Essays

(1) Happiest Day Of My Life

Happiness is a great blessing of God. There have been many happy days in my life, but the day I was really happy
was the day I passed the S.S. Examination. It was really the happiest day of my life.

It was the 25th of August, 2002. I was anxiously waiting for the result of my S.S. Examination. I was a science
student. I had studied round the clock to get through the examination with very good marks. My admission to
First-Year (Pre-medical) Class depended on my acquiring very good marks. I had done my papers well but I was
worried.

One day, at about 9 o’clock, my elder brother brought a newspaper. It was on the 25th of August. He seemed to
be very happy. He told that the result of the S.S. examination had been declared. My father took the newspaper
from him and began to find out my roll number. My heart was beating very fast. My father abruptly cried out:
“Well done, my son! You have got a very good First Division”.
I thanked God to know that I had acquired eight hundred marks out of nine hundred. My joy knew no bounds.
My parents, brothers, and sisters congratulated me. My mother kissed me with affection. All of my family
members were overjoyed.

My father at once announced to arrange a very grand feast on the same evening to celebrate my grand success
in the examination. He also invited all of his friends. My friends and kith and kin congratulated and garlanded
me. They also offered me various gifts. After the feast, sweets were also distributed among the poor and
children. I was really very happy.
To conclude, the 25th of August, 2002, was really the happiest day of my life. I cannot forget this day. It is the
memorable day of my life. This day brought countless joys for me and for my parents because this day was the
beginning of my bright future.

(2) Load Shedding

Electric energy is of utmost importance for the survival of modern life. The prosperity of a country is directly
linked to the supply of energy electricity is needed in every sector of modern life. The working at railways,
hospitals, business centres, entirely depends on electricity. Without electricity, our farms and industry will stop
production. Our houses, trade centres, roads, schools and colleges will turn into graveyards. It is unfortunate
that the production of such a vital thing is insufficient in Pakistan. The production of electricity is far less than
the growing needs of our farms, industries, mills and factories. The population of our country is growing at a
very rapid rate. The production of electricity is far less to meet the increasing needs of our future. The result is
that we have to resort to load shedding in the country.
The load shedding has affected our country badly. It has disturbed our social, economic and cultural life badly.
The industry and business in the country come to a halt during the prolonged hours of load shedding. The
hospitals and medical educational centres suffer a lot. The business centres are plunged into darkness. The
traffic on roads is disturbed badly. Everything suffers a jolt. The whole stream of life stops. Such a thing is not
possible if we have sufficient supply of power.
We do not have sufficient supply of power due to the following reasons :
 First: We generate electricity from water, Oil, coal and gas. Water is the cheapest source of producing electricity.
We have failed to build Kalabagh Dam. Had it been built, the power supply would have been in plentiful and at
the same time, it would have been cheap.

Second: The electricity generated by coal, gas and oil is very costly. The electricity produced by these elements is
called thermal power. The setting up of the thermal power station is highly expensive for a developing country,
like ours. The electricity supplied by thermal stations is not affordable for the consumers. It is not even suitable
for the competitive industry of the country.

Third: We can produce electricity by nuclear energy. Nuclear power stations are not easy to set up. The nuclear
reactors are very costly. The western countries utilize nuclear Energy as a major source of energy. In France, 80%
of energy is produced by Nuclear Sectors. This is not possible in Pakistan.

We suffer from the shortage of electricity due to the following reasons also:

A. The demand for electricity increases due to the electrification of Villages. The new housing colonies also need
it for domestic use. This has increased the demand of electricity
B. The use of electricity increases in summer. The use of air conditioners is increasing every year. The
consumption of electricity increases as compared with its generation.
C. The measures to save energy have badly failed. The business centres, hotels, roads and streets are lite up
during night hours. People use electricity as generously as possible. The entire nation suffers from indiscipline.
All lights are always “on” in the houses.

We can fight against energy crisis by adopting the following measures.

 The generation of electricity can be increased by setting up more power stations. We should build more
dams to store water in order to produce electricity at cheap rates.
 Nuclear energy should be used as a major source of energy.
 The government should undertake research to find ways and means to generate more power from
cheap sources. Solar energy can be used as a main source of energy.

A campaign on electronic media should be started to save energy by all means. The masses should be made
aware of the true nature of power crisis.
All business centres should be closed after eight o clock at night. Marriages should be held during daytime only.
In this way, we can save a lot of energy.

(3) Terrorism
Terrorism has become one of the most dangerous forms of international crime. Terrorism means the threat or
uses of force against civilians or armed forces for political or personal interest. Terrorists attack the civilian
population to create terror or general harassment in society. They resort to bombing, killing, hijacking and large
scale of destruction of property. A large number of innocent civilians have been killed in these savage attacks. A
wave of terror and insecurity has traveled around the globe. People are wonder-struck and terrified at the cruel
activities of terrorists in spite of great measures of security and defense.

Narrow-mindedness, fanaticism, fundamentalism, intolerance and religious extremism are considered the main
cause of terrorism. Political and religious extremists do not tolerate their opponents and try to eliminate them.
Some culprits do it for temptations of money. They are blind agents of other forces. It is also a fact that some
intelligence agencies cause terrorism in enemy countries to destabilize them.
 Recent of the hijacking of American passenger airlines and crashing them against the towers of the World Trade
Centre in New York and the Pentagon in Washington is probably the worst incident of terrorism in the world.
America wants to punish some individuals and countries whom they blame for terrorist activities in various parts
of the world. Usama bin Ladin and some Muslim countries are their specific targets.

Islam is the most misunderstood and misinterpreted religion in the West. A religion that stands for peace and
justice has been misrepresented as a religion of war and fanaticism. The Muslims are depicted by the western
media as extremists, fanatics, terrorists, backward and devoid of disciplines, on religious issues, They are
emotional and intolerance. Fundamentalists believe that they are the right people and all the rest are heretics.

On the other hand, there is no organized Muslim media anywhere in the Muslim World that can refute this
western disinformation and give an accurate picture of what is really going on. The west, in fact, is under the
psychological pressure of the glorious past of the Muslims. Soon after the demise of communism in the Soviet
Union, Islam was perceived as the ideological force to overcome the whole world.

The Muslim concept of Islamic fundamentalism is strict adherence to the age of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). It is an
effort to implement the Islamic principles of the Golden age of the world of today for the revival of Islam. Jihad
is a totally different act from terrorism. Jihad means the exertion, striving and endeavor for the cause of God. Its
object is to bring an end to oppression and aggression against Islam. Its object is not to propagate Islam by use
of the sword. It is not anti-wast bigotry and the revival of the ancient Islamic concept of expansionism.

The Quran has emphasized Jihad for a noble cause: “Fight against those who treat helpless men, women and
children cruelly”. Jihad stands for noble deeds for elevating the moral character and for seeking refinement to
attain nearness to Allah.

“Religion is nothing else but love to God and man.”

Terrorism is also different from political or liberation movement. The Kashmir liberation movement against
India, the Palestine movement against Israel and Chechen liberation movement against Russia cannot be
regarded as the terrorist movement. They are engaged in an armed struggle to get freedom from cruel rules.
They are fighting against aggression.
Terrorism is evil. It must be fought against at all levels. Governments and nations must join hands to crush this
evil and its agents. At the same time, the United Nations must take steps to remove the germs of dissatisfaction,
deprivation, and injustice from various religions of the world.

(4) Terrorism In Pakstan

Terrorism is the use of threats of violence to produce fear in people and weaken their resistance. Common acts
of terrorism include airplane hijacking, assassination, bombing, kidnapping and murder. Political terrorism is
used to gain or keep power. Terrorism is also a form of surrogate warfare. It is a very cheap way to fight without
actually going to war.

