Chapter 4 The Reactivity of Metals 

4.1 Variety of Minerals 

Minerals = Solid elements or compounds that are naturally found in
the Earth's crust.
Element= made of atoms of only one kind 
Compound = made up of two or more types of elements 
*Minerals in the form of elements such as gold exist independently in
the Earth's crust, does not react chemically with other elements.
*Minerals in the form of compounds such as bauxite consist of
combinations of a few types of different elements, will react with
other elements 
Metal + Oxygen --->Metal oxide   eg; Aluminium oxide
Metal + Oxygen + Carbon ----> Metal carbonate   eg; Calcium
carbonate 
Metal +Sulphur ----> Metal suplhide   eg: Ferum sulphide  
Metal +Silicon + Oxygen ----> Metal silicate 
 
4.2 Reactivity Series of Metals 
-A reactive series of metals if formed based on the reactivity of
metals with oxygen.
-Different metals shows different reactivity when react with oxygen. 
Potassium.>Sodium>Calcium>magnesium>Aluminuim>(Carbon)>Zinc
>{Hydrogen)>Iron>Tin>Lead>Copper>Mercury>Silver>Gold 
*carbon and Hydrogen are not metal/non-metallic elements. 
Experiment to study the reactivity of metals with oxygen
-More rective metal such as potassium will burn very bright
-Less reactive metals such as Lead and Iron will glows dimly only 
 
4.3 Extraction of metals from its ore 
-Metals that are more raective than carbon or are located higher than
carbon in the reactvity series of metals are extracted by electrolysis 
Aluminium oxide ------->aluminium +Oxygen 
-Metals which are less reactive than carbon which are positioned
lower than carbon in the reactivity series of metals are extracted
by heating the ores with carbon (coke) 
tin ore +carbon (coke) ------> tin + Carbon dioxide 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=QVNpgf4BvIg&feature=emb_logo (whole
chapter)

https://www.tes.com/lessons/kyQ1dcOittehbw/chapter-4-the-reactivity-of-metals (extraction)