DESIGNED BY - PRS

CHECKED BY -

Design Of Retaining Wall

* All dimensions are in m unless specified
0.30

7.50
Earth Side Water Side

2.50
0.90 1.00
2.30
5.70

C D

A B

Properties
Unit wt. of soil(γe) = 18.00 KN/m3
Saturated Unit wt. of soil(ws) = 22.00 KN/m3
Angle of internal friction of soil(Φ) = 33.00 degree
Unit wt. of masonry = 25.00 KN/m3
Safe Bearing Capacity of soil(SBC) = 200.00 KN/m2
Unit wt. of water,γw = 9.81 KN/m3
Coefficient of friction,m = 0.60
Factor of safety against overturning = 2.00
Factor of safety against Sliding(For earthquake case) = 1.10
Factor of safety against Sliding(For non earthquake case) = 1.50
Depth of soil top surface from top of wall 2.11
Loads Depth of GWT from base = 6.00 m
Weights
Load Value(KN)
W1 337.50
W2 56.25
W3 56.25
W5 142.50
TOTAL 592.50
Earth pressure(Static & Dynamic)
(Ref. Clause 8.1 of IS:1893-1984)

αh = Horizontal Seimic Coefficient.

αv = Vertical seismic coefficient equal to αh/2
Φ = Angle of internal friction of soil

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λ = tan-1[(αh)/(1±αv)]
α = Angle which earth face of the wall makes with the vertical

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ζ = Slope of earth fill
δ = Angle of friction between the wall and earthfill
(wall friction angle,should be taken 2/3 of of Φ IRC-78pp79)

b = Thickness of wall

= (1 ± αv) * cos2 (Φ - λ - α) X 1.00

Ca cos λ * cos2α * cos(δ + α + λ) 1 + sin (Ф + δ) sin (Φ - ζ - λ) 1/2

cos (α - ζ) cos (δ + α + λ)

Putting αh = 0, αv = 0 and λ =0

= (1 ) * cos2 (Φ -α) X 1.00

Ca' 1 * cos2α * cos(δ + α) 1 + sin (Ф + δ) sin (Φ - ζ - λ) 1/2

cos (α - ζ) cos (δ + α )

αh = 0.18
Φ = 33.00 degrees
αv = αh/2 = 0.09
αh 9.38 or 11.19 deg
λ=tan −1 = αh ws
1± αv λ=tan −1 x
1±αv ws−1
α = 0.00 degrees
δ = 22.00 degrees 9.82
ζ = 15.00 degrees
Total Static
Calculation of Active Coefficients
ca ka
(1 + αv) * cos2 (Φ - λ - α) = 0.94 0.70
(1 ± αv) * cos2 (Φ - λ - α)
(1 - αv) * cos2 (Φ - λ - α) = 0.78 0.70

cos λ * cos2α * cos(δ + α + λ) = 0.82 0.93

sin (Ф + δ) sin (Φ - ζ - λ) = 0.10 0.25

cos (α - ζ) cos (δ + α + λ) = 0.81 0.90

Total Ca = 0.63 Total Ca'

Ka = 0.32 Ka'

Cadynamic = Ca - Ka = 0.31 Cadynamic = Ca - =Ka

Maximum static earth pressure = γe*h*Ka = 37.19 KN/m2

=
Pore water pressure
Dynamic earth pressure = γe*h*Cadynamic = 30.08 KN/m2

Load due to static earth pressure(Sepr) = = 84.55 KN

acting at a distance 1/3 of height from bottom

Load due to dynamic earth pressure(Depr) = = 81.06 KN

acting at a distance 1/2 of height from bottom

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Vehicle surcharge
Equivalent to soil surcharge of height,he = 1.50 m
Pressure due to vehicle surcharge,Pvs = castatic*γe*he = 8.73 KN/m2
Load due to vehicle surcharge(Wv) = Pvs * h = 65.48 KN

acting at a distance 1/2 of height from bottom

Lateral Inertia seimic load of wall

Load Cooresponding weight(KN) Seimic Load value (KN)