Terrorism in the United States rocked the world. On Sep 11, when two U.S. planes crashed into the World Trade
Centre in New York. The terrorists were killed along with hundreds of passengers and thousands of innocent
people in the building. The massive loss of lives made the entire world stand against terrorism.

Terrorist organizations usually work against governments. The government buildings and public places like
railway stations, airports, trade centers etc. are targeted with bombs and other destructive weapons. The aim of
terrorists is to create harassment and panic. As a result, public demonstrations begin and the entire set-up of
the country is disturbed. Business affairs come to a standstill and the economy of the country is affected very
badly.
 There are different causes of terrorism. The Kashmiris in Kashmir are engaged in a holy war of their freedom
against the Indian soldiers and the state terrorism.
The Sikhs in India have been committing acts of terrorism to win freedom from India. The Irish people of North
Ireland have been terrorizing the British government to gain their independence. The Palestinians in Palestine
are fighting against Israeli state terrorism. The chief cause of terrorism is injustice and persecution of the down-
trodden people. The wrong policies of certain governments also lead to terrorist activities.

Another weapon of terrorists is to kidnap big guns. The planes are hijacked for the release of the terrorist
leaders and other prisoners. The lives of the passengers are put in danger and the governments come into action
immediately.

The results of the recent waves of terrorism have opened the eyes of the United Nations. The entire world is
against terrorism. The United States has taken extreme steps and declared Al-Qaida organization responsible for
terrorism in the U.S. The U.S planes bombed terrorist centers in Afghanistan and inflicted untold losses to the
innocent people of Afghanistan. Their main target was Osama-bin-Laden. The countries of the world joined
hands with the United States to war against terrorism. Pakistan also helped the United Nations in the war
against terrorism.

Terrorism in Pakistan is on the rise. Suicide bomb blasts have terrified the entire nation. Many innocent people
lose their lives. It has shattered the economy and disrupted the peace process. The Pro-American policies of the
government have led chaos everywhere. Americans have been killing the Muslims everywhere in the world since
September 11.

Terrorist activities may come to an end if the grievances of the victimized people all over the world are
alleviated. The cruelty against the weak must be stopped to solve the disputes fairly.

Anti-terrorist forces may be established to fight against terrorism in the country. The illegal flow of arms and
money from abroad must be uprooted to eradicate terrorism.

(5) Democracy
“Democracy is the government of the people, for the people and by the people.” (Abraham Lincoln)

Representative democracy involves the sele3ction of government officials by the people being represented. The
most common systems involve the election of the candidates with a majority vote.

Pakistan is a democratic and Islamic country, but democracy in Pakistan has been the most irregular and
unsatisfactory. The principles of democracy are equality, freedom and social justice which are, unfortunately,
not being fully enjoyed by the people of Pakistan. The reason is that the dictators never allow the principles of
democracy to flourish in our country.

The existence of feudal system controls the lives of millions of villagers and farmers. They are in the majority in
the country, but they do not enjoy even the rights of the minority. The uneducated people will continue the vote
for their lords and they will always remain illiterate, backward and down-trodden. The members of our elected
national and provincial assemblies are big guns. Their own benefits keep the country backward. The big
industrialists also jump into politics to share the political and commercial benefits with their “jagirdaar”
brothers. These “jagirdaars” and industrialists have always joined hands with the military dictators. The result is
that Pakistan has a history of martial-laws and dictatorial democracies.
 Our top political leaders, ministers, chief ministers, prime ministers and presidents have been coming from
upper classes. They do not understand layman’s problems because they do not have the required ability and
vision. They are responsible for martial-laws. Democracy cannot flourish in the country in the absence of
suitable leaders. Selfish leaders destroy the process of democracy and keep the country poor and backward.
The rise in terrorism, the growth of provincialism and sectarianism, population explosion and bad economic
policies have also damaged democracy. For the last sixty years, there have been dictatorial governments in
Pakistan which have led the country to irreparable losses. Every ruler promised to redress the grievances and
miseries of the common people of Pakistan but always proved to be oppressor, tyrant, and destroyer of the
country. The opposing forces are still working hard to sabotage the democratic process. We need another
Quaid-e-Azam to free us from the mental slavery and put the country back on the track of true democracy,
progress and prosperity.

Democracy did not fail in Pakistan because of illiteracy or caste or ethnic differences or any of the other reasons
put forward. The real reason is the ideology; Pakistan is wedded to. Sadly this is true of any Islamic country. The
current argument can be finished on these words of “Democracy is a device that ensures we shall be governed
no better than we deserve”. (G.B.Shaw)

(6) Kashmir Issue

Kashmir is a bone of contention between Pakistan and India. The Kashmir issue is the biggest hindrance in the
normalization of relations between Pakistan and India. The two countries have fought two full-fledged wars over
this issue. In view of its geopolitical significance, India desired to acquire Kashmir when the partition of the sub-
continent became inevitable circumstances when the Kashmiri Muslims revolted against the evil designs of
India.
“True independence and freedom can only exist in doing what’s right.” (Brigham Young)

Pakistan is of the view that only the people of Kashmir have a right to determine the future of Kashmir. The UN
resolutions of August 13, 1948, and January 5, 1949, which were accepted both by India and Pakistan provided
for the holding a plebiscite under the UN auspices to settle the Kashmir issue.

The people of Kashmir have been suffering from inexpressible miseries since 1948. The unending curfew, rape
cases, torture cells and crushing of their resources are only the slight expression of their miseries. A new hell can
be witnessed in this old heaven. India is projecting the struggle in Kashmir as “Muslim Fundamentalism”. India
cannot throw the dust into the eyes of the World Community by labeling the Kashmir Liberation Movement as
“Religious fanaticism”. In fact, the Kashmiri people along with their Islamic aspirations are fighting for the
protection of their political, religious, cultural and economic rights. It is the expression of the entire community.
The Indian authorities have failed to understand the core issue and are trying to deal with it as that of law and
order. They link it to terrorism sponsored by Pakistan.

The time has come when UNO should play an active role as it has played an Iraq-Kuwait case. The resolutions on
Kashmir are yet to be fully implemented. The UNO has lost its repute as peacekeeping and peacemaking body.
The unending struggle of the freedom fighters has proved that the will of people cannot be suppressed. It is the
moral obligation of the International Community to rescue the innocent Kashmiris from the brutalities, cruelties
and atrocities of the occupation army of India. The Muslim Ummah should also come out of its slumber and
prove it to the world that Islam is a force which cannot be suppressed.

(7) Value / Importance Of Eduacation

Education is all the more necessary to build the edifice of the nation, to mould the national character, to
inculcate a sense of duty among the people, to foster discipline and to develop the country on modern lines.
Education promotes national welfare and personal happiness. If we want to progress, to preserve our freedom,
 to see democracy flourishing and earn respect in the amity of the nations, we must be educated and well-
informed, otherwise, we make a mockery of ourselves and our freedom.

Pakistan is a middle-income country with a literacy rate of only 40%. United Nations Development programmes
report puts Pakistan in the category of “Low Human Development “ and on the basis of several other attributes
ranks it at 120 out of 160 countries on the Human Development Index. The question is, in countries like
Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Singapore, China, Indonesia and Maldives can achieve 100%
primary participation rate and above 80% literacy rates in 30 years, why has Pakistan remained so behind?

