POWER

MEASUREMEN
T AND
INSTRUMENT
ATION
Dr. Eman Abu Jazar

• Basic of Measurement system
• Error Analysis
• Analog Instrument
 PMMC
Course content
Measurement of Energy
Potonemeter
Instrumentation transformer
Power factor meter
Flux meter

 EMMC Electronic part :

 MI -Q meter
-CRV
 ESV -DVM
 Thermal Instrument - Transducers
 Rectifier type instrument

• Measurement of results
 DC bridge
 AC bridge
 Measurement of L,C,M
 Measuring
System i/p System o/p
Instrument

Error: deviation of
the measured value
from true value
 METHODS OF MEASUREMENT

the unknown
quantity is establish an empirica
measured relation between the
directly
actual measured
quantity and the
desired parameter

Ex: Measurement of
current by an
ammeter.
Ex: measurement of weight by a balance
MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND ITS ELEMENTS
CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS
 Indicating Recording
Integrating Instruments
Instruments Instrument
Display Display
s & Display, Recording and
Recording cumulative addition
only
_Gives reading only when - records the gives the total amount of
connected to supply magnitude of the the quantity to be measured
_No storing capacity , Ex: quantity to be over a specified period of
PMMC measure I , V measured time
continuously over a Ex: Energy Meter
Meggar measure R
specified period of Power analyzer
time.
- EX : Medical devices
and Patients
monitoring ( ECG)
-
 Indicating
Instruments

For satisfactory operation electromechanical indicating instrument, three forces are necessary.
(a) Deflecting force
(b) Controlling force
(c)Damping force

Deflecting force
deflecting system converts an electrical signal to a mechanical force
Controlling force

Two functions of the controlling force :

o produce a torque equal and opposite to the deflecting torque at the final steady
position of the pointer in order to make the deflection of the pointer definite for a
particular magnitude of current ( o/p proportional to i/p)
• To bring the moving system back to its zero position when the force causing the
instrument moving system to deflect is removed
Damping force
Due to inertia produced by deflection and controlling forces in this system, the pointer oscillates
about it final steady position before coming to rest. The time required to take the measurement is
more. To damp out the oscillation
is quickly, a damping force is necessary. This force is produced by different systems.
(a) Air friction damping
(b) Fluid friction damping
(c) Eddy current damping
The signals of an analog unit vary in a
continuous fashion and can take on infinite
number of values in a given range
Ex: ammeter and voltmeters
Signals varying in discrete steps and taking on a finite
number of different values in a given range are digital
signals
Advantages: high speed , accuracy, high speed of operation
Ex: digital multimeter