SLW2 56.25 10.13
SLW3 56.25 10.13
SLW5 142.50 25.65

Vertical Inertia seimic load of wall

Load Cooresponding weight(KN) Seimic Load value (KN)

SVW2 56.25 -5.06
SVW3 56.25 -5.06
SVW5 142.50 -12.83

Vertical Inertia seimic load of Soil

Load Cooresponding weight(KN) Seimic Load value (KN)

SVW1 337.50 -30.38

Stability against Overturning

a) Without earthquake case

Resultant of vertical forces

Moment about
Load Value(KN) CG from B(m) B(KNm)
W1 337.50 4.45 1501.88
W2 56.25 2.70 151.88
W3 56.25 2.45 137.81
W5 142.50 2.85 406.13
Total Wt. 592.50 2197.69 A

CG of resultant from B = 3.71 m

Overturning Moment due to static earth pressure + Vehicle surcharge,Mo = 606.98 KNm
Resisting Moment,Mr = 2197.69 KNm
FOS = Mr/Mo = 3.62
>2 OK
b) With earthquake case

Moment about
Load Value(KN) CG from B(m) B(KNm)
SLW2 10.13 3.50 35.44
SLW3 10.13 4.75 48.09
SLW5 25.65 0.50 12.83
SVW2 -5.06 2.70 -13.67
SVW3 -5.06 2.45 -12.40
SVW5 -12.83 2.85 -36.55
Depr 81.06 4.75 385.01
Total Wt. 58.11 322.39
Overturning moment due to Lateral seimic loads,earth pressure and vehicle
surcharge,Mo =606.98+(10.13x3.50+10.13x4.75+25.65x0.50)+81.06x4.75 = 1088.34 KNm
Resisting moment,Mr =2,197.69+-5.06x2.70+-5.06x2.45+-12.83x2.85 = 2135.06 KNm
FOS = Mr/Mo = 1.96
Change size

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Stability against Sliding

a) Without earthquake case

Sliding Force,Fs = 84.55 KN
Resisiting Force = mR = 355.50 KN
FOS = mR/Fs = 4.20
>1.5 OK
b) With earthquake case
Sliding Force,Fs = 211.51 KN
Resisiting Force = mR = 341.73 KN
FOS = mR/Fs = 1.62
>1.1 OK

Base Pressure Calculation

Mv = moment due to vertical forces
Mh = moment due to horizontal forces
R = Vertical Reaction
e = Eccentrcity of resultant force from centre of foorting
Pressure, P = ((R/L) x (1 +- 6e/L))

a) Without earthquake case

Distance of resultant from B, Lr =(Mv - Mh)/R
(2197.69- (84.55 X (7.50/3 + 1.00) + 65.48 X (7.50 /2 + 1.00) ) ) / 592.50 = 2.68 m

e = Lr - L/2 = -0.17 m Towards B from centre of footing

Pressure at A = 85.87 KN/m2 <SBC,OK
Pressure at B = 122.03 KN/m2 <SBC,OK

STEM
Sepr = 84.55

h/3 HEEL DTOE

C
A B
107.44
85.87 101.73 122.03

b) With earthquake case

Distance of resultant from B, Lr =(Mv - Mh)/R = 2.38 m

e = Lr - L/2 = -0.47 m Towards B from centre of footing

Pressure at A = 50.90 KN/m2 <SBC,OK
Pressure at B = 148.94 KN/m2 <SBC,OK

Depr + Wv = 146.54 STEM

Sepr = 84.55
h/2
h/3
HEEL C TOE
A D B
###
50.90 93.90 148.94

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3.62
1.96
4.20
1.62

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 2.00

2.00

αh ws
λ=tan −1 x
1±αv ws−1
or 11.71

ca' ka'
0.95 0.70

0.79 0.70

0.81 0.93

0.09 0.25

0.80 0.90

0.65
0.32

0.33

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B

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B from centre of footing

B from centre of footing

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 DESIGNED BY - SHIVENDRA KUMAR CHECKED BY - CHETAN AGRAWAL

Design Of Retaining Wall

* All dimensions are in m unless specified
0.30

HFL

7.50
Earth Side Water Side 7.95

3.50
2.00 ###
6.00
11.50
Condition 2 : Water inside power channel, No Earth outside