The present Pakistani educational institutions are a hybrid of the old colonial institutions and a feeble Islamic
revivalist movement. The education they provide is an incongruous mixture of pseudo-Islamic institutions
imparted without ethical or moral underpinnings. The outdated curriculum is geared to produce batteries of
neo-colonial bureaucrats. Under such an educational system, the students who specialize in scientific and
technical fields generally become mercenaries. They learn to earn a living but their contribution to the welfare
of society is minimal. Such education has failed to develop the moral fiber necessary for socio-cultural growth of
the individual and the Ummah.

A radical review of our educational system reveals the following causes of a falling standard of education in
Pakistan.
 Lack of purpose.
 Lack of political will.
 The limited sphere of secondary education.
 The low standard of secondary and higher education.
 Vocational a scientific education is very limited.
 The medium of Instruction controversy.
 Poorly –trained, poorly-paid and overworked teachers.
 Lack of formal education.
 Financial restraints.
 High population growth rate.

Education is an investment for the future of the country. Education plays a pivotal role in the socio-
economic development of a nation, enhances prosperity and improves the quality of life of a nation.
Furthermore, education and technology edge solely determines the potential and status of the country
from being a consumer to a producer country. The rapid economic development of a nation is based on
enlarging its supply of educated and trained manpower which, inturn is dependant on the broadening of
the educational system. Education generates new ideas, accelerates the pace of technological advances
and ensures efficiency and competency.

(8) My Aim In Life

My philosophy of life is that we should set our goal and then we should try hard to achieve it. The progress and
prosperity of a country is the result of the great endeavours of the dedicated men who have high ambitions in
life.

There are as many ambitions are men. Some want to be doctors, others to be engineers. Some crave to be civil
and military officers, others to be poet and novelists. My ambition in life is to have neither power nor wealth. I
do not want to be a king but a kingmaker I believe only in the well-being of mankind, and they can only be
achieved by education and reeducation of my fellow countrymen.
I want to be a teacher, no matter how strange it may sound to others. I want to be a teacher of English. Teaching
is very different and important. It is of supreme importance to influence those who are going to grow up and
matter to the world. There are many reasons for my choice.
 Teaching has been the profession of prophets, priest’s saints and moralists. I have got a good temperament and
taste for teaching. As a good mother rears good children a teacher builds up a good nation, Allah sent our
beloved Prophet (P.B.U.H) to this world as a teacher for the whole of humanity. I think the best people are those
who teach others. Engineers build grand buildings, roads and dams; doctors treat the patients; civil officers run
the administration; military officers defend the country, but it is their teachers who make them so. A teacher is
an engineer maker, a doctor maker, and an officer maker.

Some people may ask who I want to be an English teacher. The answer is that English is the language that is
spoken and understood by most of the people in the world and it is the Lingua Franca of the world. Books on
modern science, philosophy, history, commerce and other subjects are mostly in English. So, if we want to
produce good engineers, doctors, administrators and lawmakers, the study of English language in inevitable.

To achieve my ambition, I work day and night. I devote all my time to study English language and literature.
Whatever others may think of my aim, I am satisfied with it. In the final analysis, I must say that aims and
ambitions are very important to determine a career or profession for us.

(9) Target Killings: the most acute problem of Karachi

In Pakistan, targeted killings have been a rising form of violence and have contributed to security instability in
the country. They have become common and have gained attention especially in Karachi, Pakistan’s largest city
and economic capital and also in Quetta, the capital of the southern province of Baluchistan. Police and law
enforcement agencies have sometimes come under criticism for their ineffectiveness in locating the
perpetrators and investigating their motives. For most part, targeted killings in Karachi have been attributed to
political, religious and ethnic reasons. There are speculations about the killing but no real proof has been found
against any party.

Karachi is a cosmopolitan city and consists of many ethnic communities; the city’s demographics play an
important role in its politics. Ethnic politics have resulted in sporadic violence throughout Karachi’s history, often
leading to bloody conflicts. Following the Partition of India anti the independence of Pakistan in 1947, Muslim
immigrants from areas constituting modern-day India migrated in large numbers to the newly-created Muslim
nation of Pakistan and became settled in Karachi, the historical capital of the Sindh province. These migrants had
educated middle-class to upper-class backgrounds and came from cultured families; they came to be known as
Muhajir people (Muhajir meaning “immigrant”). They dominated much of Karachi’s businesses, something
which was resented by a portion of the province’s native Sind hi people and radical Sindhi nationalists. After the
breakaway of East Pakistan in 1971 and the formation of Bangladesh, Pakistan accepted a large number of
Biharis (known as “Stranded Pakistanis”) loyal to the country, trapped in Bangladesh and offered them
citizenship. The Bihari migrants assimilated into the diverse Urdu speaking Muhajir population. Some Bengalis in
Pakistan also stayed behind. The Pashtuns (Pakhtuns or Pathans), originally from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, FATA
and northern Balochistan, are now the city’s second largest ethnic group in Karachi after Muhajirs. With as high
as 7 million by some estimates, the city of Karachi in Pakistan has the largest concentration of urban Pakhtun
population in the world, including 50,000 registered Afghan refugees in the city. As per current demographic
ratio Pashtuns are about 25% of Karachi’s population.
Karachi’s status as a regional industrial centre attracted migrants from other parts of Pakistan as well, including
Punjab, Balochistan and Pashtun migrants from the frontier regions. Added to this were Iranians.

(10) The best medium of Education: English or Urdu

A language is a systematic means of communication by the use of sounds or conventional symbols. It is the code
we all use to express ourselves and communicate to others. It is a communication by word of mouth. It is the
mental faculty or power of vocal communication. It is a system for communicating ideas and feelings using
 sounds, gestures, signs or marks. Any means of communicating ideas, specifically, human speech, the expression
of ideas by the voice and sounds articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth is a language. This is a
system for communication. A language is the written and spoken methods of combining words to create
meaning used by a particular group of People.
Language, so far as we know, is something specific to humans, that is to say it is the basic capacity that
distinguishes humans from all other living beings. Language therefore remains potentially a communicative
medium capable of expressing ideas and concepts as well as moods, feelings and attitudes

Written languages use symbols (characters) to build words. The entire set of words is the language’s vocabulary.
The ways in which the words can be meaningfully combined is defined by the language’s syntax and grammar.
The actual meaning of words and combinations of words is defined by the language’s semantics.

The latest and the most advanced discoveries and inventions in science and technology are being made in the
universities located in the United States of America where English language is the means of scientific discourse

The historical circumstances of Pakistan (having been ruled by the British for over two centuries) have given the
Pakistani’s an easy access to mastering English language, and innumerable opportunities for advancement in the
field of science and technology.

English language comes to our aid in our commercial transactions throughout the globe. English is the language
of the latest business management in the world and Indian proficiency in English has brought laurels to many
Indian business managers. English is a means not only for international commerce; it has become increasingly
essential for inter-state commerce and communication

English language is one tool to establish our viewpoint. We can learn from others experience. We can check the
theories of foreigners against our experience. We can reject the untenable and accept the tenable. We can also
propagate our theories among the international audience and readers. We can make use of English to promote
our worldview and spiritual heritage throughout the globe.

(11) Remarkable scientific inventions

Science has done the greatest progress in the world.
Science helped mankind in innumerable ways. The scientifIc inventions have brought about many Changes in our
lives. The civilizations of the world have progressed by leap and bounds.

It has helped us in countless ways to make our everyday life comfortable, For travelling or transportation we
have many type~ of vehicles. We need not walk on foot or travel by slow moving bullock carts. Today we have
scooters, cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes to take from one place to another.

The invention of electricity has helped us in many ways. Today nights are not dark, winters are not so cold and
summers are not so hot.

