ASSIGNMENT 2

AE40006/AE61048 : Composite Structures

Submitted By:
Dev Prakash [16AE30001]
GROUP A
 ASSIGNMENT 2

(a) Write a computer program to calculate the ABD matrix for a general laminate
and validate the ABD matrix for various lamination sequence as per the
following information in the Table

Group Laminate Type Elastic Behavior

A On-Axis laminate (all plies Orthotropic and Uncoupled

oriented either in 0o or 90 o

Material Properties (T300/5208) Carbon/Epoxy Composite

E11 = 181 GPa, E22 = 10.3 GPa, G12 = 7.17 GPa, X11t = 1500 MPa,
X11c = 1500 MPa, X22t = 40 MPa, X22c = 246 MPa,
X6 = 68 MPa,  = 1600 Kg/m3, 12 = 0.28

(b) Consider a simply supported T300/5208 composite beam of length = 500

mm, width = 20 mm and Thickness = 2 mm subjected to central
concentrated load of 500 N. Calculate stress distribution and plot the stress
variation at the center of the beam and also failure index at each lamina for
above mentioned lamination sequence
 CONTENT

• ABD Matrix Calculations

• Observations and Results

• Stress distribution and Failure Index Calculations

• Results and Observation

• MATLAB Code
• ABD Matrix Calculation

1. Transformed stiffness matrix is computed using the following relations,

transformation matrix [T] is computed for orientation of ply

[T] =
Cos2ϴ Sin2ϴ -2Sinϴ Cosϴ
Sin2ϴ Cos2ϴ 2Sinϴ Cosϴ
Sinϴ Cosϴ -Sinϴ Cosϴ Cos2ϴ - Sin2ϴ

Q11 Q12 0
[Q] =
Q12 Q22 0
0 0 Q33

Transformed Matrix
for each ply [Q] = [T] -1 [Q][T]

[Q]
2. Once for each ply local stiffness matrix is computed then each term of
ABD matrix is computed. [Q]
𝑛
1 3
D = ( ) ∑[Q]𝑘 (𝑍𝑘+1 − 𝑍𝑘3 )
3
𝑘=0

𝑛
1 2
B = ( ) ∑[Q]𝑘 (𝑍𝑘+1 − 𝑍𝑘2 )
2
𝑘=0

A = ∑[Q]𝑘 (𝑍𝑘+1 − 𝑍𝑘 )
𝑘=0

Where k is index of each layer, z is the

thickness of each layer from the centerline,
[Q] is the transformed matrix, and B is
Extension Bending coupling, A Direct Shear
coupling and D is Bend Twist coupling.
• Observation and Results

o Stiffness matrix follows the similar patterns Bij = 0, Aij = hQij, Dij =
(h3/12)Qij with A16=A26=0, as expected from the symmetric laminate
with all the plies with same orientation. ϴ = 0 degree

362.00 5.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

5.80 20.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 14.34 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 120.67 1.93 0.00 GPa
0.00 0.00 0.00 1.93 6.90 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.78

B Extension Bending coupling

A Direct Shear coupling
D Bend Twist coupling

• Stress Distribution and Failure Index

Consider a simply supported T300/5208 composite beam of length (L) = 500

mm, width(b) = 20 mm and Thickness(h) = 2 mm subjected to central
concentrated load (P) of 500 N.

The bending moment, M, along the length of the beam can

be determined from the moment diagram. The bending
moment at any location along the beam can then be used
to calculate the bending stress over the beam's cross
section at that location. The bending moment varies over
the height of the cross section according to the flexure formula

where M is the bending moment at the location of interest along the beam's
length, Ic is the centroidal moment of inertia of the beam's cross section,
and y is the distance from the beam's neutral axis to the point of interest along
the height of the cross section. The negative sign indicates that a positive
moment will result in a compressive stress above the neutral axis.
 Stress Distribution will look like the following way, the orientation of each ply
in the given case is 0 degree.

Bending moment at the centre will be 62.5 N-m and moment of inertia along with the
centreline 1.33 X 10-11 m-3, and centreline belongs between 8 and 9 where y = 0 m, and
there is an increment of 0.0625 mm is considered for centre of each layer.
Failure Index distribution is as followed,
Layer Bending Stress(GPa) Maximum Stress (GPa) Failure Index
1 4.103 1.500 2.735
2 3.517 1.500 2.344
3 2.930 1.500 1.954
4 2.344 1.500 1.563
5 1.758 1.500 1.172
6 1.172 1.500 0.781
7 0.586 1.500 0.391
8 0.293 1.500 0.195
9 -0.293 -2.460 0.119
10 -0.586 -2.460 0.238
11 -1.172 -2.460 0.476
12 -1.758 -2.460 0.715
13 -2.344 -2.460 0.953
14 -2.930 -2.460 1.191
15 -3.517 -2.460 1.429
16 -4.103 -2.460 1.668
• Results And observation

o It is evident the layer 8 and 9 will fail first, considering layers failure
index, which is considerably low in comparison to other.
o Given case of orthotropic and uncoupled laminate given, where
orientation of each ply is zero degree, the calculation was simplified.
▪ In case the orientation was different, then approach would have
been different.
▪ In that case, first we would be computing global strain for the
laminate
▪ Followed by computing transformed strains, which will be used
to compute local stresses which is computed using transformed
local stiffness matrix.

• MATLAB Code

%ABD Matrix
n=16 %no. of layers
for i=1:n
thita(i)=0
t(i)=0.125
end
Q0(:,:,1)=[181 2.9 0;2.9 10.35 0;0 0 7.17] %Computed as separate code
H=0
for i=1:n
H=H+t(i)
Q0(:,:,i)=Q0(:,:,1)
end
A=zeros(3,3)
B=zeros(3,3)
D=zeros(3,3)
h(1)=-H/2
for i=1:n
h(i+1)=h(i)+t(i)
[T1,T2]=stress_transform(thita(i))
Q1(:,:,i)=inv(T1)*Q0(:,:,i)*T2
A=A+Q1(:,:,i)*(h(i+1)-h(i))
B=B+1/2*Q1(:,:,i)*(h(i+1)^2-h(i)^2)
D=D+1/3*Q1(:,:,i)*(h(i+1)^3-h(i)^3)
end
C=[A B;B D]

function [T1,T2]=stress_transform(alpha)
T1=[(cos(alpha))^2,(sin(alpha))^2,2*(cos(alpha))*(sin(alpha));
(sin(alpha))^2,(cos(alpha))^2,-2*(cos(alpha))*(sin(alpha));
-(cos(alpha))*(sin(alpha)),(cos(alpha))*(sin(alpha)),(cos(alpha))^2-
(sin(alpha))^2]
T2=[(cos(alpha))^2,(sin(alpha))^2,(cos(alpha))*(sin(alpha));
(sin(alpha))^2,(cos(alpha))^2,-(cos(alpha))*(sin(alpha));
-2*(cos(alpha))*(sin(alpha)),2*(cos(alpha))*(sin(alpha)),(cos(alpha))^2-
(sin(alpha))^2]
end