.

Example: Corporate organization who owns

media never publishes the financial details,
which may endanger them.

What’s More
Enrichment Source: https://www.amazon.com/Age-Propaganda-Everyday-Abuse-
Persuasion/dp/0805074031
Activity 5.5: Media Personality
These are given pictures of famous individuals who are featured across
all types of media. In a separate paper, answer the following question. Follow the given
table below.

Source:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/
Angel_Locsin_3.jpg Source:https://d3s3zh7icgjwgd.cloudfront.net/Acu
Custom/Sitename/DAM/168/Lea_Salonga.jpg

Question Angel Locsin Lea Salonga

1. What do these two personalities

have in common?

27
 2. How did they become that
prestige in their life?

3. What made them so famous?

4. What have they contributed to

society?

5. How do these personalities

influence the way the people see
themselves and others?

What I Have Learned

Generalization

Complete the sentence stem below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. There 4 types of media : (a) Print Media
__________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______;;(b) Broadcast
Media___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______
; (c) Film/Movie
_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___
_________________________________________________________________________
___
; (d) New Media
______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________.

2. By which, Media Convergence is existing of todays media platform across several fields
because of
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

28
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________

3. That incorporation of media platforms has brought about the idea of Mass Media which
encompasses the
_____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________

These is also based on the several Media Effect Theories which are :
____________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________.

What I Can Do
Application

For this week, Make a short description of person portrayed in public by

different types of media given below.

Assessment
Posttest

Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, write “TRUE” if the statement is TRUE

and “FALSE” if not.

1. Harry Potter Complete Series Boxed Set Collection is a print media.

2. Don’t Let Me Down by The Chainsmokers in Spotify is a broadcast media.
3. Broadcast media requires internet connection as medium of transmission to reach
the target audiences.
4. Print media are media consisting of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process
that is traditionally mechanical. For instance, Manila Times, Sunstar, Bandera and
many others.
5. Media personality can have power to direct or challenge society.

29
 How is this person portrayed in public by
different types of media?

Source: www.philstar.com
How is this person portrayed in public by
different types of media?

Source: www.philstar.com
How is this person portrayed in public by
different types of media?

Source:
http://www.rappler.com/nation/119161-
ilocos-nortenueva-vizcayanew-policechiefs
How is this person portrayed in public by
different types of media?

Source:
http://www.socceralliance.ca/Default.aspx?tabid=523520

6. Media content producers should follow a code of ethics that prohibits the use of
abusive or discriminatory material based on race, ethnicity, age, gender, physical
ability or marital status.
7. Digital media make people create new kinds of media forms, like mash-ups.
8. One of the consequences of convergence is that types of media such as radio or
film are losing their meanings as distinct, separate media types that are defined by
their technologies.
9. In the future, Internet magazines will expand publications' readerships.
10. The second information communications revolution began with the invention of
paper.

30
 Additional Activity

Being an empowered SHS student, your role is to showcase your versality in all forms of
media. Perform the following instruction:

5. Using the application that the learners are most competent with, make a
drawing/sketch on how different media is affecting your everyday life.
6. You can use any application from playstore that they are most comfortable with
(ex. PocketPaint, SketchBook, Paint, PicsArt Color, Draw & Paint, others)
7. Upload your output in your Facebook account and use the hashtag
#TypesOfMedia.
8. Don’t forget to tag to your teacher for the said work of art of yours.

Great work! You are done with Lesson 5.

Have a break! You deserve one 😊
Then let’s take off to Lesson 6! So, read on!

31
 Lesson
Media and Information
6 Sources

Citizens require new competencies (knowledge, skills and attitudes) in order to

participate in and contribute to society. An understanding of these terms is necessary before
engaging and must first of all begin with a clear comprehension of the concept of information.
By that, getting credible and reliable from a reputable source takes a lot of considerations.
This lesson will give us the idea of how important is indigenous media and other sources of
information and the skills on evaluating information.

What I Need to Know

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Identify the different sources of information
2. Compare potential sources of media and information. MIL11/12MIM-
IIIe-13.
3. Determine the accuracy, reliability and value of information by
questioning the source of data, limitations of the information
gathering tools or strategies, and the rationale of the conclusions.
4. Interview an elder from the community regarding indigenous media
and
information resource. MIL11/12MIM-IIIf-14

What I Know
Pretest
Let’s see how much you know before we tackle the lesson. Below is a True
or False test. Write T in the space provided if the statement is true, otherwise F if not.

1. Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near
the source and are seldom circulated for profit.
2. Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and development
because of its direct access to local channels.
3. Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in development and
education programs that are irrelevant and ineffective.
4. Oral instruction, Records - may be written, carved, or oral , Gatherings and
social organizations and Direct observation are few forms of indigenous media

32
 5. Indigenous Knowledge is unique to a given culture or society.
6. Library exist because of the birth of printing press.

What’s In
Review

Previously, we discussed about types of media and media effects. By which,

we study how a particular individual is portrayed in public using different type
of media. By which, we noticed that information is available to us in many
different formats.
As a responsible user of media, you should demonstrate an understanding of
the values and differences of the sources of media and information. This lesson
is all about on the Media and Information Sources. As SHS learner, you need
examine the reliability, accuracy, value, authority, and timeliness of the different
sources of media and information . Further, you should know how to compare
potential sources of media and information

What’s New
Activity 6.1 Spot it Out!

What you will do

Read and understand the directions and answer the given activity.
These are news articles, book and magazines by which our current president
was illustrated.

A Published Book A Published Magazine A Published News Article

Retrieved from
https://images-na.ssl-images-
mazon.com/images/I/71tW3FksbK
L.jpg
Retrieved from
https://images.gmanews.tv/webpics/2
016/05/640_Duterte_Time_(1)_2016_
05_14_15_28_35.jpg
Retrieved from
https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/2/26/Rodrigo
-Duterte-ABS-CBN-
apology.html?fbclid=IwAR3kN3WokT7wOwVSO4D
1AgXptstV99ZHpP36N9v2oIKlTgcs25Zben-j9gc

33
Illustrate the differences and similarities between the information gathered in each
source. Write your answer on the space provided.

Similarities Differences

What is It
Discussion

SOURCES OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION

Information can come from virtually anywhere — media, blogs, personal

experiences, books, journal and magazine articles, expert opinions, encyclopedias,
and web pages — and the type of information you need will change depending on the
question you are trying to answer.
But, what was the basis for your choice of information source?
A. Indigenous Knowledge* (IK) is an unconventional source of information. It is also
known as local knowledge. According to Warren (1991), it is the knowledge that is
unique to a given culture or society. It may contrast with the international knowledge
system generated by universities, research institutions and private firms.
Examples for IK: Muyongs : Ifugao’s traditional land-use zoning system.
This knowledge is then be transfer through Indigenous Media(IM).
IM is owned, controlled and managed by indigenous peoples in order for them to
develop and produce culturally appropriate information in the languages understood
by the community by utilizing indigenous materials and resources, reflecting
community needs and interests, visions and aspirations, and independent from vested
interest groups (Indigenous Media, Freedom of Expression and Right to Information:
ASEAN Scenario, 2014).
Indigenous Media’s characteristics are as follows:

34
  oral tradition of communication
 store information in memories
 information exchange is face to- face
 information are contain within the border of the community
B. Library*. It is a place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such
as books, manuscripts, recordings, or films) are kept for use but not for sale. It was
existed because of the birth of the printing press. And expected to select and provide
content that area easy to access. Its main role is to organize and provide you access
information. And labelled as “steward of good information”. No longer static of limited
to purely collecting physical materials for archiving, but has extended to acquiring new
modes of providing information such as the use of digital sources and facilities that
utilize media.
Types of Library
1. ACADEMIC LIBRARY . It serves colleges and universities.
2. PUBLIC LIBRARY. It serves cities and towns of all types.
3. SCHOOL LIBRARY. It serves students from Kindergarten to Grade 12.
4. SPECIAL LIBRARY- These are in specialized environments, such as hospitals,
corporations, museums, the military, private business, and the government.

C. Internet*. It is a global computer network providing a variety of information and

communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized
communication protocols.

Unlike similar information found in newspapers or television broadcasts, information

available on the Internet is not regulated for quality or accuracy; therefore, it is
particularly important for the individual Internet user to evaluate the resource or
information. Keep in mind that almost anyone can publish anything they wish on the
Web. It is often difficult to determine authorship of Web sources, and even if the author
is listed, he or she may not always represent him or herself honestly, or he or she may
represent opinions as fact.

How will you evaluate the information found in the internet?

1. Authorship . It is critical to relate the ideas you find at a site to a particular

author, organization, or business. In this way, there is a degree of
accountability for any of the ideas expressed. Be especially wary of sites in
which the author or sponsoring organization is not clearly stated.
2. Publishing body. Anyone with an Internet Service Provider (AT&T, UP.net,
NMU, etc.) can put up a Web page. As a result, you need to have some idea

35
 whether the group claiming responsibility for the information on the Web site is
legitimate.
3. Accuracy and Verifiability. A source of information is known to be scholarly
when it provides references to the information presented. In this way, the
reader can confirm whether the information is accurate or the author's
conclusions reasonable. A page without references still may be useful as an
example of the ideas of an individual, organization, or business, but not as
source of factual information.
4. Currency . Some information is very time sensitive. For example, a page talking
about the top rate Web search engines in 1997 is going to be horribly out of
date in 2000. There have been incredible changes in search engine technology
and new developments appear almost monthly. However, a page discussing
the Civil War is likely still relevant today even if the page was created in 1996
and has not been updated. Regardless, a site should always provide some
indication of when the information was created or the site was last updated.

SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION

 Check the Author

 Check the Date of Publication or of update
 Check for Citations
 Check the Domain or owner of the site/page.
.com – commercial
. edu - educational
.mil - military
.gov – government
.org - nonprofit organization

SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE ACCURATE INFORMATION

 Look for facts.

 Cross-reference with other source for consistency.
 Determine the reason for writing and publishing the
information.
 Check for advertising. Advertisers
36 may use related
information to market their product.
Other alternative forms of communication and distribution have become popular.
These include social media, blogs, and flash mob performances. These alternative
forms provide greater freedom and power to ordinary individuals and are a quicker
way of distributing information. The downside is that a lot of the information being
passed around is biased and inaccurate.

What’s New
Activity 6.2 Evaluating Information

What you will do

Read and understand the given news below and answer the follow up
questions.

37
This is a news article from CNN Philippine website. Retrieved from
https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/4/6/arrests-over-coronavirus-fake-

news.html

Fill out the following table on the next page.

Selection Criteria Questions to ponder Your answer

1. Which of these details can be

verified in other sources?
Reliability 2. Could these details be true?
Why or why not?

38
 3. Which of these facts are
measurable?
Accuracy 4. Is the article written with care?

Value 5. Who would find this article

valuable?

6. Who wrote the article?

Authority 7. Are the sources properly
cited?

Timeliness 8. When was the article written?

What is It
Discussion

ACCURACY, RELIABILITY AND VALUE OF INFORMATION

Although, the value of information would also depend on the need of the user but these are
the key skills to better get the rightful information that you need to:
1. Reliability of information - Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and
evaluated. Others refer to the trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the reliability
of information.
2. Accuracy of information - Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual
data. Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on the type of information being
evaluated. Forecasts are said to be accurate if the report is similar to the actual data.
Financial information is considered accurate if the values are correct, properly
classified, and presented

3. Value of information - Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or

improving decisions.
4. Authority of the source - Much of the information we gather daily do not come from a
primary source but are passed on through secondary sources such as writers,
reporters, and the like. Sources with an established expertise on the subject matter are
considered as having sound authority on the subject.
5. Timeliness - Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time
it was produced or acquired. While a piece of information may have been found
accurate, reliable, and valuable during the time it was produced, it may become

39
 irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time (thus making it less valuable). Other
information may be timeless, proven to be the same in reliability, accuracy, and value
throughout history.

What’s More
Enrichment
Popular media cannot reach some rural areas. While print, broadcast, and new media
have a wide reach, there are still areas that these forms of media have not reached.
Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near the source and
are seldom circulated for profit. Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and
development because of its direct access to local channels.

What you will do

1. Discuss the concepts of

indigenous media and
information by developing a mind
map.
2. Start by defining keywords and
connect it to other terms. If new
related ideas come to mind, write
it on the board and draw a line to
the other ideas related to it.
3. Refer to the given example of a
mind map

What I Have Learned Credits to: Commission on Higher Education, 2016 Teaching
Guide for Senior High School MEDIA AND INFORMATION
Generalization LITERACY.

Complete the sentence stem below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
It is really difficult to fully determine the reliability, accuracy, value, and timeliness of
any information, as well as the authority of the source, literacy in media and information
benefits from the development of these skills because of the fast access and dissemination of
information.
1. Indigenous Knowledge is
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________
2. Indigenous Media is

40
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________
3. Library is
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______
_________________________________________________________________________
___
4. Internet is
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______
_________________________________________________________________________
___
5. Evaluating the information found in the internet includes :
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______
_________________________________________________________________________
___
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______
6. Reliability of information is
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______
_________________________________________________________________________
___
7. Accuracy of Information is defined as
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______
_________________________________________________________________________
___
8. Value of information has to with
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______
_________________________________________________________________________
___
9. Authority of the source means
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______
_________________________________________________________________________
___
10. Timeliness is meet when
_____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___

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 What I Can Do
Application

For this week, you will write an essay on the topic “How do people find information that
matches my needs?” and “How do I choose from the wide variety of information made
available by different sources?”.
Your essay will be graded based on this rubric. Consequently, use this rubric as a
guide when writing your essay and check it again before you submit your essay.

