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Exam 2009, questions

Communications Principles (Swinburne University of Technology)

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SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
HET314 COMMUNICATION PRICIPLES
PRACTICE EXAMINATION 2006
Please note that the final exam questions are different questions, do not assume that
I will just change the numbers…
SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE

Q1. Which one of the following is true?

Fourier Series analysis shows that a square wave with no DC offset consists
of:
a) A fundamental and even harmonic sinusoids whose amplitude decreases with
the harmonic number.

b) A fundamental sinusoid and an infinite number of odd harmonic sinusoids.

c) An impulse at zero frequency, a fundamental and odd harmonic sinusoids

whose amplitude decreases with the harmonic number.

d) An impulse at zero frequency, a fundamental and even harmonic sinusoids

whose amplitude decreases with the harmonic number.

e) A “sinc” function with zero crossings that depend on the duty cycle.

Q2. Which one of the following is the best definition of a Power Signals?
a) A signal that is deterministic and non periodic.

b) A signal that has finite energy over all time.

c) A random signal that is periodic.

d) A signal with infinite energy but finite average power over all time.

e) A signal with infinite average power but finite energy over all time..

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Examination 2003

Q3. Which one of the following methods will always recover the message reliably
from a DSB-SC modulation system?

a) Using the circuit shown below:

+ +
V (t) R C V2(t)
1

b) Using a product detector with the local receive carrier frequency exactly the
same as the transmitter carrier frequency irrespective of the phase difference
between the two carriers.

c) Using the circuit shown below:

+ +
V (t) R C V (t)
1 2

d) Using a product detector with the local receive carrier frequency and phase
exactly the same as the local transmit carrier frequency and phase.

e) Using an envelope detector with the appropriate time constant.

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Examination 2003
Q4. For the system shown below choose the correct waveform seen at the output
y(t). Note the message frequency ωm = 2πfm where fm is 2 kHz and the ideal
HPF passes all frequencies larger than 500 Hz and has a gain of one?

1V + Σ ~
~
f(t) y(t)

Ideal HPF

cos ω t (volt) cos ω t (volt)

m c

(a) 1V

time
250 750 ( µ sec)

-1V

a)

(b)
1V

0.5V

time
( µ sec)
-0.5V 250 750

-1V

b)

(c)
1V

time
time
( µ sec)
125 375

-1V

c)

(d)
3V
3V

1V
1V
time
-1V ( µ sec)
-1V

-3V

d)
e) None of the above

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Examination 2003
Q5. A superheterodyne receiver has an IF frequency of 504kHz, and it uses high
side injection. If the receiver is tuned to 3AW (1278 kHz), what is the Image
Frequency?
a) 1782 kHz.

b) 774 kHz.

c) 1278 kHz.

d) 2286 kHz.

e) 504 kHz

Q6. Which one or more of the following systems cannot be used alone, to
demodulate a DSB-LC modulated signal and hence produce the message as
the only component of the demodulated signal?
a) A lowpass filter.

b) An envelope detector.

c) A product detector.

d) A simple multiplier.

e) A multiplier followed by a lowpass filter

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Examination 2003

Q7. A baseband signal whose bandwidth extends to 1 kHz is added with a sinusoid
whose frequency is 2 kHz. The resultant signal is sampled using natural
sampling. What is the lowest sampling frequency that will not produce
aliasing?

a) 1 kHz

b) 2 kHz

c) 2.1 kHz

d) 3 kHz

e) 4 kHz

Q8. Which one of the following statements is true if a filter is ideal?

a) The magnitude of transfer function H(ω) must be zero in the passband of the
filter.

b) Only LOWPASS filters are ideal.

c) Ideal filters are distortionless.

d) The ideal filter characteristic is only possible with HIGHPASS filters.

e) Ideal filters have the phase of the transfer function H(ω) that is not a linear
function of frequency.
Q9. An FM signal has message signal given by 2cos(2π x 103t) and a modulation
index (β)฀฀of 4. If the amplitude of the message is reduced by 50% the
resultant peak frequency deviation is:

a) 1 kHz.

b) 2 kHz.

c) 3 kHz.

d) 4 kHz.

e) 8 kHz.
Marks(+4 -1)

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Examination 2003
Q10. Choose the correct alternative.
When Carson’s rule is applied to a phase modulated signal the bandwidth is:

a) directly proportional to fm.

b) inversely proportional to ωm.

c) directly proportional to (fm + ∆f).

d) directly proportional to ∆f.

e) inversely proportional to φ

Q11. Choose the correct statement.

