HEAT TRANSFER

Lecture 23: Internal Flow Convection

March 31 2020
 Internal Flow Convection

Implications of Internal Flow

✤ Reynold of transition between laminar and turbulent is 2300.

✤ The velocity used to calculate the Re number is the average

velocity of the flow.
Internal Flow: Mean Temperature

Is the reference temperature for this type of problem

(Evaluation of fluid properties).

For a circular tube with a fluid with constant properties, the

mean temperature can be determined by:

Newton’s cooling law for internal heat fluxes can be written as:
 Internal Flow: Mean Temperature
Distribution
Determining how the mean temperature varies is important in the analysis of internal flows.

A differential equation can be obtained by using an energy balance to obtain the mean temperature
distribution:

For a constant surface heat flux boundary condition the solution to the above differential equation
is:
 Internal Flow: Mean Temperature
Distribution
For a constant surface temperature boundary condition, the solution of the previous differential equation
is:

The logarithmic nature of this mean temperature difference is

due to the exponential nature of the decrease in temperature.
 Internal Flow: Mean Temperature
Distribution
In many applications, it is the temperature of an external fluid, rather than the temperature
of the surface, that is known.

In such cases, it is easily shown that the results of this section can still be used if Ts is
replaced by Tinf (the free stream temperature of the external fluid) and h is replaced by U
(the global heat transfer coefficient).
Problem 1
Problem 1: Solution
Problem 1: Solution