MATHEMATICS

FORM 1
CHAPTER 1-5

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DISCLAIMER
THERE MIGHT BE MISSING TOPICS SINCE I DIDN‟T
COMPLETELY FOLLOW THE TEXT BOOK. I ONLY MAKE
NOTES ON WHAT I DEEM NECESSARY. FOR EXAMPLE,
I DIDN‟T WRITE DOWN GUIDES ON THE METHOD OF
REPEATED DIVISION [AS IN HOW THE METHOD
WORKS ETC]. I APOLOGIZE IF THERE IS ANY
MISTAKES OR ERROR IN THIS DOCUMENT [EX.
GRAMMAR, SPELLING MISTAKES]. DO INFROM ME IF
THERE IS ANY MISTAKES. KEEP IN MIND THAT I AM A
STUDENT AS WELL. I TRIED MY BEST TO MAKE THIS
NOTE AS ACCURATE AS I CAN AND EASY TO
UNDERSTAND. I HOPE THIS NOTE IS USEFUL. FEEL
FREE TO PRINT THEM AND SHARE THEM, I DON‟T
REALLY MIND. THANK YOU FOR READING AND USING
THEM X
-ELLY-

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 CHAPTER 1
RATIONAL
NUMBERS

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 1.1 : INTEGERS

 Integers are whole numbers including zero (0) and negative

numbers.

 Examples of integers:
 0
 1,2,3 etc.
 -1, -2, -3 etc.

 Integers DOES NOT consist of :

 Fractions
 Decimals
 Percents

Integers on a number line

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 1.2 : BASIC ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS INVOLVING INTEGERS

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© ELLY 1G - NOT FOR SALE MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 1-4
  If you are to subtract a positive integer with another
positive integer on a number line, move to the left
 If you are to add a positive integer with another positive
integer on a number line, move to the right

 If you are to subtract a negative integer with another

negative integer on a number line, move to the right
 If you are to add a negative integer with another negative
integer on a number line, move to the left

 If you are to subtract a negative integer with a positive

integer on a number line, move to the left

 If you are to add a negative integer with a positive integer

on a number line, move to the right

Example :

 (-5) + 3 =
1. (-) + (+) = - (5 is greater than 3)
2. Draw a number line
3. Move to the right three times
4. = -2

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 LAWS OF ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS

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Still not clear on this topic? Visit https://www.whatcom.edu/home/showdocument?id=1702 for more
explanation :)

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 1.3 : POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FRACTIONS

BASIC ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS INVOLVING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FRACTIONS

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  PROBLEMS ARE SOLVED AS USUAL
 MAKE SURE TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE ANSWER WOULD BE NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE FIRST
 ONLY THEN YOU CAN SOLVE THE PROBLEM

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 COMPARING AND ARRANGING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FRACTIONS ON A NUMBER LINE

 MAKE SURE TO EQUATE THE DENOMINATOR FIRST [ SAMAKAN PENYEBUT ]

 ARRANGE AS USUAL ACCORDING TO THE QUESTION (ASCENDING/DESCENDING ORDER)
 NEGATIVE FRACTIONS ARE ALWAYS ON THE LEFT
 POSITIVE FRACTIONS ARE ALWAYS ON THE RIGHT

Side note :

PDF of Form 1 Mathematics DLP KSSM text book can be found here :

https://drive.google.com/file/d/10lLsYvHz6fWcOBFlU8HoL_IzJnKShSF9/view

© ELLY 1G - NOT FOR SALE MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 1-4

 1.4 : POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE DECIMALS

 PROBLEMS ARE SOLVED AS USUAL

 MAKE SURE TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE ANSWER WOULD BE NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE FIRST
 ONLY THEN YOU CAN SOLVE THE PROBLEM

© ELLY 1G - NOT FOR SALE MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 1-4

 1.5 : RATIONAL NUMBERS

© ELLY 1G - NOT FOR SALE MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 1-4

CHAPTER 2
FACTORS
AND
MULTIPLES
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2.1 : FACTORS, PRIME FACTORS AND HIGHEST COMMON FACTORS (HCF)

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© ELLY 1G - NOT FOR SALE MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 1-4
 BASED ON THE IMAGE ABOVE, IT IS PROVEN THAT HCF CAN BE FOUND
THROUGH THE METHOD OF REPEATED DIVISION AND PRIME FACTORISATION