We use bulbs or tube lights to illuminate our house, room heaters to keep us warm and cooler and AC’s to drive
away heat during summer days. The invention of T.V. sets has helped us in getting news, entertainment, live
telecasts of distant events around the world. We need not go out of our houses to witness those events. Means
of communication have vastly improved. Today news travels faster than before. There are E-mails, couriers,
telephones, telexes which provide us instant messages. A person sitting in India on telephone can talk to his
relative sitting in America or any other part of the world
 Communication satellites moving in their orbits above the earth’s atmosphere can forecast weather reports,
cyclones, tidal changes in the sea etc. much in advance. These forecasts help us to reduce the disasters likely to
take place

We have developed instruments to help us in agriculture, irrigation, generating electricity, building dams, curing
many fatal diseases. Man’s life span has been increased with the ·advancement of the medical science.
Science has helped us in building multi-stored buildings and elevators helps us to reach even the top floors
within no time and that to without straining our legs.

(12) Cell Phone a luxury or necessity

In earlier days, mobile phones were regarded as prestige icons. Quite a few people used to own cell phones. The
key target crowd was that of working men. On the other hand, these days, they have been progressed from
being just a prestige icon to a daily inevitable object. Today, we can easily find of small kids in their early teens
only owing a personal handset. Or be it housewives or older people almost everyone have their own private
mobile handset.

This increase in the number of consumers of the mobile phones in India has buoyant numerous of network
providers in attracting to his business and become the part of one of the largest telecom industry by offering
telecom services. The contest is so intense that each of the service providers tries their level to the optimum to
serve the best plans and packages to the users

Other than the call making and text sending uses, cell phones are so in due to various other user requirements
that these gadgets comfortably fulfill. MP3 players, Internet Services, GPS, FM Radio, Digital Camera, Social
networking, etc. are all such features which have put the cell phones in trend. Instead of providing all. these
service, one can easily own the cheap mobile phones in India. The services of a mobile have also advanced into
banking services, paying online bills, booking e-tickets for travel on train and airlines, booking movie tickets,
surfing the internet for various other uses. The beginning of 3G services gives a complete innovative aspect to
the mobile handsets in India. Along with all other advantages it also facilitates the user to watch TV on their
handset device.

On the whole, Mobile handsets today are mainly regarded as a medium of convenience that allows the
consumer to carry out all his day to day activities at a single go without any obstacles no issue with respect to
area and availability. Some people who have the passion for technology also get the chance to choose those
phones that facilitate them to use all the technicalities that they require to do. Also, the reduced prices and all
these amazing fancy services have resulted in a move where every individual has minimum of one mobile phone
for himself/ herself.

(13) Recent Wonders of Science

Our age is an age of science. Scientific inventions have brought about great changes in almost every walk of life.
Science has conquered time and distance. The countries at a distance of thousands of miles appear to be
situated just in our neighbourhood. The distance that formerly took months and years to cover, now takes hours
and days. In fact we feel as if all the men and women on this earth belong to one family. Besides, means of
communication and transport have been speedier and easier. The speed of traveling greatly increased. The
locomotive, the telephone and the wireless are doing great services to man

Science has saved man from a good deal of labour and has made life more interesting and enjoyable. After the
hard work of the day, one .may switch on his radio or television set and enjoys himself by listening songs or
 watching different programmes. He may choose to go to cinema or watch the movie on VCR or CD player.
Science has given us many devices to relax and enjoy the life in true manner.

Science has also done a great deal in fighting against diseases. Many diseases that were regarded fatal and
incurable are now easily cured. The invention of X-Ray, C.T.Scan and Ultra Sound has relieved man of a good
deal of misery and pain. The average age has increased and people now enjoy good health. Moreover, Science
has added a lot to human knowledge. New discoveries have been made and man is now more anxious to know
the unknown than ever before. Man has set foot on the surface of the moon and has finally accomplished a
foothold in space. We know much more about the universe than ever before

Despite all the benefits of Science, it is not an unmixed blessing. The latest arms are so deadly in nature that the
very existence of human race is threatened. An unwise use of the amazing atomic power can destroy the whole
world in a few minutes.

The fact, however, remains that Science has done lot for the benefits of humanity. Let us hope and pray that
scientific inventions would be used properly for the services of mankind.

(14) My Favourite Writer

Ashfaq Ahmed, (August 22, 1925 – September 7, 2004) was a distinguished writer, playwright, broadcaster,
intellectual and spiritualist from Pakistan. His prime qualities of heart and hand earned appreciations across the
borders. He was regarded by many as the best Urdu Afsana (short-story) writer after Saadat Hasan Manto, Ismat
Chughtai and Krishan Chander following the publication of his famous short-story Gaddarya [The Shepherd] in
1955.Ahmed was born on 22 August 1925 in Garhmukteshwar village,Ghaziabad. British India. He obtained his
early education in his native district. Shortly before independence in 1947, he migrated to Pakistan and made
the Punjab metropolis, Lahore as his abode. He completed his Masters in Urdu literature from Government
College Lahore. Bano Qudsia, his wife and companion in Urdu literary circles who is also one of the best novelists
of Urdu, was his classmate at Government College. After Partition, when Ashfaq Ahmed arrived at the Walton
refugee camp with millions of other migrants, he used to make announcements on a megaphone around the
clock. Later, he got a job in Radio Azad Kashmir, which was established on a truck that used to drive around in
various parts of Kashmir. He then got lectureship at Dayal Singh College, Lahore for two years. Where after, he
went to Rome to join Radio Rome as an Urdu newscaster. He also used to teach Urdu at Rome University. During
his stay in Europe, he got diplomas in the Italian and French languages from the University of Rome and
University of Grenoble. France. He also got special training diploma in radio broadcasting from New York
University.

He started writing stories in his childhood. Which were published in Phool [Flower] magazine. After returning to
Pakistan from Europe, he took out his own monthly literary magazine, Dastaango [Story Teller], and joined Radio
Pakistan as a script writer. He was made editor of the popular Urdu weekly, Lail-o- nahar [Day and Night], in
place of famous poet Sufi Ghulam Mustafa Tabassum by the Government of Pakistan

In 1962, Ashfaq Ahmed started his popular radio program. Talqeen Shah (The Preacher] which made him
immensely popular among the people in towns and villages. It was a weekly feature that ran for three decades.
the longest weekly radio show in the subcontinent. He was appointed director of the Markazi Urdu Board in
1966. which was later renamed as Urdu Science Board. a post he held for 29 years. He remained with the board
until 1979. He also served as adviser In the Education Ministry during Zia-ul-Haq’s regime. In the 60s, he
produced a feature film, Dhoop aur Saie [Shadows and Sunshine], which was not very successful at the box
office .Ashfaq Ahmed died on 7 September 2004 at the age of 79, of pancreatic cancer.
(15) An Exciting Cricket Match
Cricket is one of the most popular and exciting outdoor sports. Some of us get the opportunity to play first class cricket,
but there are millions who enjoy seeing I being played. It gives us moments of leisure and pleasure and fills us with a
competative spirit. I witnessed the demonstration of the greatest excitement and determination at National Stadium,
Karachi

It was a fine day A large number of people including men, women and children gathered there to enjoy the match
between Pakistan and few Zealand. To be a good sports team, one has to be aggressive and this was shown in the final
between the tw 30 teams. New Zealand won the toss and invited Pakistan to bat first . This was a big blunder that their
captain had made. Shahid Afridi and Saeed Anwar were sent as openers. It was a right decision by the captain, because
Shanid Afridi slammed the ball over the field, It was due to his hard hitting that Pakistan achieved a good start. Saeed
Anwar was very careful and most of the time simply obstructed. The bowling was quite strong, due to which Saeed
Anwar was not able to score a single run for the first fifteen minutes. But as time passed, he grasped the strategy of the
bowlers and began to fully support Afridi. He completed his half century by playing keen and beautiful shots. When he
was at a score of 88.The first slip caught him smartly. In this way the first wicket of Pakistan fell at a total of 130. After
him, Shahid Afridi could not steadily face the bowlers and proceeded towards the pavilion in a short time