C D

A B

Properties
Unit wt. of soil(γe) = 22.00 KN/m3
Angle of internal friction of soil(Φ) = 35.00 degree
Unit wt. of concrete = 25.00 KN/m3
Safe Bearing Capacity of soil(SBC) = 407.00 KN/m2
Unit wt. of water,γw = 10.00 KN/m3
Coefficient of friction,m = 0.70
Factor of safety against overturning = 1.40
Factor of safety against Sliding(For earthquake case) = 1.20
Factor of safety against Sliding(For non earthquake case) = 1.40
Loads
Selfweight
Load Value(KN)
W2 159.38
W3 56.25
W4 450.00
W5 287.50
Water pressure(Static & Dynamic)
(Ref. Clause 7.2 of IS:1893-1984 for Hydrodynamic pressure)
αh = Horizontal Seimic Coefficient.
αv = Vertical seismic coefficient equal to 2αh/3
T = 0.20
Sa/g = 3.00 ( Ref. fig. 5 of earthquake report for 0.2 sec natural period)
αh = 0.18 ( Ref. clause 5.4.3 of earthquake report)

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The Hydrodynamic Pressure

p=C S α h wh
The Coefficient varies with shape and depth

Cm Coefficient Calculated from Fig:10

Cm y y y y
C S=
2 h h( ( ) √ ( ))
2− +
h
2−
h
of IS:1893-1984
y Depth of water from surface

w= 10.00 KN/m3
h= 7.95 m
Cm = 0.75 for vertical face of wall
αh = 0.18
αv = 0.12

Element Depth from Cs p(KN/m2)

Height surface, y
7.95 7.95 0.75 10.73

Maximum static Water pressure = γw*h = 79.50 KN/m2

Hydrodynamic pressure at base = 10.73 KN/m2

Load due to static water pressure(Swpr) = 0.5 x79.50 x 7.95 = 316.01 KN

acting at a distance 1/3 of height from bottom

Load due to Hydrodynamic pressure(D wpr) = 2/3 x 10.73 x 7.95 = 56.88 KN

acting at a distance 0.4h of height from bottom

Lateral Inertia seimic load

Load Cooresponding weight(KN) Seimic Load value (KN)

SLW2 159.38 28.69
SLW3 56.25 10.13
SLW5 287.50 51.75

Vertical Inertia seimic load

Load Cooresponding weight(KN) Seimic Load value (KN)

SVW2 159.38 -19.13
SVW3 56.25 -6.75
SVW5 287.50 -34.50

Stability against Overturning

a) Without earthquake case

Resultant of vertical forces

Moment about
Load Value(KN) CG from A(m) A(KNm)
W2 159.38 4.63 738.44
W3 56.25 5.35 300.94
W4 450.00 8.50 3825.00
W5 287.50 5.75 1653.13
Total Wt. 953.13 6517.50

CG of resultant from A = 6.84 m

Overturning Moment due to static water pressure = 1153.45 KNm

Resisting Moment = 6517.50 KNm
FOS = 5.65
>1.4 OK

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b) With earthquake case

Moment about
Load Value(KN) CG from A(m) A(KNm)
SLW2 28.69 3.50 100.41
SLW3 10.13 4.75 48.09
SLW5 51.75 0.50 25.88
SVW2 -19.13 4.63 -88.61
SVW3 -6.75 5.35 -36.11
SVW5 -34.50 5.75 -198.38
Dwpr 56.88 4.18 237.77

