Fundamentals and Applications of Course Wave Division Multiplexing (CWDM)

TECHNET
Fundamentals and Applications of

Course Wave Division Multiplexing
(CWDM)
+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

Agenda
• WDM Technology Overview
• What are the features/benefits for CWDM
• Real-World Use Case/Examples
• CWDM vs. DWDM
• Summary

WDM Defined
 Wavelength Division Multiplexing . . .
. . . a technology which multiplexes multiple optical carrier

signals on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths
(colors) of light to carry each individual signal

Why WDM Technology ?
• Traditionally
– Each fiber connection requires two strands of fiber
• one for TX and one for RX
• Fully Consumed
– What do you do when all of your installed fiber is used up
and you need to add more links?
• Install more fiber?
• Lease more fiber?
• Deploy WDM Technology
• Fiber Exhaustion
– Is the primary driver for the use of WDM technology
WDM Analogy
Highway analogy for WDM:

If we increase the number of lanes on a highway, we
can increase the volume of traffic. Each lane has the
same capacity and speed limit as before, but our
capacity is increased by the factor equal to the
number of lanes
Alternatives to increase capacity

 Building a new highway = installing more fiber
 Increasing the speed limit = upgrading from FE to Gigabit

Qualifications
• Increase capacity between locations using the existing fiber

• Create more connections over fiber that’s been exhausted
• Support multiple protocols (DS1, DS3, Ocx, GE, 10G), all running on
same fiber pair
• Customer’s existing network equipment utilized
• Solution is all “Passive” not requiring any active electronics or power
• Solution can be used either Point to Point or as an Optical Add/Drop
Multiplexer (OADM) deployment
• Customer Equipment fixed optics can be converted to CWDM optics

WDM Principle – Multiplexing/Demultiplexing
1 1
2 2
Demultiplexer
Multiplexer 1, 2, 3, 4
3
3
4 4

Support for WDM
• A wide variety of communication environments

support WDM technology
– Fast Ethernet - OC-3/FDDI/ATM

– 10/100 - RS232
– Gigabit Ethernet - RS422/485
– 10/100/1000 - High Speed Serial
– Ethernet NIDs - NICs
– T1/E1 - SFPs
– DS3/E3 - Industrial Ethernet

WDM Types
3 Types WDM Technology
Type Channels Channel Remarks

spacing
WWDM 2 100 nm or - Typically 1310nm and 1550nm

more - Inexpensive
- Can be done by transceiver
CWDM 4 - 16 20nm - Higher channel counts than WWDM
- Lower cost than DWDM
- Passive optical components – Mux/DeMux
DWDM 8 - 160 0.8 or 1.6 - Max 16 ch. for passive OC
nm - Active solutions add management and
other features

WWDM Transceiver
 Wideband WDM can sometimes be referred to as WWDM
 Typically 2 wavelengths – 1310nm and 1490/1550nm

 Analogy: Two lane country road – one lane in each direction
 Bi-directionally, over one strand of fiber
 Offers potential to double the fiber capacity of existing network
 Available in SFP modules and in fixed optics
WDM WDM

WWDM Common Application
• Moving from duplex fiber to simplex fiber

– Doubling current fiber plant
• Media Conversion
– Fiber ports use a simplex optic
• Single fiber, single strand, or simplex fiber
• Photo below show single SC connector
– Inexpensive option to start taking advantage of WDM technology

CWDM – Multiplexer/Demultiplexer

spacing
WWDM 2 100 nm - Typically 1310nm and 1550nm

or more - Inexpensive
- Passive optical components – Mux/DeMux
DWDM 8 - 160 0.8 or 1.6 - Max 16 ch. for passive OC
nm - Active solutions add management and
other features

 Coarse WDM
 Typically 4, 8, or 16 wavelengths – encompassing 1310nm to 1610nm

 Analogy: Multi-lane divided highway
 Typically used uni-directionally
 Single Strand for Transmit and a single strand for receive
WDM WDM
WDM WDM
 Or as an optical add/drop mux (OADM)
WDM WDM WDM

 Typical 1550nm window wavelengths = 1470nm to 1610nm in 20nm

increments
 Typical 1310nm window wavelengths = 1270nm to 1410nm in 20nm
increments