Ejaz Ahmed began his batting when the Pakistani team was playing at 135. Along with Inzamamum ul Haq, he pulled up
the score to 170. The next four men were dismissed very quickly – two bowled one caught and one out leg before
wickets. However Main Khan made a stand and was able to increase the score to 218. At this moment, 10 overs
remained unbowled and three wickets in hand. Wasim Akram played a beautiful inning and Pakistani team snatched a
total of 269 for 8.
This terrifying score marked down the morals of the New Zealand Team. They made a poor start, as their first wicket fell
when the score was only ten. However, their middle order batsmen made a great effort and cheered the Kiwi Team.
Inzamam ul Haq was the person who caught the second middle order batsman at 70. The following batsmen also played
quite well and rose up the score to 220 for 5. This situation was exciting and pointed out to the defeat if Pakistan.
However, when Wasim Akram came to bowl, the hopes of Pakistanis revived. He bowled extraordinary well and just
after 5 overs, the New Zealand team had reached to 260 for 7. The rival needed barely 10 runs to win in 1 over. The
down order batsmen shook up well. Score kept on increasing gradually and they reached to 266. It was the last ball; New
Zealand requiring 4 runs to win and Waqar Younis was on the other side of the wicket. As soon as he bowled, the
wickets were slammed and Pakistan was granted another exciting victory over New Zealand. The crowd went in mad
uproar, congratulating their national champions for the great success.

(16) Merits and Demerits of Internet

As we have been ushered into the new millenium we have found” incredible changes taking place in our all spheres of
life. Now we have all the amenities and facilities of life at our disposal. The latest scientific development and technology
has changed the world into a global village. The microchip revolution is having a huge impact on contemporary life style
and modem business people at work are most likely to come into contact with microelectronics through the medium of
information technology.
Life without internet is hard to imagine now. People use it for so much; job hunting, entertainment, travel reservations,
comparison shopping (which store is selling what I want at the best price), getting information, e-mail, and much more.

One benefit of the internet is that children are becoming smarter. They are growing up computer literate and will have
that as a huge advantage. Children are now also able to complete homework on line. In some places, if you miss school
you can find out the assignments that you miss and catch up on internet.
If you have friend or family member living a long distance away, you can contact them by-mail for free, saving money in
long distance charges. Movies, songs, and games can be down loaded via the Internet to your computer, and many of
them are free, as well. Do your banking online at 2 a.m or take an online class in math or basket weaving. The Internet
has truly revolutionized how we connect with other people, as well as business

However, what about the disadvantages though? You are putting out information. About your name, location, age,
gender, and many other types of information that you may not want to let others know. Most people would say be
careful, but no one can be certain at any given time.’ As long as people can know who you exactly are, then some can
find ways to do you in.
There is a potential for failure of security in both personal and business context. While many sites apply certain
measures to keep any of these cases of harassment, , online scams, and identity theft to an absolute minimum, you still
may never know.

(17) Qualities of a Good Student

A good student is that who loves his studies and does justice to his book. He considers his studies to’ be his first priority
and tries to make the most of the time available for studies. He always keeps in mind the respect of the books, teachers,
fellow students and the building in which he studies. He sits in the class attentively and listens to the teacher carefully.
He does not ask any questions unless he is allowed to do so. He never deviates from the topic. After the lecture, he
discusses the topic with his fellow students. He .never clings to his own point of view and gives serious consideration to
their reasoning
A good student always tries to apply his learning and studies to the world around him. He tries to find the practical uses
of his knowledge in daily routine. An ideal student is not prejudiced and jealous in intellectual matters

He does not takes short cuts towards the tasks of his studies but always follows a thorough approach and keeps his eye
on the upcoming challenges of his field of learning. He tries to prepare himself for those future challenges by having a
close understanding of the boundaries and limitations of his subject.

Besides that, a good student has high morale. Moral values such as kindness, compassion and consideration are always
put into practice in his daily life. He will always be prepared to do his duty as a civic-minded person to ensure the
cleanliness of his surroundings.

Moreover, he is courteous and always lends a hand to the sick and needy. A good student is a cheerful student too. He
always greets the world with an optimistic frame, of mind and smiles at people he meets every day . Besides, he will
willingly teach those who are slow and enlighten those who are in the dark. He provides a shoulder for his peers to cry
on and lends an ear to any problems. A good student is a student who is not only caring but also amiable and accessible
to all.
A good student has to be good in many aspects. He has to be able to manage his time and live a healthy, happy and
satisfying life. Although no student in this world is a perfect student, the ideal student has to be able to study smart.

(18) Value Of Descipline

Discipline, according to the dictionary, means the training of the mind and character of a person to observe self-control
of habits of obedience to the superiors, seniors or to the established authority. Man is born free. Why then, should he
bind himself with do’s and don’ts? Is discipline absolutely necessary? What would happen if we refuse to discipline
ourselves? In order to find an answer to these questions we have to look at the natural scheme of things around
ourselves. The entire cosmos, all the heavenly bodies and all the natural objects, seem to be acting, moving or existing
under a discipline of their own. The plants and crops grow in a disciplined way ; the various organs of our body co-
operate with one another ; the food we take has to be taken in a disciplined way. Life of animals is also a model of
disciplined living. This ants move in straight lines with a single-minded attention; the bees work as a team ; the animals
 in the forest have their own organized way of life. Discipline, therefore, is a basic necessity of life. The proper growth of
life is impossible if there is no discipline in it.

Discipline is necessary in every sphere of life. It is necessary in schools and colleges. Students should be respectful to
their teachers. The teachers should show proper respect to the Principal. This surely helps in the progress of a school
or a college. Discipline makes life harmonious and useful.
Discipline is necessary for social and national life. It includes mutual help and co-operation. We should not hate
discipline thinking that it puts some curbs on liberty. It is a wrong idea. Every citizen must learn to control.
Discipline is important both in games and studies. We need discipline both in the class-room and at the playground. At
the playground, the player must obey the rules of the game. He must obey the referee.
Discipline should be self-imposed. It should come from within. Self-discipline is necessary for health and for progress in
life. By observing discipline, we can make our lives bright.
One should observe discipline even in small things of life. Punctuality is a form of discipline. Good manners are also a
mark of discipline. The habit of discipline always makes up happy. It strengthens the nation
Nowhere is discipline more necessary than in the army. Here a little indiscipline may mean defeat and death. A soldier
must obey his commander

(19) Role of students in the establishment of peace in the society

Society is a group of people who commonly share values, requirements and interests. Student is an important pillar in
building and educated society as education is the basis for living in a world community as trade, industry, economic or
political. For the prosperity and betterment of a society, the foremost role of student is to get knowledge and
wisdom and must not waste his/her Precious time carelessly.
He must submit himself to the rules of discipline to build a civilized society. They realize their roles and curies towards a
cultured society. They must develop habits of self-reliance and try not to use unfair- means In every aspect.
A student can understand and help common people to understand their rights. He is expected to be well informed as well
as balanced in his views, he must know that he is prepared to offer his co-operation and services for wellbeing of the
society. As he is conscious of right and wrong, good and bad, he will not follow another man dictates blindly

Student must contribute himself for Improvement, judge and act for a civilized society. They may stand for the strength of
will, truthfulness, high sense of duty and honor, spirit of service and sacrifice. A student must know his talent and utilize it
in a right manner. Material consideration and getting fame should not move him from the right path.