A frequency modulated signal with a modulation index ฀fm is passed through
a tripler. The resultant signal at the output of the tripler will have a modulation
index of:

a) βfm/3
b) βfm
c) 3 βfm
d) 6 βfm
e) 9 βfm

Q12. Q13. Choose the correct statement

The frequency spectrum below is that of a;
Ampl.

11 12 13
Freq (Hz)
0 1 3 4 5 8

a) flat-top sampled sinusoid.

b) naturally sampled sinusoid.

c) impulsively sampled sinusoid.

d) either a naturally or flat-top sampled sinusoid

e) none of the above.

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Examination 2003

Q13. Choose the correct statement(s).

The period and pulse width of the sampling train which produce the sampled
spectrum shown below are:

Ampl.

11 12 13
0 1 3 4 5 8 Freq (Hz)

a) T = 8 s and τ = 1 s.

b) T = 250 ms and τ = 125 ms.

c) T = 125 msec and τ = 250 ms.

d) T = 1000 ms and τ = 250 ms.

e) T = 3 s and τ = 4 ms.

Q14. Choose the correct statement.

A PCM TDM system consists of three signals, s1(t), s2(t) and s3(t). The three
signals s1(t), s2(t) and s3(t) are bandlimited to 5 kHz, 10 kHz and 20 kHz
respectively. These signals are to be sampled at their respective Nyquist rates
and quantized to 256 levels. Using a single commutator (multiplexer) what is
the sampling rate of the system?

a) 5 kHz

b) 10 kHz.

c) 20 kHz.

d) 40 kHz.

e) 80 kHz.

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Examination 2003
Q15. The system below produces which of the following modulation schemes?

x1(t)
x (t)
y(t)

Delay τ
(1 bit time)
A cos ω c t
x2(t)
a) 4QAM.

b) BPSK.

c) DPSK.

d) QPSK.

e) 8PSK

Q16. Choose the correct statement.

a) AM has superior noise rejection than does FM since it is immune to

Atmospheric noise.

b) Digital modulation schemes have superior noise rejection than do Analog

schemes because they receivers are made up of logic gates.

c) WBFM has superior noise rejection than does AM since the receiver gain is
higher for FM.

d) Analogue modulation Schemes have better noise performance as the signals

are continuous.

e) FM has superior noise rejection than does AM since the carrier power is small.

Q17. Choose the correct statement.

a) Australian AM stereo has the L signal in the USB and the R signal in the USB.

b) FM stereo uses a Digital modulation scheme to multiplex the L and R signals.

c) WBFM is used for the sound in Australian TV.

d) In Australian TV, the video information is FM modulated onto a carrier in the

UHF or VHF region.

e) Australian Analogue TV transmissions employ NBFM for the video signal as it

requires less Bandwidth than does WBFM.

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Examination 2003

Q18. Which of one the following statements is true:

a) In PCM the quantisation process does not introduce noise.

b) Non uniform quantisation can be achieved by companding.

c) For PCM a sampled signal is coded then quantised to reduce the number of
samples.

d) Although anti-alias filters need to be employed for PAM, they are not required
for PCM as A law or µ law prevents aliasing from occurring.

e) Codes are usually binary numbers, however it is common practice to convert

these to sinusoids for ease of sampling.

Q19. The signal shown below is:

1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

a) Unipolar NRZ.

b) Bipolar NRZ.

c) AMI.

d) Manchester.

e) Bipolar RZ.

Q20. DSB-LC has a maximum receiver gain of 2/3 whilst the receiver gain for DSB-
SC is 2. Which of the following statements is true?
a) The noise performance of DSB-LC and DSB-SC are the same.

b) The noise performance of DSB-LC is better than DSB-SC.

c) The noise performance of DSB-LC is worse than DSB-SC.

d) The noise performance of DSB-LC is better than SSB-SC.

e) None of the above.

