1–

Jack and Jill want to rent separate apartments on the third floor of a new building by the river. The
building has nine apartments available, numbered 301, 302,. . . , 309. The odd-numbered apartments
have a river view, and the even-numbered apartments do not. Jill will only rent an apartment with a
river view, and Jack does not care about the view. How many distinct possibilities exist for the pair of
apartments they end up renting?

Solution here >

Let
A= set of apartments of third floor
B= Set of odd-numbered apartments
C= Set of even-numbered apartments
A {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
B {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
C {2, 4, 6, 8}
=n (A)=9 n(B)= 5 n(C)= 4

= (A ∩ B)x(C)
= 5x 4
= 20
2–
n ≥ 2 distinguishable Hogwarts students participate in Professor Snape’s experiment. Each student is
given potion A, or philter B, or neither, or both. We know that Harry and Hermione are the only students
among the n that are given both A and B. In how many distinct ways could Snape have distributed his
experimental liquids?

Solution here >

n≥2
A U B U {∅} U AB
n(A)
n(B)
n({∅})
n(AB)
3–
Prove that for all integers x, if x is odd and x ≥ 3, then x 2 − 1 is divisible by 8.

Solution here >

If x is odd, then there exists k∈Z, such that x=2k+1. Therefore:
x2−1=(2k+1)2−1=4k2+4k+1−1=4k2+4k=8×k(k+1)2
k(k+1) is even, since either k or k+1 is even. Thus we can write it as 2n where n∈Z, so now we
obtain:
x2−1=8/2n/2=8n
Therefore x2−1 is divisible by 8.
4–
(a) A number n ∈ N is called perfect if the sum of all of n’s factors other than n itself is equal to n.
For example, 6 is perfect because its factors are 1, 2, 3, and 6, and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6. Prove that there
are no perfect prime numbers.
 (b) Let m, n ∈ Z +, and suppose that m is a factor of both n and n + 1. Prove that m = 1.

Solution here >

a. Proof.
Let N = l1 e1 l2 e2 · · · ls es for some primes l1, l2, . . . , ls. Since N is odd, all li are odd. Finally,
σ(N) = 2N. Since σ(N) = σ(l1 e1 l2 e2 · · · ls es ) = σ(l1 e1 )σ(l2 e2 )· · · σ(ls es ), we take a look at σ(l
e ) = 1 + l + l 2 + . . . + l e , a sum of e + 1 odd numbers. This is odd only if e is even. Since σ(l1 e1
l2 e2 · · ·ls es ) = σ(l1 e1 )σ(l2 e2 )· · · σ(ls es ) = 2l1 e1 l2 e2 · · · ls es , we can only get one factor
of 2. So the ei are even, all except one, say e1. So N = l1 e1 p1 2a1 · · · pr 2ar . We have 2 | σ(l1
e1 ) but 4 ∤ σ(l1 e1 ). Since l1 is odd, e1 is odd. Now, modulo 4, we see that either l1 ≡ 1 (mod 4)
or l1 ≡ −1 (mod 4). But if l1 ≡ −1 (mod 4), then σ(l1 e1 ) = 1 + l1 + l1 2 + l1 3 + . . . + l1 e1−1 + l1 e1
≡ 1 + (−1) + 1 + (−1) + . . . + 1 + (−1) ≡ 0 (mod 4), which is clearly a contradiction since 4 ∤ σ(l1 e1 ).
Thus, l1 ≡ 1 (mod 4). Now, σ(l1 e1 ) = 1 + l1 + l1 2 + l1 3 + . . . + l1 e1−1 + l1 e1 ≡ 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + . . .
+ 1 + 1 ≡ e1 + 1 (mod 4). Since e1 is odd, either e1 + 1 ≡ 0 (mod 4) or e1 + 1 ≡ 2 (mod 4). If e1 + 1
≡ 0 (mod 4), then 4 | σ(l1 e1 ) which is again a contradiction. 34 So e1 + 1 ≡ 2 (mod 4) ⇔ e1 + 1 =
4e + 2, that is, e1 = 4e + 1. Consequently, N = q 4e+1p1 2a1 · · · pr 2ar , for q ≡ 1 (mod 4).
b.
Let n be an integer. Suppose a | n and a | (n + 1). Then as = n and at = n + 1 for some s, t ∈ Z. But
1 = (n + 1) − n = at − as = a(t − s) therefore a divides 1. Therefore the only common divisors of n
and n + 1 are 1 and −1.
5–
(a) Give an example of three distinct (no two are the same), nonempty sets A, B, C such that • there
are elements that are common to A and B; • every element of A that is also in B must also be in
C; • there are elements in B that are not in C.
(b) Let A be an arbitrary set such that {∅} ∈ A and {∅} ⊆ A. List four distinct subsets of A.
(c) Define the following set using set builder notation: {0, 1, 64}.
(d) Give examples of three sets A, B, C ⊆ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} such that A and B are disjoint, A \ C = {1,
3, 7}, B ∪ C = {2, 4, 5, 6}, |A| = 5, and B \ C 6= ∅

Solution here >

a.

A {1, 2, 3,} B {4, 3, 2} C {3, 2, 1}

b.
If A {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, then the four subset would be {1}, {1, 2, 3}, {1, 2, 4} and {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
c.
{x∈ Z|64≥x≥1}
d.
A{1,3,5,7} B{2,4,5,6} C{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
6–
(a) Let S be the set {a, b, c, d}. What is its power set 2S ?
(b) Let A = {2, 3}, B = {3, 4, 5}, and C = {3, 5, 7, 9}. What is A × (B ∩ C)?

Solution here >

a. Power set= 24
 {{Null set}, {a}, {b}, {c}, {d}, {a, a}, {a, b}, {a, c}, {a, d}, {b, b}, {b, a}, {b, c}, {b, d}, {c, c}, {c, a,}, {c, b},
{c, d}, {d ,d}, {d, a}, {d, b}, {d, c}}
b.
2 X (3, 5)

= (6,10)