Students of today are leaders of tomorrow so they should perform their tasks for the goodness of their society and
ultimately for their beloved homeland. We can have peace and a prosperous society if students keep in mi’1d the above
mentioned qualities and practice them. The students of today’s generation need to be a role model not only for the future
generations to come but for the older generation as well and they should act as an ambassador of world peace.
and power-hungry authoritarian government. It should be taught by education .

(20) Social Media : Merits And Demerits

Social media is a tool that is becoming quite popular these days because of its user-friendly features. Social media
platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and more are giving people a chance to connect with each other across
distances. In other words, the whole world is at our fingertips all thanks to social media. The youth is especially one of the
most dominant users of social media. All this makes you wonder that something so powerful and with such a massive
reach cannot be all good. Like how there are always two sides to a coin, the same goes for social media. Subsequently,
different people have different opinions on this debatable topic. So, in this essay on Social Media, we will see the
advantages and disadvantages of social media.
 Advantages of Social Media :
 When we look at the positive aspect of social media, we find numerous advantages. The most important being a
great device for education. All the information one requires is just a click away. Students can educate
themselves on various topics using social media.

 Moreover, live lectures are now possible because of social media. You can attend a lecture happening in
America while sitting in Pakistan.

 Furthermore, as more and more people are distancing themselves from newspapers, they are depending on
social media for news. You are always updated on the latest happenings of the world through it. A person
becomes more socially aware of the issues of the world.

 In addition, it strengthens bonds with your loved ones. Distance is not a barrier anymore because of social
media. For instance, you can easily communicate with your friends and relatives overseas.

 Most importantly, it also provides a great platform for young budding artists to showcase their talent for free.
You can get great opportunities for employment through social media too.

 Another advantage definitely benefits companies who wish to promote their brands. Social media has become a
hub for advertising and offers you great opportunities for connecting with the customer.

Disadvantages of Social Media :

 Despite having such unique advantages, social media is considered to be one of the most harmful elements of
society. If the use of social media is not monitored, it can lead to grave consequences.

 It is harmful because it invades your privacy like never before. The oversharing happening on social media makes
children a target for predators and hackers. It also leads to cyber bullying which affects any person significantly.

 Thus, the sharing on social media especially by children must be monitored at all times. Next up is the addition of
social media which is quite common amongst the youth.

 This addiction hampers with the academic performance of a student as they waste their time on social media
instead of studying. Social media also creates communal rifts. Fake news is spread with the use of it, which poisons
the mind of peace-loving citizens.

 In short, surely social media has both advantages and disadvantages. But, it all depends on the user at the end. The
youth must particularly create a balance between their academic performances, physical activities, and social
media. Excess use of anything is harmful and the same thing applies to social media. Therefore, we must strive to
live a satisfying life with the right balance.

(21) Value Of Discipline

The entire cosmos, all the heavenly bodies and all the natural objects, seem to be acting, moving or existing under a
discipline of their own. The plants and crops grow in a disciplined way ; the various organs of our body co-operate with
one another ; the food we take has to be taken in a disciplined way. Life of animals is also a model of disciplined living.
This ants move in straight lines with a single-minded attention; the bees work as a team ; the animals in the forest have
their own organized way of life. Discipline, therefore, is a basic necessity of life. The proper growth of life is impossible
if there is no discipline in it.
 Discipline is necessary in every sphere of life. It is necessary in schools and colleges. Students should be respectful to
their teachers. The teachers should show proper respect to the Principal. This surely helps in the progress of a school
or a college. Discipline makes life harmonious and useful.

Discipline is necessary for social and national life. It includes mutual help and co-operation. We should not hate
discipline thinking that it puts some curbs on liberty. It is a wrong idea. Every citizen must learn to control himself.

Discipline is important both in games and studies. We need discipline both in the class-room and at the playground. At
the playground, the player must obey the rules of the game. He must obey the referee.

Discipline should be self-imposed. It should come from within. Self-discipline is necessary for health and for progress in
life. By observing discipline, we can make our lives bright.

One should observe discipline even in small things of life. Punctuality is a form of discipline. Good manners are also a
mark of discipline. The habit of discipline always makes up happy. It strengthens the nation. Nowhere is discipline
more necessary than in the army. Here a little indiscipline may mean defeat and death. A soldier must obey his
commander.

(22) Merits And Demerits of mobile Phones

Cell phones are having a great leverage in our reside and are very convenient to keep with us. Cell phones are a much
quicker and more effective way to move information. really, it is an asset that donates its user’s great benefits.In
previous times mobile phone utilized to be a craze, emblem of money and achievement but nowadays even children find
it a necessity of life.I would want to list some fast good and awful things about a usual mobile phone.

Merits of Mobile Phone:

 Nothing over a mobile phone involves nice facilitate in emergency. you're driving by the main road and also the
vehicle jams and cellular phone involves your rescue. you're stuck in an exceedingly lone place, once more decision
someone and raise directions.
 Parents are often slightly less disquieted regarding their youngsters by being in constant bit with them.
 Trendy and trendy cell phones are often used as a bait to receive attention. It is often a part of fashion and styling.
 From the industry and economy purpose of read, mobile phone corporations (communication industry) is
flourishing with market capital in billions. this is often an honest factor for the economy to be swish and healthy.
 Nowadays, cell phones aren't simply phone calls; they’re regarding electronic communication, video, songs, games,
timer, notes, calendar, reminder, etc. thus one instrumentality, lots’ of uses!
Demerits of Mobile Phone:
 Some folks (especially teens) get most hooked in to cell phones for talking, video, messaging, games, etc that
they forget the important purpose of the phone and waste massive a part of their time in spare interaction over
their cell phones

 Health of these living within the neighborhood of mobile phone towers is turning into a growing concern.
Towers result into a part with concrete development alongside destruction of natural options (vegetation etc)
round the place. The towers additionally emit robust magnetism signals, which may be hazard for those living
close and United Nations agencies are becoming exposed to robust radiations endlessly throughout an honest
span of their lives.
 The continuous exposure of signal to and from our cellular phone will be a cancer concern, though to a meager
amount- analysis continues to be happening. However, the portable business has long resisted any suggestion of
a link to cancer, although it accepts that portable radiation will have an effect on the electrical activity within the
brain.
  The battery components and different electronic components of a mobile phone will be environmental hazard if
not disposed off properly through approved suggests that.
 The portable advertisements through messages have become a pain for the mobile phone users.