End of Section A

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Examination 2003
SECTION B:

QB1. Draw the two-sided frequency spectrum for the following systems. Include both
the amplitude and phase information.

a) f(t) = 6cos(8π x103t + 30o) - 4cos(2π x103t )

b) f(t) = 4sin(10π t + 15o) - 8sin(4π t - 15o ) + 2cos(30o )

c)

o
8cos(7π t + 30 )
f(t)

10sin(4π t )

d) Given the following one-sided spectrum calculate the proportion of power

contained in the 6fo term to the total power contained in the signal.

Y(f)
(V)
1.5A 1.5A

0.5A

f 3f 6f 8f
o o o o Freq.(Hz)

90
Phase
(o) 60
30
f
o
3f 6f 8f
o o o Freq.(Hz)

30

e) In the one-sided spectrum above, given that A=1 write the time-domain
expression for the function y(t).

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Examination 2003
QB2. For the modulation scheme shown below answer the following question.
cos( ω ct ) cos( ω c t + θ )

f(t) LPF m(t)

Σ y(t)

g(t) LPF x(t)

sin( ω c t ) sin( ω c t + θ )

Transmitter Receiver

If the carrier generated at the receiver has a phase error of ฀ radians, derive an
expression for m(t) if θ is small
Note: sin (θ) ≅ θ and cos ( θ ) ≅ 1 for small θ.

QB3. The A.M. broadcast band is from 525 kHz to 1605 kHz and the usual
intermediate frequency (I.F.) in a superheterodyne receiver is 455 kHz. If the local
oscillator (L.O.) frequency is above the wanted incoming RF frequency and there
is no front end R.F. filtering :

a) Determine the frequency range when image stations will become a problem.

b) Determine the minimum intermediate frequency (I.F.) required so that the

problem of image stations can be eliminated from the tuning range of the
receiver.

c) Determine the frequency range over which the local oscillator (L.O.) needs
to be variable under the conditions outlined in part (b) above.

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Examination 2003
Question 3.

QB4. The block diagram of a wideband FM transmitter is shown in a figure Q4. At the
output of the armstrong NBFM module fc=1 MHz and ∆f=1 kHz. At the output
of the FM transmitter, y(t), fc=110 MHz, ∆fmax=50 kHz. Assuming the
frequency of the local oscillator is fLO = 6 MHz. What are the values of the two
multipliers n1 and n2.

x(t) NBFM × n1 × n2 y(t)

fLO ~
Figure Q4

QB5. Working in the frequency domain and using pictures illustrate the difference
between natural, flat-top and impulse sampling.

QB6. Explain how Manchester or Split-phase encoding works.

QB7. Derive the amplitude A(t) and phase φ(t) functions of NBFM given the following
equation:

End of Section B

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Examination 2003
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
sin(A ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B
cos(A ± B) = cos A cos B msin A sin B
2sin A sin B = cos(A − B) − cos(A + B)
2cos A cos B = cos(A + B) + cos(A − B)
2sin A cos B = sin(A + B) + sin(A − B)
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A cos A = sin(A + 90o )
2 sin 2 A = 1 − cos 2A 2 cos2 A = 1 + cos 2A
j2sin A = e jA − e − jA 2cosA = e jA + e − jA
e ± jA = cos A ± j sin A sin A = cos(A − 90o )
cos 2A = 2 cos2 A − 1 = 1 − 2 sin 2 A = cos2 A − sin 2 A

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Examination 2003
Fourier Pairs:
Time Domain Frequency Domain

Linearity

ax1(t) + bx 2(t) aX 1 (ω ) + bX 2 (ω )
Time Shift
x(t − t 0 ) X(ω)e − jωt0
Frequency Shift (Modulation)

x(t)e jω 0t X(ω − ω 0 )
Scaling

x(at) 1 ω
X( )
a a
Time Reversal
x( − t) X( − ω)
Differentiation
d
x(t)
jωX(ω)
dt
Integration