DWDM – Multiplexer/Demultiplexer

spacing
WDM 2 100 nm - Typically 1310nm and 1550nm

or more - Inexpensive
- Passive optical components – Mu/DeMux
DWDM 8 - 160 0.8 or - Max 16 ch. for passive OC
1.6 nm - Active solutions add management and
other features

 Dense WDM
 Typically 8 or more wavelengths – centered around 1550nm
 Typically used uni-directionally or as an optical add/drop mux (OADM)
 Adds a Reprogrammable Optical Add/Drop (ROADM)
 Channel spacing typically 0.8nm (100GHz) or 1.6nm (200GHz)
 160 channels possible on active systems (max. 40 channels passive) using
0.2nm (25GHz) channel spacing
 Active systems very expensive


Features/Benefits for CWDM

CWDM Technology – Increased Bandwidth
• There are many influences for the growth of 10G and it’s
expansion into the Enterprise, Industrial Environments,
and Service Provider Networks
1. 10G hardware has become more economical

2. Business Ethernet and Ethernet Mobile Backhaul has evolved
with a need for higher capacity
3. CWDM Multiplexers are passive and agnostic of protocol or
speed
4. Increased bandwidth requirements for Cloud Networking
5. Increased device connections over fiber pairs

CWDM Technology – Fiber Conservation
Business Fiber Networks

• Increased Bandwidth — 1GE, 10GE connections allowed
• Logical Security — Different Wavelength Paths
Fiber Exhaustion
• CWDM Units — Creation of Multiple Fiber Wavelength paths in same
fiber
• Decreases CAPEX — Increases current fiber capacity without
installation and deployment of more fiber cables

CWDM Principle – Multiplexing/Demultiplexing
20nm spacing
CWDM
MUX
1310nm 1330nm 1350nm 1370nm 1390nm 1410nm 1430nm 1450nm 1310nm

1610nm
1470nm 1490nm 1510nm 1530nm 1550nm 1570nm 1590nm 1610nm

CWDM Technology
From Line RX port
To 1510nm RX port
To 1530nm RX port
To 1550nm RX port
To 1570nm RX port
• Completely passive WDM devices use thin film filters to Mux

and Demux the wavelengths
• Requires no external power supplies
• Compatible with all single mode fiber
• Compatible with all WDM wavelength based electronics
• Transparent to speed, support everything from 100M to 10G
CWDM Technology
• OADM – Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

– All the light paths that directly pass an OADM are termed cut-through
light paths, while those that are added or dropped at the OADM node
are termed added/dropped light paths
Fiber Pair In
Fiber Pair Out
CWDM – Fixed Optics ????
1310nm

CWDM – Fixed Optics Converted
Wideband S3100-4040 100Mbps to 2.5Gbps fiber

1310nm repeater with two open SFP slots
S4110-4848 1 Gbps to 11.5Gbps fiber

repeater with two open SFP+ slots
CWDM
1570nm

CWDM Implementation
Traffic Type, Demand,

STAGE 1
and System Scalability
Customer
Driven
Node Filter Architecture STAGE 2

(Channel Assignment)
System Architecture
(Receiver Levels, STAGE 3
Amplifier &
Dispersion needs)

CWDM Service and Topology Requirements
Service Requirements
• What kind of services will be deployed on this network?

- 100 Mb
- 1 Gb
- 10 Gb
• Do these services require protection?
Topology Requirements
• Will this be a Linear or Ring Transport System?

• How many nodes, distance between nodes, and fiber loss?
• What is the traffic flow?
• What kind and how many fibers are available?
• What size system is needed for deployment?
• Are Add/Drop locations required?

CWDM Service Specifications
Link Budget
• 1 km Fiber loss: introduces 0.3 db loss
• Connector loss: introduces 0.3 db loss
• Splice loss: introduces 0.3 db loss
• CWDM Mux loss: introduces 3.3 db loss (includes 1 connector)
• CWDM Add/Drop loss: introduces 1.1 db loss (includes 1 connector)
SFP Laser Strength

TN-SFP-OC48S-Cxx 1GE, SM, LC, 40 km Link Budget: 18.0 dB (TX Pwr + RX Sensitivity)
TN-SFP-LX8-Cxx 1GE, SM, LC, 80 km Link Budget: 24.0 dB (TX Pwr + RX Sensitivity)
TN-SFP-LX16-Cxx 1GE, SM, LC, 160 km Link Budget: 37.0 dB (TX Pwr + RX Sensitivity)
Example: [Receiver Sensitivity Range +3dB to -21dB)
SFP(+0.0 dB)CWDM Mux(-3.3dB) connector(-.3dB) 40km of Fiber(-8.0dB) connector(-.3dB) CWDM