SIDE NOTES
 FACTORS OF A NUMBER ARE WHOLE NUMBERS THAT CAN DIVIDE THE
NUMBER COMPLETELY [ NO DECIMALS ]
 SAY YOU WANT TO FIND THE FACTOR OF 6
 6 DIVIDED BY 3 = 2
 2 IS A WHOLE NUMBER
 THEREFORE, 3 IS A FACTOR OF 6
 HOWEVER, 6 DIVIDED BY 5 IS 1.2
 1.2 IS NOT A WHOLE NUMBER
 THEREFORE, 5 IS NOT A FACTOR OF 6

 PRIME FACTORS ARE FACTORS MADE OF PRIME NUMBERS

 EXAMPLE : 2 AND 5
 COMMON FACTORS ARE FACTORS THAT ARE SHARED BETWEEN TWO
NUMBERS
 SAY YOU WANT TO FIND THE COMMON FACTOR OF 6 AND 12
 LIST DOWN THE MULTIPLES OF 6 AND 12
 CIRCLE THE SIMILAR NUMBERS [12, 24…]
 THEREFORE, 12 AND 24 IS THE COMMON FACTOR OF 6 AND 12
 COMMON FACTORS CAN ALSO BE FOUND THROUGH THE METHOD OF
REPEATED DIVISION [ AS SHOWN ABOVE ] AND PRIME FACTORISATION
 HIGHEST COMMON FACTORS ARE COMMON FACTORS WITH THE BIGGEST
VALUE
 IT CAN BE FOUND THROUGH THE METHOD OF REPEATED DIVISION [AS SHOWN
ABOVE ] AND PRIME FACTORISATION

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2.2 : MULTIPLES, COMMON MULTIPLES AND LOWEST COMMON MULTIPLES (LCM)

COMMON MULTIPLES

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LOWEST COMMON MULTIPLES (LCM)

BOTH COMMON MULTIPLES AND LOWEST COMMON MULTIPLES

(LCM) CAN BE FOUND THROUGH THE METHOD OF REPEATED
DIVISION, PRIME FACTORISATION AND BY LISTING THE MULTIPLES
OF BOTH NUMBERS [AS SHOWN ABOVE]

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CHAPTER 3
SQUARES,
SQUARE
ROOTS, CUBES
AND CUBE
ROOTS
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3.1 : SQUARES AND SQUARE ROOTS

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 WE CAN FIND PERFECT SQUARES BY
USING THE METHOD OF PRIME
FACTORISATION. IF THE PRIME FACTORS
CAN BE GROUPED INTO TWO IDENTICAL
GROUPS, THEN THE NUMBER IS A
PERFECT SQUARE.

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 SQUARE OF A NUMBER
NOW, LET‟S TAKE A LOOK AT 5². WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
5² IS ALSO REFERRED AS “5 RAISED TO 2” OR “5 SQUARED”
TO FIND THE SQUARE A OF A NUMBER, MULTIPLY THE
NUMBER BY ITSELF
SO, 5² EQUALS TO 5×5
THEREFORE, 5² EQUALS TO 25
REMEMBER, THE SQUARE OF ANY NUMBER MUST BE
POSITIVE

For a better understanding, I recommend you to watch this video :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WlakdblLOkg

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 SQUARE ROOTS

BASICALLY, SQUARE ROOTS CAN BE FOUND WHEN A NUMBER MULTIPLIED

BY ITSELF [SQUARED]
FOR EXAMPLE ; √25
IT IS FOUND THAT √25 IS 5 SINCE 5×5= 25
IN OTHER WAYS, IT CAN ALSO BE EXPRESSED IN ANOTHER FORM LIKE 5²
THE ONLY THING YOU NEED TO DO IS TO TAKE THE ² AND WRITE IT AS √
AFTERS, MULTIPLY THE BASE NUMBER [5] WITH ITSELF
YOU WILL GET √25 WHICH EQUALS TO 5. SEE?

Side note : I’m sorry, I don’t really know how to properly explain this to someone as
I just understood the topic without explanation. However, if you still don’t
understand this topic, I suggest you to head to
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8vqUMIVT1c for better understanding. Sorry :((

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 HOW DO I FIND THE SQUARE ROOT OF A FRACTION?

EXAMPLE : √16/25
KEEP IN MIND THAT
FIRST FIND THE SQUARE ROOT OF 16 [4]
THEN FIND THE SQUARE ROOT OF 25 [5]
THEREFORE, √16/25 = 4/5

EXAMPLE :

FIND THE SQUARE ROOT OF 121 [11]

FIND THE SQUARE ROOT OF 169 [13]

THEREFORE, =11/13

Source : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DA4QzAvV9JA

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3.1 CUBES AND CUBE ROOTS
PERFECT CUBES

WE CAN FIND PERFECT CUBES BY USING THE METHOD OF PRIME

FACTORISATION. IF THE PRIME FACTORS CAN BE GROUPED INTO
THREE IDENTICAL GROUPS, THEN THE NUMBER IS A PERFECT

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 CUBES OF A NUMBER

NOW, LET‟S TAKE A LOOK AT 5³. WHAT DOES IT MEAN?