Overturning moment due to Lateral seimic loads and water pressure = 1565.59 KNm
Resisting moment = 6194.40 KNm
FOS = 3.96
>1.4 OK
Stability against Sliding

a) Without earthquake case

Sliding Force,Fs = 316.01 KN
Resisiting Force = mR = 667.39 KN
FOS = mR/Fs = 2.11
>1.4 OK
b) With earthquake case
Sliding Force,Fs = 463.46 KN
Resisiting Force = mR = 625.11 KN
FOS = mR/Fs = 1.35
>1.2 OK
Base Pressure Calculation
Mv = moment due to vertical forces
Mh = moment due to horizontal forces
R = Vertical Reaction
e = Eccentrcity of resultant force from centre of foorting
Pressure, P = ((R/L) x (1 +- 6e/L))

a) Without earthquake case

Distance of resultant from A, Lr =(Mv - Mh)/R

Lr = 5.63 m

e = Lr - L/2 = -0.12 m Towards A from centre of footing

Pressure at B = 77.60 KN/m2 <SBC,OK
Pressure at A = 88.16 KN/m2 <SBC,OK

STEM
Swpr = 316.01

HEEL DTOE h/3

C
A B
83.11
88.16 84.95 77.60

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b) With earthquake case
Distance of resultant from A, Lr =(Mv - Mh)/R
Lr = 5.18 m

e = Lr - L/2 = -0.57 m Towards A from centre of footing

Pressure at B = 54.74 KN/m2 <SBC,OK
Pressure at A = 100.52 KN/m2 <SBC,OK

STEM
Dwpr= 56.88
Swpr = 316.01
0 h/3
HEEL C TOE
A D B
78.63
100.52 86.59 54.74

Design
a) Bending Moment and Shear stress Calculations
* -ve load indicates downward load
* Deductions are due to selfweight and weight of water
* Lever arm distance is the distance of CG of load to the point about which moment is considered
* Shear stress calculated at a distance d from face of concrete

Load due to earth Shear

bottom Load Point about which Moment( Stress(N/
Component pressure(KN) Deduction(KN) Net Load(KN) mom. Is taken Lever arm distance(m) KNm) mm2)
Heel Slab 327.44 87.50 239.94 About C 1.79 430.31 0.20
Toe slab 400.10 627.00 -226.90 About D 2.82 640.06 0.21
Stem
Dwpr 56.88 About C 3.18 180.89
Swpr 316.01 About C 2.65 837.43
Total for stem = 1018.32 0.15

b) Reinforcement Calculations
Grade of concrete used M 25
Grade of Steel used Fe 415

Reinforcement for stem Water side

Moment(Mu) dr dp τv τc Mu/bd2 pt main Astr

(kN-m) (mm) (mm) N/mm2 N/mm2 % mm2

1221.98 595.14519383 1909 0.18 0.29 0.335315 0.085 1622.65

Provide T32 @ 495 c/c
1624.74 mm2
Reinforcement for Heel Slab

Moment(Mu) dr dp τv τc Mu/bd2 pt main Astr

2 2
(kN-m) (mm) (mm) N/mm N/mm % mm2

516.37 386.87516659 909 0.2345 0.29 0.624932 0.1 909

Provide T25 @ 540 c/c
909.03 mm2

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Reinforcement for Toe Slab

Moment(Mu) dr dp τv τc Mu/bd2 pt main Astr

(kN-m) (mm) (mm) N/mm2 N/mm2 % mm2

768.07 471.8360968 909 0.2542 0.29 0.929552 0.06 545.4

Provide T32 @ 1470 c/c
547.11 mm2

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b) Permissible stresses
Permissible
Material Grade stresses Remarks
N/mm2
In compression (bending
Concrete 25.00 8.50 Ref. Table21 IS456)
In compression(direct Ref.
Concrete 25.00 6.00 Table21 IS456)
Away from Liquid retaining
face(Table2
Steel 415.00 190.00 IS3370(part2))
near to Liquid retaining
face(Table2
Steel 415.00 150.00 IS3370(part2))
Resistance to
cracking(tension due to
bending) :table 1
Concrete 25.00 1.80 ,IS3370(II)
Resistance to
cracking( Direct
tension ) :table 1
Concrete 25.00 1.30 ,IS3370(II)

c) Material Properties
σcb = 8.50 N/mm2
σst = 150.00 N/mm2
Modular ratio = 280/3σcb = 10.98
N = 1 / (1+ σst/mσcb) = 0.38
j = 1- N/3 = 0.87

