Cold wave

A cold wave can cause death and injury to livestock and wildlife. Exposure to cold mandates greater caloric
intake for all animals, including humans, and if a cold wave is accompanied by heavy and persistent snow,
grazing animals may be unable to reach needed food and die of hypothermia or starvation. They often
necessitate the purchase of foodstuffs to feed livestock at considerable cost to farmers.

Heat wave

A heat wave, or heatwave,[1] is a period of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by
high humidity, especially in oceanic climate countries. While definitions vary,[2] a heat wave is usually measured
relative to the usual weather in the area and relative to normal temperatures for the season. Temperatures that
people from a hotter climate consider normal can be called a heat wave in a cooler area if they are outside the
normal climate pattern for that area.[3]

Heat waves form when high pressure aloft (from 10,000–25,000 feet (3,000–7,600 metres)) strengthens and
remains over a region for several days up to several weeks.[16] This is common in summer (in both Northern and
Southern Hemispheres) as the jet stream 'follows the sun'. On the equator side of the jet stream, in the upper
layers of the atmosphere, is the high pressure area.

Droughts

A drought or drouth is an event of prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric (below-
average precipitation), surface water or ground water. A drought can last for months or years, or may be declared
after as few as 15 days.[1] It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected
region[2] and harm to the local economy.[3] Annual dry seasons in the tropics significantly increase the chances of
a drought developing and subsequent bush fires. Periods of heat can significantly worsen drought conditions by
hastening evaporation of water vapour.
Drought is a recurring feature of the climate in most parts of the world.

Tornadors

A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and
a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. The windstorm is often referred to as
a twister, whirlwind or cyclone,[1] although the word cyclone is used in meteorology to name a weather system
with a low-pressure area in the center around which, from an observer looking down toward the surface of the
earth, winds blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern.[2] Tornadoes
come in many shapes and sizes, and they are often visible in the form of a condensation funnel originating from
the base of a cumulonimbus cloud, with a cloud of rotating debris and dust beneath it. Most tornadoes have wind
speeds less than 110 miles per hour (180 km/h), are about 250 feet (80 m) across, and travel a few miles
(several kilometers) before dissipating. The most extreme tornadoes can attain wind speeds of more than 300
miles per hour (480 km/h), are more than two miles (3 km) in diameter, and stay on the ground for dozens of
miles (more than 100 km).[3][4][5]
Various types of tornadoes include the multiple vortex tornado, landspout, and waterspout. 
A tornado is not necessarily visible; however, the intense low pressure caused by the high wind speeds (as
described by Bernoulli's principle) and rapid rotation (due to cyclostrophic balance) usually cause water vapor in
the air to condense into cloud droplets due to adiabatic cooling. This results in the formation of a visible funnel
cloud or condensation funnel.[

A tornado is "a violently rotating column of air, in contact with the ground, either pendant from a cumuliform
cloud or underneath a cumuliform cloud, and often (but not always) visible as a funnel cloud".[16] For a vortex to be
classified as a tornado, it must be in contact with both the ground and the cloud base. Scientists have not yet
created a complete definition of the word; for example, there is disagreement as to whether separate touchdowns
of the same funnel constitute separate tornadoes.[5] Tornado refers to the vortex of wind, not the condensation
cloud.[17][18]

Thunder storm
A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm or a lightning storm, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and
its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder.[1]Relatively weak thunderstorms are sometimes
called thundershowers.[2] Thunderstorms occur in a type of cloud known as a cumulonimbus. They are usually accompanied by strong
winds, and often produce heavy rain and sometimes snow, sleet, or hail, but some thunderstorms produce little precipitation or no
precipitation at all.
Wild fire
A wildfire, wildland fire or rural fire is an uncontrolled fire in an area of
combustible vegetation occurring in rural areas.[1] Depending on the type of vegetation present, a
wildfire can also be classified more specifically as a brush fire, bushfire, desert fire, forest fire, grass
fire, hill fire, peat fire, vegetation fire, or veld fire. [2]

Wildfires can be characterized in terms of the cause of ignition, their physical properties, the
combustible material present, and the effect of weather on the fire. Wildfires can cause damage to
[5]

property and human life, although naturally occurring wildfires may have beneficial effects on native
vegetation, animals, and ecosystems that have evolved with fire.

Space disaster

spaceflight-related accidents and incidents

This article lists verifiable spaceflight-related accidents and incidents resulting in fatality or near-fatality during flight or training for
manned space missions, and testing, assembly, preparation or flight of manned and unmanned spacecraft. Not included are accidents
or incidents associated with intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) tests, unmanned space flights not resulting in fatality or serious
injury, or Soviet or Germanrocket-powered aircraft projects of World War II. Also not included are alleged unreported Soviet space
accidents, which are considered fringe theories by a majority of historians.
As of 2018, there have been 14 astronaut and 4 cosmonaut fatalities during spaceflight. [1][2] Astronauts have also died while training for
space missions, such as the Apollo 1 launch pad fire which killed an entire crew of three. There have also been some non-astronaut
fatalities during spaceflight-related activities.

Solarflare
A solar flare is a sudden flash of increased brightness on the Sun, usually observed near its surface and in close proximity to
a sunspot group. Powerful flares are often, but not always, accompanied by a coronal mass ejection. Even the most powerful flares are
barely detectable in the total solar irradiance (the "solar constant").[1]
Solar flares occur in a power-law spectrum of magnitudes; an energy release of typically 10 20 joules of energysuffices to produce a
clearly observable event, while a major event can emit up to 10 25 joules.[2]