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Projectile motion (application)
Questions and their answers are presented here in the module text format as if it were an extension of
the treatment of the topic. The idea is to provide a verbose explanation, detailing the application of theory.
Solution presented is, therefore, treated as the part of the understanding process not merely a Q/A session.
The emphasis is to enforce ideas and concepts, which can not be completely absorbed unless they are put
to real time situation.
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OpenStax-CNX module: m13858 2
Projectile motion
Figure 1
The trajectory is symmetric about the vertical line passing through point of maximum height.
From the gure, the acute angle with vertical is :
3 Maximum height
Example 2
Problem : Motion of a projectile is described in a coordinate system, where horizontal and
i
vertical directions of the projectile correspond to x and y axes. The velocity of the projectile is 12
j
+ 20 m/s at an elevation of 15 m from the point of projection. Find the maximum height attained
by the projectile (consider g = 10 m / s2 ).
Solution : Here, the vertical component of the velocity (20 m/s) is positive. It means that it
is directed in positive y-direction and that the projectile is still ascending to reach the maximum
height. The time to reach the maximum height is obtained using equation of motion in vertical
direction :
vy = uy − gt
⇒ 0 = 20 − 10t
http://cnx.org/content/m13858/1.15/
OpenStax-CNX module: m13858 3
⇒ t = 2s
Now, the particle shall rise to a vertical displacement given by :
1 2
y ‘ = uy t − 2 gt = 20 x 2 − 5 x 22 = 20 m
The maximum height, as measured from the ground, is :
H = 15 + 20 = 35 m
√ 1 2
y = 3x − 2 gx
gx2
y = xtanθ − 2u2 cos2 θ
√ 1 2
y = 3x − 2 gx
√
tanθ = 3
⇒ θ = 600
Also,
u2 cos2 θ = 1
1
⇒ u2 = cos2 θ
1
⇒ u2 = cos2 60 = 4
⇒ u = 2m / s
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OpenStax-CNX module: m13858 4
ux = ucos600
uy = usin600
Projectile motion
Figure 2
Similarly, the components of velocities, when projectile makes an angle 45 with horizontal, in
horizontal and vertical directions are :
vx = vcos450
vy = vsin450
But, we know that horizontal component of velocity remains unaltered during motion. Hence,
vx = ux
⇒ vcos450 = ucos600
ucos600
⇒ v = cos450
Here, we know initial and nal velocities in vertical direction. We can apply v = u +at in
vertical direction to know the time as required :
http://cnx.org/content/m13858/1.15/
OpenStax-CNX module: m13858 5
vsin450 = u + at = usin600 − gt
⇒ vcos450 = ucos600
usin600 − vsin450
⇒ t = g
cos600
usin600 − u cos450
X sin450
⇒ t = g
sin600 − cos600
u
⇒ t = g √ √
( 3+1) ( 3−1)
⇒ t = 10 { 2
2
⇒ t = 20 = 0.1 s
1 2
K = 2 mu
At the maximum height, vertical component of the velocity is zero. On the other hand, horizontal
component of the velocity of the particle does not change. Thus, the speed of the particle, at the
maximum height, is equal to the magnitude of the horizontal component of velocity. Hence, speed
of the projectile at maximum height is :
v = ucosθ
The kinetic energy at the maximum height, therefore, is :
1 2
K‘ = 2m ( ucosθ )
Substituting value of "u" from the expression of initial kinetic energy is :
mx2xK
K‘ = 2m cos2 θ
K ‘ = Kcos θ
2
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OpenStax-CNX module: m13858 6
Projectile motion
Figure 3
Thus, the acute angle between projectile and horizontal direction is 90- θ for the given condition.
Now, in order to determine the speed, we use the fact that horizontal component of velocity does
not change.
900 − θ
vcos = ucosθ
⇒ vsinθ = ucosθ
⇒ v = ucotθ
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