(23) PSL - 4 OR An Interesting T-20 Match

PAKISTAN SUPER LEAGUE- BRIEF INTRODUCTION:

PSL is a professional T20 cricket franchise league. The Pakistan Super League was founded in Lahore, Pakistan on 9th
September 2015 with five teams and later become six teams. The Pakistan Super League season runs between the
months of February and March. with each team playing 10 matches in double round.
The top four teams with the best record qualify for the playoffs and culminate in the championship game, the PSL Cup
Final. The Present PSL 2019 Champion is Quetta Gladiators . The current champions are Islamabad United, who won
the title on 25 March 2018 in Karachi.
PSL CAPTAINS 2019 :
Here is the the names of all captains of Pakistan Super League .
1. Darren Sammy (west indies cricket team)
2. Imad Wasim (Islamabad Leopards)
3. Sarfaraz Ahmed (Pakistan National cricket Team)
4. Mohammad Hafeez (Pakistan National Cricket)
5. Mohammad Sami
6. Shoaib Malik (Pakistan National Cricket)
PSL 4 is the fourth season of the Pakistan Super League.
PSL TEAMS :
PSL 2019 featured six teams
1. Karachi Kings
2. Islamabad Untied
3. Lahore Calendars
4. Peshawar Zalmi
5. Quetta Gladiators
6. Multan Sultan)
Every Pakistan Super League team played each other twice and the top four teams Islamabad United, Karachi
Kings,Quetta Gladiators and Peshawar Zalmi qualified for a series of playoff games while Lahore Qalandars and Multan
Sultans failed to qualify for playoff stage in PSL 4.
PSL top 2 teams Islamabad United and Karachi Kings played the first qualifier in which Islamabad United beat Karachi
Kings team by 8 wickets. The next two teams Peshawar Zalmi and Quetta Gladiators played an eliminator in which
Peshawar Zalmi beat Quetta Gladiators by 1 run.
The loser of the first qualifier Karachi Kings and the winner of the eliminator Peshawar Zalmi met in the second qualifier
Match. Peshawar Zalmi won by 13 runs.
The final took place on 27 March 2019 at National Stadium in Karachi. Pakistan. The tickets for final were sold out within
3 hours. Peshawar Zalmi won the toss and elected to bat first and set a target of 149 for Quetta Gladiators. Quetta
Gladiators chased the target in 17th over with the loss of seven wickets.
PSL 2019 WINNER :
Quetta Gladitors won the PSL 2019.

(24) Importance of English Language

English has been the considered to be the first global Lingua Franca. In today’s modern world the English language has
become part and parcel of every existing field. It has been an international language of communication, business,
science, information technology, entertainment and so on. Earlier everyone is considered to be literate by their degrees
and diplomas, but the knowledge of English language makes an individual literate in today’s world. Though many
countries do have English as their native language, those who have the command over the English Language are
considered and respected as highly educated. Moreover they ocean of career opportunities are opened to those English
speaking people anywhere and everywhere. It has become the working of English and also an inevitable requirement for
a number of fields, professions such as computing and medicine.
In today’s world of globalization, we have to get knowledge of advanced technologies and all kinds of branches of
Science. There is an urgent requirement of such a common language which can be understood by youth all over India
and the language in which all data and information is available. Moreover English language becomes a store house of
social and political knowledge. The most recent and the most sophisticated discoveries and inventions in science and
technology are being made in the universities located in the United States of America where English language is the
means of scientific discourse.

The world of today needs English for some of the following reasons:
Internet:
Due to the rapid growth of Information Technology especially the world of internet, English Language rules users of
Internet. We cannot be effective in the internet world without the English Language. It has also become the official
language of the internet.
Education:
The field of education has amplified the function of English Language. Most of the educational resources, materials and
books are in English.
Communication:
The most important function of a language is to communicate properly. Hence English language also plays a powerful
tool in communication.
Travel:
When we travel around the globe, the English Language becomes the rescue factor to communicate with everyone.
Business:
In order to communicate with the business people of other countries, English Language becomes the effective tool. It is
the trading language of the world to a certain extend.

(25) Patriotism

Patriotism is the feeling of love and respect for one’s country. Patriots are known to love their country unconditionally
and are proud of it. Every country in the world has its set of patriots – people who are ready to do anything for their
country. However, the spirit of patriotism seems to be fading these days owing to the growing competition in every field
as well as the changing lifestyle of people.

In the past, particularly during the British reign, many people came forward to instil the feeling of patriotism among their
fellow countrymen. Patriots held meetings, gave lectures and used various other means to inspire the people around
them. In the same way, a feeling of patriotism must be instilled in the young generation today too. This must be done
when they are still young. Schools and colleges must take initiative to instil children with a feeling of love and respect for
their country. Many institutions host functions and organize events on 14th August and 23 rd march. Patriotic songs are
sung and a feeling of patriotism seems to engulf the entire nation around that time. But is this real patriotism? No! Such
an atmosphere must be created in general and not just around these special dates. It is then that such a feeling will be
instilled in the heart of every citizen forever.
A nation where the youth loves the country and is driven towards improving its condition socially and economically
would certainly grow better.
A true patriot is the one who works hard for the betterment of his country. He contributes his bit towards improving the
condition of his country in whatever way he can. A true patriot does not only work towards building his nation but also
inspires those around him to do so.
(26) Life In A Big City /Life Of Karachi / Karachi: The Mini Pakistan
One often wonders as to what constitutes a big city; is it the number of people living in an area that make it big or is it
the facilities available in an area that make it famous. Karachi for many Pakistanis is a place where they can make their
ends meet; it is a place where people who work hard can find jobs-all in all a place where people make their dreams
come true. For many of the people living in the rural and underdeveloped areas of Pakistan visiting or staying in Karachi
is an ultimate dream; the dream to see the city of lights surrounded by sea and perhaps places where they can have fun
with their family.

Karachi over the years has lost this image, thanks to the chaotic security and political situation. It has been plagued with
all sorts of societal crimes bringing a bad name to the city and tarnishing the 60 years old status and name it had made.
Once labeled as the ‘city of lights’, the city at times has no light for nearly 24 hours; the water that surrounded the city
has also not been spared and made to mix with the city’s untreated sewage.

Now let us come down to the places where one can visit and enjoy. Whenever one talks about Karachi one of the first
places that comes in mind is the Quaid’s mausoleum, the final resting place of our beloved founder. Over the years this
place despite undergoing a massive renovation and uplift project has lost its attractiveness with the lack of maintenance
and security in and around the Mausoleum. The videos on internet, newspaper reports of kidnappings and rapes have
helped in turning away people from coming and seeing the founder’s mausoleum.

The other place that comes in mind is of beaches. The shore line along the city that is referred to as the beach have
emerged to be a blessing by God for us with people reaching out there and enjoying the water with their loved ones;
thinking little about the problems, letting go of all the troubles and relaxing amongst the sea breeze and the noise of the
waves.

Sadly, the authorities have slowly started to work on this to take away the happiness from the people. Surrounding the
beach route with all possible disputed areas has created hurdles for everyone to go out there and relax. Unlike in other
countries where the beach is kept separate from the city buzz, our smart boards have done quite the opposite, forcing
people to enjoy near the sea where the entire city’s sewage end.

To top it off the frequent uproar of target killings have made it worst for the city to live up to its expectations. With
people fearing for their lives and staying indoors the city of lights is turning into the city of darkness. All that one can see
around is gloominess and sadness for one reason or the other. I am not any politician or anything but what I see and
hear people around me saying is quite disappointing, the distance between the ethnic communities is at its peak and if
nothing is done soon the city of light might not remain a city instead turn into a massive graveyard.

(27) Value Of E-Commerce

Daraz ,Hummart, amazon or foodpanda . One must have definitely heard these names.Today, online shopping and
electronic consumerism have become a daily routine.People buy books online and book flight tickets online. But did this
effect the daily consumerism? In fact is it an full stop to the daily consumerism?

What is e-commerce? E-commerce or electronic commerce is the buying and selling of products or service over the
internet or any other electronic media .It includes electronic fund transfer,internet marketing,online transaction
processing etc..Modern E-commerce is typically bound to the internet.Though it may encompass many other methods
like telephonic booking, it uses the internet at least in one point of time.

E-commerce, the idea of online shopping was first put forth by Micheal Aldrich in 1979.He had connected a modified
domestic TV to a real-time transaction processing computer via a domestic telephone line.Later in 1990,when Tim
Berners-Lee invented the world wide web, e-commerce has got a scope to expand itself. Amazon.com which was first
launched in 1995 by Jeff Bezos is the first online shopping site .