Mux(-3.3dB) = -15.2dB
(Note: Always have 2 dB safety margin in the budget)

Real World Examples

CWDM Common Topologies
 Point-to-Point
8 Channel 8 Channel
CWDM Box CWDM Box
Mux Demux
Demux Mux
• Alleviate fiber congestion:
 Reducing backbone fiber used by a factor of 4, 8 or 16
 Increasing capacity on each backbone fiber by a factor of 4, 8 or 16

CWDM Common Topologies
Building A
 Ring
Demux Mux Demux Mux

Mux Demux
Demux Mux
8 Channel CWDM Boxes

(2) at each location
Mux Demux
Demux Mux
Mux Demux Mux Demux
Building B Building D
Building C

CWDM Media Converter Application

CWDM – Security Camera Application
Application Summary
- Control Center has 2 Pairs of Fiber to remote Parking Center

- Control Center needs fiber connections to 18 Security Cameras/Alarm Boards
because of copper distance limitation
- It is cost preventative to trench and place conduit of more fiber pairs
Transition Network’s Solution

Install (16) Channel and (8) Channel CWDM Multiplexers
Install 24 port Fiber Switch
Install Remote Add/Drop Multiplexers and F/C Media Converters with CWDM SFPs
Benefits
 Lower CAPEX/OPEX
 No Need for more fiber, 18 Cameras/Alarm Boards supported on 2 fiber pairs
 Copper distance limitation overcome


Control Center TN SM24DPA Fiber Switch
CWDM-M1631LCR
2 Fibers to Field
Enclosure #1 & #2
CWDM-M847LCR
2 Fibers to Field
Enclosure #3
VMS
Master Alarm Board

#1 Field Enclosure 1310 Drop

M/GE-T-SFP-01
2 Fibers to
1330 Drop
# 2 Field
Enclosure
1350 Drop
1370 Drop
1390 Drop
M/GE-T-SFP-01
1410 Drop Alarm Board
2 Fibers from
Control Center

#2 Field Enclosure 1430 Drop

M/GE-T-SFP-01
1450 Drop
1470 Drop
1490 Drop
1510 Drop
M/GE-T-SFP-01
1530 Drop Alarm Board
2 Fibers from # 1
Field Enclosure

#3 Field Enclosure M/GE-T-SFP-01

1470 Drop
1490 Drop
1510 Drop
1530 Drop
1550 Drop
M/GE-T-SFP-01
1570 Drop
Alarm Board
2 Fibers from
Control Center

CWDM – AFB Application
Application Summary
- Control Center has switching data, security and VoIP services to support in
many buildings onsite
- There fiber pairs in a loop around the AFB facility
- The fiber pairs are connected directly to access equipment from point to point
- They need to free up some fiber pairs to connect to additional buildings

Install (8) Channel CWDM Multiplexer
Install Remote Add/Drop CWDM Multiplexers at additional buildings
Benefits
 No Need for more fiber, additional fiber connections supported on 1 fiber pair
 Other fiber pairs are available from freeing up building connection pair

CWDM – AFB Application
Hangar #1 Hangar #2 Maintenance
1550 Drop 1570 Drop 1590 Drop
2 Fibers
Control
Center
CWDM – Military Application
Application Summary
- Provide a simple method to increase fiber capacity

- Physically separate the ECS network from the Com/Data Telco infrastructure
- Achieve the result of increasing security
- Address an implementation plan that can be built in a phased in approach
- There fiber pairs in a loop around the bases footprint

Install (16) Channel CWDM Multiplexers
Benefits
 No Need for more fiber, additional fiber connections supported on 1 fiber pair
 Other fiber pairs are available from freeing up additional connection pairs

CWDM – Military Application

Single Strand CWDM
• Uses two different

wavelength SFP modules
– 1470 one direction
– 1490 the other
direction
• Cuts channels in half

– An 8-channel mux can
send 4-channels on
one strand
Single Strand CWDM
8-Channel
Single Strand
Uses 16-channel
Muxes
Maximum on one
strand

