FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PASIR GUDANG LABORATORY REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENT

No. Content Page

1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Theoretical Background
4. Apparatus
5. Procedure
6. Analysis
7. Discussion
8. Conclusion

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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PASIR GUDANG LABORATORY REPORT

Introduction
A pump is a device that moves fluids, or sometime slurries by mechanical
action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method
they use to move the fluid.
Pump operate by some mechanism and consume energy to perform
mechanical work by moving the fluid. Pumps operate via many energy sources,
including manual operation, electricity, engines or wind power, come in many sizes,
from microscopic for use in medical application to larger industrial pumps.
Pump can be combined in series and parallel in order to reach their purpose
of installation. If a single pump does not provide enough flowrate for a given
application, connecting two pumps can rectify the problem. On the other hand, if a
single pumps does not provide enough head for a given application, two pumps
connected can be remedy. Pumps are used in the most aspects of industry and
engineering to pumping storm sewer in civil and environmental engineering.

Objectives
To determine head / flow rate characteristics and pump efficiency under single,
series and parallel pump operation.

Theoretical Background
a) Single centrifugal pump

Centrifugal pump is one of the most widely used pumps for transferring
liquids. Centrifugal pumps operates as follow. As the prime mover rotates the
driveshaft, the impeller fluid is drawn in axially through the centre opening of
the housing. The fluid then make a 900 turn and flows radially outward. As
energy is added to the fluid by rotating blades, the pressure and velocity
increase until the fluid reaches the outer the outer tip of the impeller. The fluid
then enters the volute-shaped housing whose increase flow area causes the
velocity to decrease. This action results in a decrease in kinetic energy ang an
accompanying increase in pressure.

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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PASIR GUDANG LABORATORY REPORT

b) Series pump operation

Pump can be combined in series to obtain an increase in head at the same
flowrate as the single pump.

c) Parallel pum operation.

Pumps can be combined in parallel to obtain in increase in flowrate at the
same head as the sinle pump.

Formula for calculation of variables:

Power (fluid), Pwater = 𝞺watergHQ
Flow ∈LPM
Volumetric flowrate, Q (m3/s) =
6000
P 2−¿P
Pump head, H(m) = 1
¿
ρg
Power fluid
Overall efficiency, ŋefficiency = ×100 %
Power electrical

Apparatus

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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PASIR GUDANG LABORATORY REPORT

Figure 1 : Pump apparatus

Procedure
1) The circulation tank was filled with water.
2) The V5 was in fully closed position.
3) The main power supply was switch on.
4) The main switch on the control panel was turned on. Ensure all the digital
indicators.

Pump Operation Running Pump Fully Open Valve Fully Close Valve
Single Pump 2 V2 V1,V3,V4
Series Both Pump V1,V3 V2,V4
Parallel Both Pump V1,V2,V4 V3

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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PASIR GUDANG LABORATORY REPORT

5) The pump was turned on and the V5 was slowly open until the maximum
flowrate had been achieved.
6) The pump speed selector was switched to monitor the pump speed.