Kolby White

Matt jones

ENV 1304

Air Pollution

1. what is the difference between the stratosphere and troposphere? The difference

between stratosphere and troposphere. Stratosphere is above the troposphere. Its drier and

less dense, its gases experience little vertical mixing, so when substances enter it, they

tend to remain there for a long time. The troposphere it’s the bottommost layer of the

atmosphere and where air movement drives the planet’s weather. Also, it is thin and

contains 3 quarters of the atmosphere’s mass.

2. Name 3 natural sources of pollution? 3 natural sources of pollution are wildfires, oil

spills, volcanoes

3. What is the difference between weather and climate? The difference between weather

and climate is weather is a short-term change in the atmosphere. Climate is what

describes the weather over long period of time in a specific area.

4. Point vs. non-point source pollution; primary vs secondary pollutants? point source

release pollutants from discrete conveyances, such as a discharge pipe, and are regulated

by federal and state agencies versus non-point source  is a combination of pollutants from

a large area rather than from specific identifiable sources such as discharge pipes. With

Primary pollutants it is an air pollutant emitted directly from a source versus is not

directly emitted, but forms when other pollutants react in the atmosphere.
5. What is a "criteria pollutant"? What agency is responsible for monitoring,

studying, etc. these pollutants? A criteria pollutant is, carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen

dioxide, ozone, particulate, matter, and sulfur dioxide. the agency that is responsible for

monitoring, studying, etc. these pollutants is EPA.

6. For EACH of these 6 criteria pollutants (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrous
dioxide, tropospheric ozone, particulate matter, lead) answer the following: 1:
carbon monoxide (a) two sources of the pollutant are leaking chimneys and furnaces (b)
it is odorless, colorless and toxic gas. you can’t see it, taste or smell it. (c) the effects
carbon monoxide do is give people chest pain with heart disease, gives people headaches
and flu-like symptoms. (d) the solutions to prevent this pollutant are keep gas appliances
properly adjusted. Consider purchasing a vented space heater when replacing an unvented
one. 2: Sulfur dioxide (a) two sources of the pollutant are electrical power plants and ore
smelting operations (b) it is inorganic compound, a heavy, colorless, poisonous gas. (c)
the effects sulfur dioxide can cause is respiratory problems such as bronchitis and also
linked to cardiovascular disease. (d) The solutions to prevent this pollutant are shift fossil
fuel plants to lower sulfur fuels and improved efficiency of conversion of fuel to
electricity.3: nitrous dioxide (a) two sources of the pollutant are welding and using
explosives (b) it has a strong, harsh odor and is a liquid at room temperature, becoming a
reddish-brown gas. (c) The effects nitrous dioxide can do are worsened cough, wheezing,
reduced lung function and increased asthma attacks. (d) The solutions to prevent this
pollutant Use legume crops or pastures in the rotation instead of nitrogen fertilizer and
Use split applications of nitrogen fertilizers4: tropospheric ozone (a) two sources of
pollutant mostly emitted by motor vehicles and industrial facilities. (b) it is a reactive gas
that exists in two layers of the atmosphere (c) the effects tropospheric ozone can cause
worsen bronchitis and trigger asthma. (d) The solutions to prevent this pollutant Vapor
recovery nozzles at the gasoline pumps to reduce refueling emissions and Cleaner
burning gasoline reformulated to reduce VOC, NOx and other pollutants5: particulate
matter (a) two sources of the pollutant are construction sites, unpaved roads, fires. (b) is
the sum of all solid and liquid particles suspended in air many of which are hazardous. (c)
the effects particulate matter can cause are irregular heartbeat, aggravated, asthma,
decreased lung function (d) The solutions to prevent this pollutant is Stop smoking; if you
do smoke, do not smoke indoors. Mulch garden refuse instead of burning it. Limit the use
of fireplaces and wood stoves.6: Lead (a) The solutions to prevent this pollutant are
waste incinerators and metal processing (b) is a bluish-white lustrous metal. It is very
soft, highly malleable, ductile, and a relatively poor conductor of electricity. (c) The
effects lead cause is, attacks the brain and central nervous system to cause coma,
convulsions and even death. (d) The solutions to prevent this pollutant Let the water run
to flush the tap, use only cold water to prepare food and drinks, and use a water
filter; lead in older pipes can leach into drinking water.
7. What is "smog"? What is the difference between grey (industrial) smog and brown
(photochemical) smog? Smog is fog or haze combined with smoke and other
atmospheric pollutants. The difference between grey (industrial) smog and brown
(photochemical) smog is grey (industrial) smog concentrates in urban areas and is formed
from sulfur dioxide due to the burning coal, water droplets, and other particles such as
dust. While brown (photochemical) smog is a mixture of all other pollutants, but mostly
VOC's and nitrous oxides.
8. WHY has air pollution in the US declined in recent years? The Air pollution in the
US declined in the recent years because of the Clean Air Act the EPA has came up with
to decrease the air pollutions and this Act has been showing progress
9. Name 5 sources, and 5 effects, of indoor air pollution? indoor air pollution 5 sources
are building materials, wood stoves, gas range, tobacco smoke, and heating devices. 5
effects of indoor air pollution are coughing, headaches, fatigue, upper respiratory
congestion, and dizziness