Fundamental unit of Life

Lecture - 2
Vindhya Rao
B.Sc & M.Sc
KSET Qualified
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Multicellular organisms
Unicellular organisms
Types of organisms based on number of cells
Types of organisms based on number of cells
Diversity of cells
 Common Components of the cell

1. Cell membrane
2. Nucleus
3. Cytoplasm
Special component of the cell.
❖ Cell wall.
Ex: Bacteria, Fungi, Plants
 Famous models

1. Sandwich Model of Membrane -Hugh Davson and James Danielli .Unit membrane-
David Robertson
 Famous models

Fluid mosaic model

❖ Singer and Nicholson (1972)-postulated that lipid and
integrated proteins are disposed in a sort of mosaic pattern.

Structure

❖ Lipids - phospholipid, cholesterol.

Proteins - integral and peripheral proteins.
Carbohydrates - glycolipid and glycoprotein.

Function:
Membrane Fluidity, cellular signalling, selectively permeable to
ions and organic molecules, protect the cell from its
surroundings.
Plasma membrane

Discovery: C. Nageli and C. Crammer

Transportation by diffusion

Carrier - mediated facilitated

diffusion via protein carrier
Simple diffusion directly through
specific for one chemical: binding
the phospholipid bilayer
of substrate causes shape change
in transport protein
Transportation by diffusion

Channel-mediated facilitated diffusion Osmosis, diffusion through a specific

through a channel protein mostly ions channel protein (aquaporin) or through
selected on basis of size and charge. the lipid bilayer
 Tonicity

Hypotonic Solution Isotonic solution Hypertonic solution

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