Professional Documents
Culture Documents
57, 45
Daniela Itzabo Valencia Chávez
01 de Octubre de 2019
1. Problema 1. Consider a tank used in certain hydrodynamic experiments. After one experiment the
tank contains 200 liters of a dye solution with a concentration of 1 g/liter. To prepare for the next
experiment, the tank is to be rinsed with fresh water flowing in at a rate of 2 liters/min, the well-
stirred solution flowing out at the same rate. Find the time that will elapse before the concentration
of dye in the tank reaches 1 % of its original value.
Sabemos que cuando t = 0, la concentración de colorante es: Q = 200grs, luego Q(0) = 200grs
Q
De lo anterior, rate in=0, porque entra agua limpia sin colorante, y rate out= 200 · 2.
Q
Q0 = − ·2 (1)
200
Q
Q0 = − (2)
100
Dividiendo entre Q:
Q0 1
=− (3)
Q 100
Q0 1
Z Z
dt = − dt (4)
Q 100
t
ln(Q) = − +C (5)
100
Aplicando exponencial:
t
eln(Q) = e− 100 +C (6)
1
t
Q = Ce− 100 (7)
C = 200 (9)
t
Q = 200e− 100 (10)
1 t
= e− 100 (12)
100
1 t
ln =− (13)
100 100
Resolviendo para t:
1
t = 100 · ln (14)
100
2. Problema 5.A tank contains 100 gallons of water and 50 oz of salt. Water containing a salt concen-
tration of 41 1 + 12 sin(t) oz/gal flows into the tank at a rate of 2 gal/min, and the mixture in the
tank flows out at the same rate.
(a) Find the amount of salt in the tank at any time.
(b) Plot the solution for a time period long enough so that you see the ultimate behavior of the
graph.
(c) The long-time behavior of the solution is an oscillation about a certain constant level. What is
2
this level? What is the amplitude of the oscillation?
1 1 Q
Q0 = 1 + sint − (16)
2 2 50
Reescribiendo:
Q 1 1
Q0 + = 1 + sin(t) (17)
50 2 2
1
Z
Q(t) = µ(t) · g(t)dt + C (18)
µ(t)
Donde:
R
p(t)dt
µ(t) = e (19)
1 1 1
p(t) = y g(t) = 1 + sin(t) (20)
50 2 2
R 1
dt
µ(t) = e 50 (21)
t
µ(t) = e 50 (22)
1 1 1 C
Z
t
Q(t) = t e 50 · 1 + sin(t) dt + t (23)
e 50 2 2 e 50
t
1 −25e 50 · ( 50cos(t) − sin(t) ) C
t
Q(t) = t + 25e 50 + t (24)
e 50 5002 e 50
3
−1250cos(t) + 25sin(t) C
Q(t) = + 25 + t (25)
5002 e 50
−1250cos(0) + 25sin(0) C
50 = + 25 + 0 (26)
5002 e 50
1250
50 = − + 25 + C (27)
5002
Resolviendo para C:
1250
C = 25 + (28)
5002
126300
C= (29)
5002
Simplificando:
t
12.5sin(t) − 625cos(t) + 63150e− 50
Q(t) = + 25 (31)
2501
c) El valor de la amplitud está dado por el valor absoluto del coeficiente de cos(t) en la solución
general, pues el de sin(t) es bastante mas pequeño, luego:
625
A= ≈ 0.25 (32)
2501
3. Problema 9. A certain college graduate borrows $8000 to buy a car. The lender charges interest at
an annual rate of 10 %. Assuming that interest is compounded continuously and that the borrower
makes payments continuously at a constant annual rate k, determine the payment rate k that is
required to pay off the loan in 3 years. Also determine how much interest is paid during the 3-year
period.
4
Sea B(t) el saldo, en un tiempo t = 0, B(0) = 8000, cuando t = 3, entonces B(3) = 0.
El saldo aumenta por el interés, que es el producto de r (tasa de interés) por B (saldo), y dismi-
nuye con los pagos (k), luego:
B 0 = rB − k (33)
Reescribiendo:
B 0 − rB = −k (34)
1
Z
B(t) = µ(t) · g(t)dt + C (35)
µ(t)
Donde:
R
p(t)dt
µ(t) = e (36)
R
(−r)dt
µ(t) = e (38)
1
Z
−rt
B(t) = −k · e dt + Cert (40)
e−rt
1 ke−rt
B(t) = · + Cert (41)
e−rt r
k
B(t) = + Cert (42)
r
5
k
8000 = + Ce0 (43)
r
k
8000 = +C (44)
r
Resolviendo para C:
k
C = 8000 − (45)
r
k k rt
B(t) = + 8000 − e (46)
r r
k k
0= + 8000 − e0.1(3) (47)
0.1 0.1
Resolviendo para k:
800e0.3
k= (48)
1 − 0.3
k ≈ $3086 (49)
El total del interés está dado por el valor de k multiplicado por la frecuencia de los pagos, menos el
saldo inicial:
4. Problema 13. A retired person has a sum S(t) invested so as to draw interest at an annual rate
r compounded continuously. Withdrawals for living expenses are made at a rate of k dollars/year;
assume that the withdrawals are made continuously.
(a) If the initial value of the investment is S0 , determine S(t) at any time.
(b) Assuming that S0 and r are fixed, determine the withdrawal rate k0 at which S(t) will remain
constant.