5³ IS ALSO REFERRED AS “5 RAISED TO 3” OR “5 CUBED”
TO FIND THE CUBE A OF A NUMBER, MULTIPLY THE NUMBER
BY ITSELF THRICE
SO, 5³ EQUALS TO 5×5×5
THEREFORE, 5³ EQUALS TO 125
REMEMBER, THE CUBE OF ANY NUMBER DEPENDS ON THE
QUESTION (CUBED NUMBER?)
FOR EXAMPLE, A POSITIVE NUMBER [EX. 5³] WILL RESULT IN
A POSITIVE ANSWER [125]
A NEGATIVE NUMBER [EX. -5³] WILL RESULT IN A
NEGATIVE NUMBER [-125]

For more info and guides : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWcl-IsjSOQ

© ELLY 1G - NOT FOR SALE MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 1-4

 CUBE ROOTS

BASICALLY, CUBE ROOTS CAN BE FOUND WHEN A NUMBER MULTIPLIED BY

ITSELF THRICE [CUBED]
FOR EXAMPLE ; 3√27
IT IS FOUND THAT 3√27 IS 3 AS 3×3×3 =27
IN OTHER WAYS, IT CAN ALSO BE EXPRESSED IN ANOTHER FORM LIKE 3³
THE ONLY THING YOU NEED TO DO IS TO TAKE THE ³ AND WRITE IT AS √
AFTERS, MULTIPLY THE BASE NUMBER WITH ITSELF
YOU WILL GET 3√27 WHICH EQUALS TO 3. SEE?

Watch this : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kpnad_I138Y

© ELLY 1G - NOT FOR SALE MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 1-4

 HOW DO I FIND THE CUBE ROOT OF A FRACTION?

EXAMPLE : 3√8/27
KEEP IN MIND THAT
FIRST FIND THE CUBE ROOT OF 8 [2]
THEN FIND THE CUBE ROOT OF 27 [3]
THEREFORE, 3√8/27 = 2/3

Source : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lpEsR22JWI

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CHAPTER 4
RATIOS,
RATES
AND
PROPORTIONS

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 4.1 : RATIOS

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EXPRESSING RATIOS IN THEIR SIMPLEST FORM
SIMPLY DIVIDE THE QUANTITIES BY THE HIGHEST COMMON
FACTOR (HCF) OR MULTIPY THE QUANTITIES BY THE LOWEST
COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM)
EX :
800 G : 1800 G
= 800/1800
= 800 ÷ 200 (HCF) = 4
= 1800 ÷ 200 (HCF) = 9
=4:9

REPRESENTING THE RELATIONSHIP OF THREE QUANTITIES

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 4.2 : RATES

Source: http://rpdp.net/admin/images/uploads/resource_2628.pdf

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 4.3 : PROPORTIONS

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4.4 : RATIOS, RATES AND PROPOTIONS

EXAMPLE :
P : Q = 7:3
Q:R=7:5
FIRST, IDENTIFY THEIR VALUES.
P=7
Q=3
Q=3
R=5
THE QUESTION WANTS THE RATIO OF P:Q:R
THEREFORE, IT IS NOT NECESSARY FOR YOU TO WRITE DOWN Q TWICE
SO, P: Q : R = 7 : 3 : 5

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 IDENTIFY THE KEYWORDS
THE RATIO OF FLOUR TO THE WATER = 5 : 3
FLOUR = 5
WATER = 3
5 PART OF THE FLOUR = 480 G
1 PART = ?
= 480 G ÷ 5
= 96 G [1 PART OF WATER]
= 96 G X 3 [PARTS OF WATER]
= 288 G #

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 420 TIMES = 4 MINUTES
? TIMES = 12 MINUTES
= ? X 4 = 12
=3
= 420 TIMES X 3
= 1260 TIMES IN 12 MINUTES

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4.5 : RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RATIOS, RATES AND PROPORTIONS,
WITH PERCENTAGES, FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS

GIRLS : 3
TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS : 5
= 3/5 X 20
= 60%

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© ELLY 1G - NOT FOR SALE MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 1-4
CHAPTER 5
ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS

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5.1 : VARIABLES AND ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