∫ x(τ)dt
1
X(ω) + πX (0)δω
jω

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Examination 2003
Formulae:

∞ ∞ ∞

x(t ) = A0 + ∑ An cos nω 0t + ∑ Bn sin nω 0t X ( f ) = F [x(t )] = ∫ x(t )e

− j 2π f 0t
dt
T n =1 n =1 n = +∞ −∞
x(t ) e − jnω0t dt ∑X e
1 jnω0t
Xn = ∫
T 0
x(t ) =
n = −∞
n

 nω τ 
1
T0 2 ∞ sin  s 
P= ∫ x(t ) ∑c Aτ
2
dt =
2
n cn =  2 
T0 −T0 2 n = −∞ Ts nω sτ
2

Y(f)
H( f ) = = ke − j 2πfτ H ( f ) = A( f ) e jβ ( f ) = A(f) β (f)
X(f)

So N o GRSSB = 1 GRDSB −LC = 2η where η = efficiency

GRDSB −SC = =2
Si N i

3D 2 BT vRMS = 4kTBR
( ∆φ )2 BT GRFM =
GRPM = 2 W
2 W

 Eb   2E b   Es 
Perror = Q  PerrorBPSK = Q  PerrorQAM = Q 
   η 
 η   η   
1  A xnorm 
if 0 ≤ xnorm < then xcomp = sgn( xnorm )  
A  (1 + ln( A)) 

1  (1 + ln A xnorm ) 
if ≤ xnorm ≤ 1 then xcomp = sgn( xnorm ) 
A 
 (1 + ln( A)) 
 ln(1 + µ xnorm ) 
xcomp = sgn( x)  
 ln(1 + µ ) 

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Examination 2003

BESSEL FUNCTIONS

n J n(0.2) J n(0.4 J n(0.6 J n(0.8 J n(1) J n(1.2 J n(1.5 J n(1.7

) ) ) ) ) )
0 0.9900 0.9604 0.9120 0.8643 0.7652 0.6459 0.5118 0.3690
1 0.0995 0.1960 0.2867 0.3688 0.4401 0.5106 0.5579 0.5802
2 0.0050 0.0197 0.0437 0.0758 0.1149 0.1711 0.2321 0.2940
3 0.0002 0.0013 0.0044 0.0102 0.0196 0.0369 0.0610 0.0918
4 0.0003 0.0010 0.0025 0.0059 0.0118 0.0209
5 0.0002 0.0007 0.0018 0.0038
6 0.0002 0.0006
7 0.0001

n J n(2) J n(2.4) J n(3) J n(4) J n(5) J n(6) J n(7)

0 0.2239 0.0000 -0.2600 -0.3970 -0.1770 0.1506 0.3001
1 0.5767 0.4971 0.3391 -0.0660 -0.3270 -0.2770 -0.0050
2 0.3528 0.4461 0.4861 0.3641 0.4660 -0.2433 -0.3010
3 0.1289 0.2166 0.3091 0.4302 0.3648 0.1148 -0.1680
4 0.0340 0.0738 0.1320 0.2811 0.3912 0.3576 0.1578
5 0.0070 0.0195 0.0430 0.1321 0.2611 0.3621 0.3479
6 0.0012 0.0042 0.0114 0.4910 0.1310 0.2458 0.3392
7 0.0008 0.0025 0.0152 0.0534 0.1290 0.2336
8 0.0040 0.0184 0.0565 0.1280
9 0.0055 0.0211 0.0589
10 0.0070 0.0235
11 0.0083

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Examination 2003 Student ID

Name
Signature       
      
Shade bubbles like this:        
Not like this: ¤ ⊗       
      
      
Hint: use a pencil to shade the answer
bubbles, which you can erase easily if       
you make a mistake.       
      
      
      

1      11     
2      12     
3      13     
4      14     
5      15     
6      16     
7      17     
8      18     
9      19     
10      20     

EXAMINER'S USE ONLY

SECTION B
Question Mark
B1 10
B2 8
B3 8
B4 4
B5 4
B6 3
B7 3

nB 40

TOTAL

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