(c) If k exceeds the value k0 found in part (b), then S(t) will decrease and ultimately become zero.
Find the time T at which S(t) = 0.
(d) Determine T if r = 8 % and k = 2k0 .
(e) Suppose that a person retiring with capital S0 wishes to withdraw funds at an annual rate k for
6
not more than T years. Determine the maximum possible rate of withdrawal.
(f) How large an initial investment is required to permit an annual withdrawal of $12,000 for 20
years, assuming an interest rate of 8 %?
a) La suma invertida en cualquier momento t aumenta con el producto de r (interés) por S (su-
ma invertida), y disminuye con los retiros (k), luego:
dS
= rS − k (51)
dt
Separando variables:
dS
= dt (52)
rS − k
dS
Z Z
= dt (53)
rS − k
1
· ln(rS − k) = t (54)
r
ln(rS − k) = rt (55)
Evaluando S0 y S:
rS − k
ln = rt (57)
rS0 − k
Aplicando exponencial:
rS−k
ln rS0 −k
e = ert (58)
rS − k
= ert (59)
rS0 − k
Simplificando:
7
k k
rt
S− =e S0 − (61)
r r
k k
S(t) = ert S0 − + (62)
r r
k0 rt
r S0 − e =0 (63)
r
rS0 − k0 = 0 (64)
k0 = rS0 (65)
c) Si S(T ) = 0:
k k
0 = erT S0 − + (66)
r r
−k
erT = r
k
(67)
S0 − r
k
erT = (68)
k − rS0
1 k
T = · ln (69)
r k − rS0
1 2rS0
T = · ln (70)
0.08 2rS0 − rS0
1 2rS0
T = · ln (71)
0.08 rS0
8
1
T = · ln(2) (72)
0.08
k
erT = (74)
k − rS0
Resolviendo para k:
erT (rS0 )
k= (75)
erT − 1
e(0.08)(20) (0.08(S0 ))
12000 = (76)
e(0.08)(20) − 1
Resolviendo para S0 :
12000(e(0.08)(20) − 1)
S0 = (77)
e(0.08)(20) (0.08)
S0 = $119.715 (78)
5. Problema 21. A ball with mass 0.15 kg is thrown upward with initial velocity 20 m/sec from the roof
of a building 30 m high. Neglect air resistance.
(a) Find the maximum height above the ground that the ball reaches.
(b) Assuming that the ball misses the building on the way down, find the time that it hits the ground
(c) Plot the graphs of velocity and position versus time.
dv
m· = −mg (79)
dt
Donde g ≈ 9.81
9
Dividiendo entre m, reescribiendo e integrando ambos lados:
dv = −gdt (80)
Z Z
dv = −gdt (81)
Por las condiciones iniciales sabemos que cuando t = 0, V0 = 20, evaluando para encontrar el valor
de C:
20 = −g · 0 + C (83)
C = 20 (84)
0 = −gt + 20 (86)
Resolviendo para t:
20
t= = 2.0387 s (87)
g
1
y(t) = − g · t2 + 20t + C (89)
2
10
Con t = 2.0387 y g = 9.81:
1
y(t) = − · (9.81) · (2.0387)2 + 20 · (2.0387) + 30 (91)
2
t = 5.24 s (94)
c) Gráfica
6. EJERCICIOS PAG. 45
x2
y0 = (95)
y
Reescribiendo:
dy x2
= (96)
dx y
ydy = x2 dx (97)
11
y2 x3
= +C (99)
2 3
Resolviendo para y:
s
2x3
y= +C (100)
3
y 0 + y 2 sin(x) = 0 (101)
Reescribiendo:
dy
= −y 2 sin(x) (102)
dx
dy
= sin(x)dx (103)
−y 2
dy
Z Z
= sin(x)dx (104)
−y 2
−1
= cos(x) + C (105)
y
Resolviendo para y:
−1
y= (106)
cos(x) + C
12
Reescribiendo:
dy
= (cos2 x)(cos2 2y) (108)
dx
dy
= (cos2 x)dx (109)
(cos2 2y)
dy
Z Z
= (cos2 x)dx (110)
(cos2 2y)
De identidades trigonométricas:
Luego:
1
2
cos (x) = cos(2x) + 1 (112)
2
Y también:
1
= sec2 (2y) (113)
cos2 2y
Sustituyendo:
1
Z Z
sec2 (2y)dy = cos(2x) + 1 dx (114)
2
1 1 1
tan(2y) = x + sin(2x) + C (115)
2 2 2
De identidades trigonométricas:
Sustituyendo;
1 1 1
tan(2y) = x + 2sen(x) · cos(x) + C (117)
2 2 2
13
Simplificando:
Resolviendo para y:
x + sen(x) · cos(x) + C
y = arctan (119)
2
1
xy 0 = (1 − y 2 ) 2 (120)
Reescribiendo:
dy 1
x· = (1 − y 2 ) 2 (121)
dx
dx
Z Z
1
(1 − y 2 ) 2 dy = dx (123)
x
Resolviendo para y:
y = sin ln(x) + c (125)
x − e−x
y0 = (126)
y + ey
14
Reescribiendo:
dy x − e−x
= (127)
dx y + ey
2 2
y x
y −x
+e = +e (130)
2 2
Simpificando:
2 2
y x
2· + ey = + e−x · 2 (131)
2 2
15