VARIABLES
VARIABLES ARE LETTERS USED TO REPRESENT THE „UNKNOWN‟ IN
A QUESTION
EXAMPLE : +5=8
THE BOX CAN ALSO BE WRITTEN IN THE FORM OF A LETTER
(VARIABLE)
FOR EXAMPLE, THE LETTER Z
SO, IT CAN BE WRITTEN AS Z + 5 = 8
THEREFORE, „Z‟ IS A VARIABLE
YOU CAN USE ANY LETTER AS A VARIABLE

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 COEFFICIENT

IS A NUMBER THAT IS MULTIPLIED WITH A VARIABLE

EX : 2 × y
= 2y
THEREFORE, 2 IS THE COEFFICIENT OF y
EX : 5xy
WHAT IS THE COEFFICIENT OF xy?
=5

CONSTANT
A CONSTANT IS A NUMBER/FIXED VALUE
EXAMPLE : 2, -3, 5

TERMS
IS EITHER A VARIABLE (ex. Y) , CONSTANT (EX. 7) OR CONSTANT
AND VARIABLES MULTIPLIED TOGETHER (EX 5x)
TERMS ARE SEPARATED WITH A PLUS (+) OR A MINUS (-) SYMBOL
AND BECOMES EXPRESSIONS
IF THERE IS A MULTIPLY (×) OR A DIVIDE (÷) SYMBOL, IT IS
CATEGORIZED AS ONLY ONE TERM
EXAMPLE :
5xy + 10z = THIS EXPRESSION HAS 2 TERMS ( 5 xy, 10z )
5xy ÷ 10z = THIS EXPPRESSION ONLY 1 TERM

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 TERMS

LIKE UNLIKE
TERMS TERMS

-HAS SIMILAR -HAVE

VARIABLES WITH DIFFERENT
SIMILAR POWER VARIABLES
- ONLY THEIR -HAVE SIMILAR
COEFFICIENTS VARIABLES
ARE DIFFERENT WITH
-CONSTANTS DIFFERENT
POWERS

EXAMPLES OF LIKE TERMS EXAMPLES OF UNLIKE TERMS

3y and 5y » 3ab and 4ba

1 and 2 » 3ab³ and 3 ab²
3y² and 9y² » 2x and 19a²

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 EQUATION
WHEN WE PUT AN EQUAL SIGN (=) INTO EXPRESSION, IT BECOMES
AN EQUATION
EXAMPLE : 5x + 6y =

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5.2 : ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS INVOLVING BASIC ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS

COMBINING LIKE TERMS

EXAMPLE : 5 x + 5 x
JUST IGNORE THE VARIABLE AND ADD THE COEFFICIENTS
TOGETHER (5 + 5)
= 10
PUT THE VARIABLE NEXT TO THE NUMBER
= 10x

SUBTRACTING LIKE TERMS

EXAMPLE : 6x – 1x
JUST IGNORE THE VARIABLE AND SUBTRACT THE COEFFICIENTS
=5
PUT BACK THE VARIABLE
=5x

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COMBINING LIKE TERMS INVOLVING CONSTANTS
EXAMPLE : 2x + 3x + 1
GROUP THE LIKE TERMS
COMBINE THE LIKE TERMS (2x + 3x = 5x)
JOIN WITH THE NUMBER WHICH IS + 1 ( MAKE SURE TO ALSO TAKE
THE SYMBOL IN FRONT OF THE NUMBER)
SO, 2x + 3x + 1 = 5x + 1
EXAMPLE 2 :

-5x – 4 + 6x

GROUP THE LIKE TERMS

= -5x + 6x = x
JOIN WITH THE NUMBER
= x-4

EXAMPLE 3

7x – 5x + 3 – 2

GROUP THE LIKE TERMS

7x – 5x = 2x
3-2 = 1
JOIN THE NUMBER
= 2x = 1

EXAMPLE 4

10 + 8x – 6 – 12x

GROUP THE LIKE TERMS

8x – 12 x = -4x
10 – 6 = 4
= -4x+4

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COMBINING LIKE TERMS WITH MORE THAN ONE
VARIABLES
EXAMPLE :

2x + 3x + y + 4y
GROUP THE LIKE TERMS
COMBINE THEM
= 2x + 3x = 5x
y + 4y = 5y
JOIN THEM TOGETHER
= 5x + 5y
EXAMPLE 2:

-5x + 2y + 7x – 6y
GROUP THEM
-5x + 7x
= 2x
2y – 6y
= -4y
= 2x – 4y

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PRODUCT OF THE REPEATED MULTIPLICATION OF
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION

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© ELLY 1G - NOT FOR SALE MATHEMATICS FORM 1 CHAPTER 1-4