Single Strand CWDM

CWDM vs. DWDM

CWDM versus DWDM
Parameter CWDM DWDM

Inter channel spacing 20nm As low as 0.2nm
Number of channels Up to 16 More than 160
Communication Range 40-80km - 200km
Optics Fixed Laser Tunable Laser
Cost Lower Higher

Market Metro, Access, Long Haul
Large enterprise

Summary

xWDM Summary
• Increase fiber capacity without pulling more fiber
• Multiple protocols all running on same fiber pair
• Passive Layer 1 Solution. Customer’s traffic remains untouched
• xWDM optics available as fixed or pluggable (SFP, XFP, etc.)
• Convert existing wideband optics to narrowband xWDM colors
with use of “optical line converters” or “transponders”
• Solution can be used either Point to Point or as an Add/Drop
Multiplexer (OADM)
• CWDM 10G offers many benefits to service providers that need
to better utilize the existing fiber infrastructure.

CWDM Value Proposition
• Easy deployment and flexible implementation

 “Plug and play,” no configuration of CWDM components
 Enable point-to-point, hub-and-spoke, ring, and meshed architectures on
top of SMF ring
• Flexibility
 Allow flexible and highly available multiservice network design with multi-
protocol media converters
• Scalability
 Provide scalable Ethernet bandwidth between 100Mb and 160 Gbps
over existing single mode fiber pairs
• Investment protection
 Use existing standard optical ports on switches and routers
• With use of xFMFF4040 as transponder
 Increase bandwidth on existing fiber infrastructure

Questions?

Please Visit us at the following:
Website:
www.transition.com/telco
Facebook:
http://www.facebook.com/#!/pages/Transition-Networks/165638608026
Carrier Ethernet Forum:
http://www.facebook.com/#!/group.php?gid=146482252058510
Carrier Ethernet Forum:
http://www.linkedin.com/groups?mostPopular=&gid=3381463
Twitter:
http://twitter.com/TNConnection
Blog:
www.mytnconnection.com

Your Network. Our Connection.
Get Connected
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TECHNET

Fundamentals and Applications of

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

• WDM Technology Overview

• What are the features/benefits for CWDM

• Real-World Use Case/Examples

• CWDM vs. DWDM

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

 Wavelength Division Multiplexing . . .

. . . a technology which multiplexes multiple optical carrier

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

Highway analogy for WDM:

Alternatives to increase capacity

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

• Increase capacity between locations using the existing fiber

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

• A wide variety of communication environments

– Fast Ethernet - OC-3/FDDI/ATM

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

Type Channels Channel Remarks

WWDM 2 100 nm or - Typically 1310nm and 1550nm

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

 Wideband WDM can sometimes be referred to as WWDM

 Typically 2 wavelengths – 1310nm and 1490/1550nm

 Bi-directionally, over one strand of fiber

 Offers potential to double the fiber capacity of existing network

 Available in SFP modules and in fixed optics

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

• Moving from duplex fiber to simplex fiber

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

Type Channels Channel Remarks

WWDM 2 100 nm - Typically 1310nm and 1550nm

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

 Typically 4, 8, or 16 wavelengths – encompassing 1310nm to 1610nm

 Typically used uni-directionally

 Single Strand for Transmit and a single strand for receive

 Or as an optical add/drop mux (OADM)

WDM WDM WDM

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

 Typical 1550nm window wavelengths = 1470nm to 1610nm in 20nm

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

Type Channels Channel Remarks

WDM 2 100 nm - Typically 1310nm and 1550nm

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

 Typically 8 or more wavelengths – centered around 1550nm

 Typically used uni-directionally or as an optical add/drop mux (OADM)

 Adds a Reprogrammable Optical Add/Drop (ROADM)

 Channel spacing typically 0.8nm (100GHz) or 1.6nm (200GHz)

 160 channels possible on active systems (max. 40 channels passive) using

0.2nm (25GHz) channel spacing

 Active systems very expensive

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

1. 10G hardware has become more economical

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

Business Fiber Networks

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com

1310nm 1330nm 1350nm 1370nm 1390nm 1410nm 1430nm 1450nm 1310nm

1470nm 1490nm 1510nm 1530nm 1550nm 1570nm 1590nm 1610nm

+1.952.941.7600 Company Confidential www.transition.com