Assessment
Posttest
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Encircle the letter of your choice. Be wary of
options, choose only the best. ONLY THE BEST. You will get wronged and hurt if you

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choose the wrong ones. It is only your conscious choice that will dictate your fate. May
the God be with you!

1. One of the difficulties of coping with twenty-first-century media is

a. a lack of information.
b. a lack of reliable information.
c. the need to sift good information from bad information.
d. All these answers are correct.
2. When searching the Internet you should keep in mind...
a. That you can find any information online if you just search long enough
b. That banner ads and chat rooms will often lead you to the best quality
information
c. That because of copyright laws, nothing worthwhile is ever published on the
Internet
d. That not all online sources provide reliable or authoritative information
3. When working on a research assignment, what is an effective and efficient plan of
action to take? Arrange the steps below from start to end for an effective and
efficient plan.
A. Select information resources
B. Cite sources
C. Organize information
D. Conduct effective searches
E. Evaluate information
F. Define topic
G. Review (and repeat)
a. F, A, C, B, D, G, E c. A, B, C, D, E, F, G
b. F, A, D, G, E, C, B d. A, F, D, G, E, C, B
4. Which of the following is NOT one of the main ways of evaluating information found
online?
a. Looking at the brand name. . .is it a trusted brand?
b. Checking the website's internal information and procedure for fact-checking
and mission, as well as what types of web sites it links to
c. Comparing the information on the website with the same information from an
established media company or with original source material
d. None of the above

5. In order to assess whether the information you found is biased, which of the
following should you consider?
I. Author’s age
II. Author’s organization
III. Author’s academic/professional qualifications
IV. Purpose of the information
V. Tone of language

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 VI. Type of publication, e.g. scholarly journal, popular magazine, website
a. I, III, IV c. II, IV, V
b. II, III, IV, VI d. III, IV, V, VI
6. Eduardo Saverin, the co-founder of Facebook, is heard to be living in Singapore
and was seen at local nightspot, The Butter Factory. You googled and found this
website which mentions the news: Facebook Co-Founder, Eduardo Saverin, is in
Singapore - Video Within Teh, J., 31 Oct 2010. Facebook Co-Founder, Eduardo
Saverin, is in Singapore – Video Within. TechieLobang.com. Available from:
http://techielobang.com/blog/2010/10/31/facebook-co-founder-eduardo-saverin-
is-in-singapore-video-within/ [Accessed 10 Mar 2011]. You think the news is
probably true because:
a. Your friend said that he thought he saw Saverin at The Butter Factory last
month.
b. You searched the local newspaper The Straits Times and found the article
which reported this news.
c. The website says that it was reported in The Straits Times.
d. None of these.
For items below, Refer to the sample Mind Map.
7. Indigenous media and information are highly
credible because they are near the source and are
seldom circulated for profit.
A. TRUE B. FALSE
8. Indigenous media are channels for change,
education, and development because of its direct
access to local channels.
A. TRUE B. FALSE
9. Ignoring indigenous media and information can
result in development and education programs that
are irrelevant and ineffective.
A. TRUE B. FALSE

Credits to: Commission on Higher Education, 2016 Teaching

Guide for Senior High School MEDIA AND INFORMATION
LITERACY.

B. Write T in the space provided if the statement is true, otherwise F if not.

1. Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near
the source and are seldom circulated for profit.
2. Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and development
because of its direct access to local channels.

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 3. Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in development and
education programs that are irrelevant and ineffective.
4. Oral instruction, Records - may be written, carved, or oral , Gatherings and
social organizations and Direct observation are few forms of indigenous media
5. Indigenous Knowledge is unique to a given culture or society.
6. Library exist because of the birth of printing press.

Additional Activity

Being an empowered SHS student, your role is to showcase your versality in all forms of
media. Perform the following instruction:
1. You interview an elder coming from two families. You will ask the about cultural beliefs
or practices in the community valued by the elder. You need to identify and gather
information to at least two cultural beliefs or practices.
2. Encode the information on a short bond paper, identify the source of information.
3. And then, you will do an online interview of your 10 classmates and find out if these
cultural beliefs or practices are still known and being valued by their generation.
(Example 3 out of 10…)
4. Submit it to the teacher via Edmodo not more than 2 weeks after it was assigned.

Great work! You are done with Lesson 6.

Have a break! You deserve one 😊
Now, get ready for Module 3!

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Misamis Oriental
Don A. Velez St., Cagayan de Oro City
Contact number: 0917 899 2245
Email address: misamis.oriental@deped.gov.ph

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