Professional Documents
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UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION
• 2 Marks
1. What is disaster?
Defines Disaster as "any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life,
deterioration of health and health services, on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from
outside the affected community or area"
A tropical cyclone is composed of a system of thunderstorms that shows a cyclonic rotation around a
central core or eye. A tropical cyclone is a generic term for a storm with an organized system of thunderstorms
that are not based on a frontal system.
5. What is hazard?
A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or environment. Most hazards
are dormant or potential, with only a theoretical risk of harm; however, once a hazard becomes "active", it can
create an emergency situation. A hazard does not exist when it is not happening. A hazardous situation that has
come to pass is called an incident. Hazard and vulnerability interact together to create risk.
6. Define Vulnerability?
Vulnerability refers to the inability to withstand the effects of a hostile environment. A window of
vulnerability (WoV) is a time frame within which defensive measures are reduced, compromised or lacking
Types
Social vulnerability
Military vulnerability
7. Define emergency?
Sudden, unexpected, or impending situation that may cause injury, loss of life, damage to the property,
and/or interference with the normal activities of a person or firm and which, therefore, requires immediate
attention and remedial action.
8. What is an avalanche?
Disaster Management – 2 Marks and 16 Marks Page 1
An avalanche can be composed of many different kinds of snow depending on the region, temperature
and weather. It could be compiled of loosely packed light fluffy snow, which can still be very dangerous even
though it may not appear threatening. It could also consist of a thick “slab” which is an area of tightly packed
together snow that separates itself from the surroundings.
A form of natural disaster when there is more water than the lakes, rivers, oceans, or ground can hold.
Humans have always and probably always will depended on forests to a lesser or greater degree. Trees
provide food, shelter from the elements and predators not just to humans but the vast majority of life on land.
Unfortunately the forests resources and appeal is its downfall.
‘Disaster management can be defined as the organization and management of resources and
responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response
and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.’
Types of Avalanches
Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. This
type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare and Biological warfare, which together make up NBC, the
military acronym for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (warfare or weapons). Neither of these falls under the
term conventional weapons which are primarily effective due to their destructive potential. Chemical warfare
does not depend upon explosive force to achieve an objective.
Types:
1.Meteorological,
2. Hydrological,
3. Agricultural and
4. Socioeconomic
Drought is a normal, recurrent feature of climate, although many erroneously consider it a rare and random
event. It occurs in virtually all areas, whatever their normal climate may be, and the characteristics of a drought
may be very different from one region to another. Technically, drought is a “temporary” condition, even though
it may last for long periods of time.
• 16 Marks
1. E x p l a i n t h e t yp e s o f d i s a s t e r s ?
2. D e s c r i b e t h e d i s a s t e r m a n a g e m e n t c y c l e ?
3. Explain various disaster management schemes offered by government of India?
4. E x p l a i n b a s i c t yp e s o f h a z a r d s ?
5. Discuss about present status of mangroves in India?
6. Discuss the role of India in disaster management?
7. Discuss the role of armed forces and other agencies in disaster management?
8. Explain the various facilities required to tackle any disasters?
9. Describes the features and factors involved in disasters?
10. Write about state and national level disaster management programmers?
11. Write about state and International level disaster management programmers?
12. Write about risk analysis & assessment?
13. Explain the key activities in response phase?
14. Explain the principle of risk partnership?
15. Explain in detail about ISDR?
16. Describe the management plan for various disasters?
Relational databases are powerful because they require few assumptions about how data is related or
how it will be extracted from the database. As a result, the same database can be viewed in many different
ways. An important feature of relational systems is that a single
database can be spread across several tables. This differs from flat-file databases, in which each database is self-
contained in a single table.
eg: rdms-->oracle,sql server
3. Define MIS?
A management information system (MIS) provides information which is needed to manage
organizations efficiently and effectively. Management information systems involve three primary resources:
people, technology, and information or decision making. Management information systems are distinct from
other information systems in that they are used to analyze operational activities in the organization.
A decision support system (DSS) is a computer program application that analyzes business data and
presents it so that users can make business decisions more easily. It is an "informational application" (to
distinguish it from an "operational application" that collects the data in the course of normal business
operation).Typical information that a decision support application might gather and present would be:
5. What is Intranets?
Intranet is the generic term for a collection of private computer networks within an organization. An
intranet uses network technologies as a tool to facilitate communication between people or work groups to
improve the data sharing capability and overall knowledge base of an organization's employees.
