1st Exam ♦ Ordinary Differential Equations I (0301221) ♦ Summer 2016

Note: This exam is composed of 4 questions. You have 60 minutes to finish

Question 1 [6 points]: Solve the ODE: y 0 = e9y−x .

Solution: Let v = 9y − x, then v 0 = 9y 0 − 1. Substituting this into our ODE,

we get
1 0 v dv e−v dv
(v + 1) = e , equivalently = dx, or = dx.
9 9ev − 1 9 − e−v
Integrating both sides gives

ln(9 − e−v ) = x + C.

Solving for v, we obtain

 
C x x


v = −ln 9 − e e = −ln 9 − Ĉe .

Back substituting and then solving for y yields

1 
x

y(x) = x − ln 9 − Ĉe .
9

1
 y √
Question 2 [6 points]: Solve the IVP: y 0 + − y = 0, y(1) = 0.
x
Solution: This is Bernoulli!
1 1
The substitution is then v = y 2 , so we have v 0 = 12 y − 2 y 0 . It follows that
the differential equation
y √ 1 1 1
y0 + = y or y − 2 y 0 + y 2 = 1
x x
can be written as
1 1 1 1
v 0 = y − 2 y 0 , or equivalently v 0 + v = .
2 2x 2
√
The integrating factor is then µ(x) = x. Solving this yields
1
v(x) = x + Cx−1/2 ,
3
or, in terms of y, the solution is
1
y 1/2 = x + Cx−1/2 .
3
Applying the IC: y(1) = 0, we have C = − 13 . Thus
1 − 21
2
y(x) = x−x .
9
Here is the graph of the solution:

2
Question 3 [6 points]: Solve the IVP:
2ty 2

0
− 2t − 2 − ln(t + 1) y = 0, y(5) = 0.
t|2 + {z
1 | {z }
−N
}
M

2t
Solution: Note that My = = Nt . So, this equation is exact!
t2 +1
Integrating My we get
Z  
2ty
Ψ(t, y) = 2
− 2t dt = yln(t2 + 1) − t2 + f (y).
t +1
Differentiating with respect to y and compare to N

Ψy = ln(t2 + 1) − 2 = N.

Then f 0 (y) = −2, and therefore f (y) = −2y. Thus,

Ψ(t, y) = yln(t2 + 1) − t2 − 2y.

The implicit solution is then,

yln(t2 + 1) − t2 − 2y = C

Applying the IC: y(5) = 0, we get C = −25. The implicit solution becomes

2 2 t2 − 25
yln(t + 1) − t − 2y = −25 or y(t) = .
ln(t2 + 1) − 2
Here is the graph of the solution:

3
Question 4 [7 points]: A 1500 gal tank initially contains 600 gal of water
with 5 lb of salt dissolved in it. Water enters the tank at a rate of 9 gal/hr
and the water entering the tank has a salt concentration of 15 (1+cos t) lb/gal.
If a well mixed solution leaves the tank at a rate of 6 gal/hr, how much salt
is in the tank when it overflows?

Solution: Let Qt be the amount of salt in the tank at any time t. Then
Q0 (t) = Rate of change of Qt
= Rate at which Q(t) enters the tank
−Rate at which Q(t) exits the tank
= Flow rate of water entering ∗ Concentration of salt in water entering
−Flow rate of water exiting ∗ Concentration of salt in water exiting.
Note that
Amount of salt in the tank at any time t
Concentration = .
Volume of water in the tank at any time t
We start with 600 gallons and every hour, 9 gallons enter and 6 gallons leave.
So, if we use t in hours, every hour 3 gallons enter the tank, or at any time
t there is 600 + 3t gallons of water in the tank. So,
 
Q(t)
Q0 (t) = (9) 15 (1 + cos t) − (6)


600 + 3t
9 2Q(t)
= (1 + cos t) − ,
5 200 + t
with Q(0) = 5. This is a linear ODE. Computing the integrating factor, we
get µ(t) = (200 + t)2 . The solution is
 
9 1 2 cos t 2 sin t C
Q(t) = (200 + t) + sin t + − + .
5 3 200 + t (200 + t)2 (200 + t)2
Applying the IC: Q(0) = 5, we get C = −4600720.
Thus, the amount of salt in the tank at any time t is
 
9 1 2 cos t 2 sin t −4600720
Q(t) = (200 + t) + sin t + − + .
5 3 200 + t (200 + t)2 (200 + t)2
Now, the tank will overflow at t = 300 hr. The amount of salt in the tank at
that time is
Q(300) ≈ 280 lb.