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d) Heel slab Design
Max. Bending Moment = 430.31 kN-m
Overall Depth required,D = sqrt(6.M/σcb.b) = = 551.13 mm
Depth Provided = 1000.00 mm
Dia. Of rebar = 32.00 mm
Clear Cover = 75.00 mm
Effective depth,d = 909.00 mm
Ast req = M/(σst.j.d) = 3618.55 mm2 per mr
Provide 32.00 220.00 bottom steel
Ast prov = = 3655.67 mm2 per mr
100Ast/bd = = 0.40
Shear stress at a distance d = 0.20 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress = 0.20 N/mm2 (Table 23, IS:456-2000)
OK
e) Toe slab Design
Max. Bending Moment = 640.06 kN-m
Overall Depth required,D = sqrt(6.M/σcb.b) = = 672.17 mm
Depth Provided = 1000.00 mm
Dia. Of rebar = 32.00 mm
Clear Cover = 75.00 mm
Effective depth,d = 909.00 mm
Ast req = M/(σst.j.d) = 5382.40 mm2 per mr
Provide 32.00 145.00
Ast prov = = 5546.54 mm2 per mr
100Ast/bd = = 0.61
Shear stress at a distance d = 0.21 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress = 0.19 N/mm2 (Table 23, IS:456-2000)
Change Depth
f) Stem Design
Max. Bending Moment = 1018.32 kN-m
Overall Depth required,D = sqrt(6.M/σcb.b) = = 847.83 mm
Depth Provided = 2000.00 mm
Dia. Of rebar = 32.00 mm
Clear Cover = 75.00 mm
Effective depth,d = 1909.00 mm
Ast req = M/(σst.j.d) = 4077.53 mm2 per mr
Provide 32.00 195.00
Ast prov = = 4124.35 mm2 per mr
100Ast/bd = = 0.22
Shear stress at a distance d = 0.15 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress = 0.20 N/mm2 (Table 23, IS:456-2000)
OK
Check For Crack width in STEM

( Ref. Pillai andn Menon: Page-369)

Permissible Bening Compressive Stress in Concrete = 8.50 N/sq.mm. for M25 grade
(Ref: IS 456:2000, table 21, page 81)

Since we are considering stresses due to Earthquake , the stresses specified above has been exceeded upto a limit of 33.333 percent.
(Ref: IS 456:2000, Section B-2.3, page 80)
=> m = 10.98
D = 2000.00 mm
b = 1000.00 mm
d = 1909.00 mm
Ast = 4124.35 sq.mm
Asc = 5744.63 sq.mm
d' = 91.00 mm.
Clear Cover = 75.00 mm
Spacing = 195.00 mm
p = 0.22

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p' = 0.30

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Taking moments of areas of the cracked-transformed section about NA

k=[m2 (p+1.5p)2+2m(p+1.5p'd'/d)0.5-m(p+1.5p')] = 0.35

=> kd = 663.74

Es = 200000.00 N/mm^2

* Tensile Stress in Steel Under Service Load

fst = m * M(d-kd) / Icr

Moment due to service Load M = 1018.32 KN.m

Icr = 1.87E+11 mm4

=> fst = 74.66 Mpa.

Which is less than σst = 230 Mpa
Crck width Calculation

Єm = (1/Es) * [(D-kd)/(d-kd)]*[ fst - {bt (D-kd)/(3*Ast)}]

= 0.00

Cmin. = 75.00 mm

=> acr = 123.01 mm

wcr = (3*acr*Єm) / [1+{2*(acr-cmin) / (D-kd)}]

= -0.06 mm.

As per IS 456:2000 Clause No. 35.3.2 Permissible Limit for cracking is 0.2 mm.

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