6. What is extranets?
An extranet is a computer network that allows controlled access from the outside, for specific business
or educational purposes. In a business-to-business context, an extranet can be viewed as an extension of an
organization's intranet that is extended to users outside the organization, usually partners, vendors, and
suppliers, in isolation from all other Internet users
Disaster Management – 2 Marks and 16 Marks Page 6
7. What is video teleconferencing?
The ability of businesses to be able to readily communicate with the rest of world (Both inside and
outside its industry) plays an integral role in the company's survival & success. As the old saying goes, "the
early bird gets the worm." In order for businesses to compete at the highest level, they have to keep themselves
on the cutting edge of technological advancement.
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Remote sensing is the techniques of acquiring raster data (spectral; spatial; physical) from earth or from
any spatial (planets, stars, galaxies, etc) body.
On the other hand GIS is a computer system that can create, edit, store, analyze, visualize data and
particularly reveal relationships among features, their patterns, and trends.
23. What are all the software parts in REMOTE SENSING system? Examples?
Remote Sensing data is processed and analyzed with computer software, known as a remote sensing
application. A large number of proprietary and open source applications exist to process remote sensing data.
According to an NOAA Sponsored Research by Global Marketing Insights, Inc. the most used applications
among Asian academic groups involved in remote sensing are as follows: ERDAS 36% (ERDAS IMAGINE
25% & ERMapper 11%); ESRI 30%; ITT Visual Information Solutions ENVI 17%; MapInfo 17%. Among
Western Academic respondents as follows: ESRI 39%, ERDAS IMAGINE 27%, MapInfo 9%, AutoDesk 7%,
ITT Visual Information Solutions ENVI 17%. Other important Remote Sensing Software packages include:
TNTmips from MicroImages, PCI Geomatica made by PCI Geomatics, the leading remote sensing software
package in Canada, IDRISI from Clark Labs, Image Analyst from Intergraph, and RemoteView made by
Overwatch Textron Systems. Dragon/ips is one of the oldest remote sensing packages still available, and is in
some cases free. Open source remote sensing software includes GRASS GIS, ILWIS, QGIS, OSSIM, Opticks
(software) and Orfeo toolbox.
• 16 Marks
1. Explain the Application of various technologies in Disaster management?
2. Write the contribution of remote sensing and GIS to disaster risk reduction?
3. Explain in detail about the application of MIS and databases in disaster management?
4. Explain in detail about GIS?
5. Explain in detail about remote sensing?
6. Describes the systems that involved in disaster management?
7. Describe the operation in GIS?
8. Write about the disaster databases?
2 . W r i t e t h e o b j e c t i v e s o f T r i g g e r me c h a n i s m?
The Trigger Mechanism requires the disaster managers to:
1. Evolve an effective signal / warning mechanism.
2. Identify activities and their levels.
3. Identify sub-activities under each activity / level of activity.
4. Specify authorities for each level of activity and sub-activity.
5. Determine the response time for each activity.
6. Work out individual plans of each specified authority to achieve the activation as per the
response time.
7. Have Quick Response Teams for each specified authority.
8. Have alternative plans and contingency measures.
9. Provide appropriate administrative and financial delegations to make the response mechanism
functionally viable.
10. Undergo preparedness drills.
5. Write about the disaster risk reduction and its Process involved in it?
Disaster risk reduction is at the core of the mission of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO),
and the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) of its 188 Members. WMO, through its
6 . W h a t i s d i s a s t e r i n f o rm a t i o n n e t w o r k ?
This Knowledge Network is being planned as a "network of networks". It will be a platform to facilitate
an interactive dialogue with all government departments, research institutions, universities, community-based
organizations and even individuals. The network will act as a digital library service and will facilitate access to
global databases and early warning systems in a significant way. The Knowledge Network is designed to give a
fillip to technical cooperation among developing countries and to expand international relationships to include
exchange of information and transfer of technology. Nana disk-Net will also promote e-training and will have
the feature of many languages through translation software.
8. What is NGO?
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a legally constituted organization created by natural
or legal persons that operates independently from any government. The term originated from the United Nations
(UN), and is normally used to refer to organizations that do not form part of the government and are not
conventional for-profit business. In the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments, the
NGO maintains its non-governmental status by excluding government representatives from membership in the
organization.
To provide guidelines for planning, achieving and monitoring progress and effectiveness of disaster
assistance and transition activities funded by the International Disaster Assistance (IDA) account and other
USAID funding which may be designated for this purpose.
The public awareness of the natural and man-made hazards, vulnerabilities, and risk information. It
teaches people that earthquakes or tsunamis are not acts of God, and that risks can be minimized in order to live
safely. Depending on the severity of a disaster, damage to structures, and the availability of communication
facilities, it can be applied at the scene of a disaster as well to help create and/or maintain an effective response
and recovery.
14. Draw the example for disaster information network?
• Disaster information network in the analysis of disaster,
Ex: Disaster information network required in drought,
2. Define epidemics?
Epidemics mean Spreading rapidly and extensively by infection and affecting many individuals
in an area or a population at the same.
3. Define bio-terrorism?
Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents.
These agents are bacteria, viruses, or toxins, and may be in a naturally occurring or a human-modified form. For
the use of this method in warfare, see biological warfare.
Ensure quality at all stages of emergency management including prevention, mitigation, relief and
reconstruction and make their adoption mandatory. For doing so, universally accepted minimum standards will
be adopted. If necessary, the standards would be modified taking into account local conditions and customs.
When it comes to the use of social media in disasters then this can be split up into 3 purposes:
• Advocacy and Fundraising – utilizing social media to interact more closely with people donating and
influencing public opinion
• Information Sharing with affected communities – reaching out during disasters to the affected
community with information about services, threats, etc.
• Information Management – utilizing the social media platforms to collect, process, analyze and
disseminate information required for organizations to do their work
• 12 Marks
1. Critically examine the use of the media in information dissemination?
2. Explain the types of media and their information needs?
3. Analyze the statistical seismology in disaster management?
4. Critically examine the need of quick reconstruction technologies in disaster management?
5. Enumerate the role of media in disasters?
6. Identify the strategies for management of epidemics?
7. Portray the key to sustainable measures in disaster management?
UNIT – V SEISMICITY
• 2 Marks
Disaster Management – 2 Marks and 16 Marks Page 15
1. What is Seismology?
Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through
the Earth or through other planet-like bodies. The field also includes studies of earthquake effects, such as
tsunamis as well as diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, oceanic, atmospheric, and artificial
processes (such as explosions).
6. What is Epicenter?
Epicenter is properly a geological term identifying the point of the earth's surface directly above
the focus of an earthquake. No doubt this is why the Usage Panel approves of figurative extensions of its use in
dangerous, destructive, or negative contexts. Eighty-two percent of the Panel accepts the sentence If Rushdie
were not at the terrifying epicenter of this furor, it is the sort of event he might write about. The Panel is less
fond but still accepting of epicenter when it is used to refer to the focal point of neutral or positive events.
Sixty-two percent approve of the sentence The indisputable epicenter of Cortina's social life is the Hotel de la
Poste, located squarely in the village center.
20. What are the three factors that cause the tsunami?
Tsunamis are caused by earthquakes but causes can also include volcanic eruptions,
landslides or even a comet hitting the sea.
The mountain of water comes back down. This pushes the water that was underneath it outwards.
The force of the water moves through the ocean causing an underwater force that travels for hundreds of
Kilometers. The force of the water can reach speeds of up to 800kmh as it surges through the ocean. The energy
is underwater and is not noticeable on the surface. As this force travels through the ocean it may eventually
reach the shore. At this point, the sea becomes shallower. However, the energy in the water is still the same.
The imagery is compressed and the water is pushed upwards. This is how the energy is transferred from being
underwater into waves on the surface.
• 12 Marks
1. Explain in detail about the Tsunami?
2. Explain in detail about the Earthquakes?
3. How Earthquake is measured and what are all the damages caused by Tsunami?
4. Discuss possible way to mitigate the impact of Earthquakes?
“Success comes to the person who does today, but what we were thinking about
tomorrow”
- Steve jobs