In addition, most of the e-commerce sites these days provide 'cash on delivery' system where one can pay the amount
after receiving the product in condition and as desired.This doesnt only guarantee proper condition of the order to be
received by the customer, but also earns his trust.

Apart from books and tickets,one generally buy clothes, footwear, furniture, dress , ornaments and what not?All these
products are just related to one sector of E-commerce, shopping.Electronic fund transfer methods are used extensively
these days.Today,every customer with a savings bank account is facilitated with internet and mobile banking
facilities.One can deposit or receive money from his mobile phone or laptop instead of going to the nearest branch
along with the passbook and standing in a queue for a long time on a working day.

E-commerce is a global trend today.The growth of e-commerce is expected to be 10% between 2010 and 2015.It is a
trend in leading nations like USA, UK , China and also in India.e-commerce has become a tool in the world not only to sell
to customers, but also to engage them and make them aware of new offers.

There have been sectors which have withstood this trend.Daily groceries, stationeries, dairy products , fruits and
vegetables are few of these sectors.Generally, small scale firms with one or two employees have withstood this

(28) trend.Peace: Road To Prosperity

Peace and Harmony is the basic requirement of any nation. The citizens of a country feel safe and secure and can
prosper only if a peaceful environment is maintained. While the people of India largely enjoy a peaceful environment,
however, the peace and harmony of the country is disrupted many a times owing to various factors.
Pakistan enjoys unity in diversity. People belonging to different religions, castes and creeds live together in the country.
The Constitution of India gives its citizens the freedom of equality and various laws are in force to ensure peace and
harmony in the country. However, there have been several instances when peace has been disrupted in the country
owing to different reasons. Here are essays of varying lengths to help you with the topic in your exam.

Peace and Harmony is the basic need of any nation. Only if a nation enjoys peace and harmony would it be able to
prosper. The Constitution of our country includes laws to ensure political and social equality among the citizens in order
to avoid clashes and maintain harmony among its citizens.

Though the people of our country live peacefully with each other, often the peace is disturbed owing to some political,
social, economic and religious factors. Price rise and unemployment also creates unrest among the people. People often
come forward to protest against these issues due to which the normal functioning of the society is disrupted.

Terrorism is another factor that hampers the peaceful living of the people. Several terrorist attacks have been carried
out in the past and the life of people has been disturbed owing to these.
The government as well as the citizens of the country must work together to bring about peace and harmony in the
country.

(29) Importance Of Commerce Education

It is said that whole life is a big schooling. One is never too old to learn. What is necessary is the willingness to
learn. All knowledge is possible through the two eyes - curiosity and desire. Knowledge is like a vast, unfathomable
ocean.
Education may be liberal or it may be special. Now a days there are three faculties in higher education namely arts,
commerce and science. Young people, now a days, are generally guided by lucrative aims. There main desire is to earn
money and become rich. Very few aspire for knowledge for the sake of knowledge-the aim for the older generations.
Business education offers good prospects for the ambitious person. Many of them join commerce colleges or take
admission in commerce with the aim of getting good jobs.

Economic activities and aims dominate the minds of modern men. Business, commerce and industries are important
branches of economic activities. Industries are said to be the backbone of national economy. Trade or business follows
the flag. The Englishmen came to India as traders and ultimately became the masters.

Commerce is at the moment a promising subject as a whole. In the present day world, almost every human activity is
related with economy, whether in the shape of trade and industry or commerce and banking. Any concern which has
transaction of money, a commerce graduate has his footing there. Secondly, the related fields of commerce are many
and varied. Science, in spite of its expanding scope, is yet limited in providing jobs to the teeming millions. The scope of
science is all the more limited in backward countries like Pakistan. The Humanities subjects are also not very promising
from the profession point of view. Arts subjects appear to have lost their worth from earning point of view.
In view of above stated facts, it maybe said that commerce graduates have some what better prospects in Pakistan.

(30) Inflation: Its Causes and Solution

Collective increase in the supply of money, in money incomes, or in prices refers to inflation. Inflation is generally
thought of as an undue rise in the general level of prices.
It can be stated as;
“Inflation is a situation whereby there is a continuous and persistent rise in the general price level.”

The major cause of increase in the price level is an increase in money supply. It may be due to increase in currency or
credit money. Increase in the stock of money induces people to demand more and more of goods and services.
According to the Fisher’s Quantity Theory of Money, if there is an increase in the velocity of circulation of money it also
leads to inflation. Investments also play an important role in producing inflation. At the moment of investment the
economy’s stock of wealth and money expands and it results in inflation. Government of Pakistan has to make a lot of
non-productive expenditures like defense etc. Such unproductive expenditures lead to the wastage of economy’s
precious resources and also lead to inflation. Corruption and black money leads to increase in aggregate demand, which
is cause of inflation. These evils increase aggregate demand and import volume. Deficit financing is another cause of
inflation. It increases the money supply and leads to inflation. Increase in foreign remittances is increasing the money
supply in our country. Increase in money supply leads to inflation. Foreign aids are also a source of mobilization of
resources form rich countries to poor countries. It is also a cause of inflation in Pakistan.Due to demonstration effect
people of our country want to copy the styles of people of rich countries. In this way there is an increase in consumption
trends that leads to inflation.Population of Pakistan is increasing day by day. Increasing population is demanding more
and it creates inflation.

One popular method of controlling inflation is through contractionary monetary policy. The goal of a contractionary
policy is to reduce the money supply within an economy by decreasing bond prices and increasing interest rates.

There are three main ways to carry out a contractionary policy. The first is to increase interest rates through the Federal
Reserve. The Federal Reserve rate is the rate at which banks borrow money from the government, but, in order to make
money, they must lend it at higher rates. So, when the Federal Reserve increases its interest rate, banks have no choice
but to increase their rates as well.The second method is to increase reserve requirements on the amount of money
banks are legally required to keep on hand to cover withdraws. The more money banks are required to hold back, the
less they have to lend to consumers.The third method is to directly or indirectly reduce the money supply by enacting
policies that encourage reduction of the money supply.
Conclusion:
Inflation is everywhere in an economy. Its rate is high in developing countries and is low in poor developed counties.
Effective operation of monetary and fiscal policy is essential to control the inflation.

(31) Importance Of Muslim Unity

The word "unity" is derived from the word "unit" which means "one". Simply, we can call a nation united when all the
people of that particular nation have same beliefs, ideas, and thoughts and they work together with peace and harmony.

We all know that unity is strength; it is one of the essential components of a strong nation. Great things can be achieved
if there is unity among the people.

Similarly, the Muslims need unity. It is very important for Muslims to have unity among them. This can lift them higher. It
can make them progress.

Muslims need to work together with loyalty, patriotism, and spirit of hard work so that they can make their economy
strong. If Muslims trade among each other and work for welfare, this can help in building strong economy.

Apart from this, unity can save the Muslims from enemy attacks. A single person can be easily distracted or attacked. But
a large group of people are hard to overcome. In the same way, Muslims must stay together with love and sympathy,
they should avoid minor disputes and quarrels so that they’ll be strong and no other nation would be able to attack or
overcome them.

In past, Muslims were superior and prosperous due to unity and understanding. But now they have split apart due to
which other nations are overtaking them.

Unity has much significance and if Muslims unite again, work together, and ignore minor disagreements, they can regain
their position.

(32) Female Education

The history of progress of the human race is the history of education. Hence it is necessary for every person, man or
woman, to be educated. The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. Women should be educated like men; otherwise
there can be no peace or no progress. If you yoke an unbroken (untrained) horse with highly trained one, the carriage
will be dashed to pieces sand the occupants’ lives will be destroyed. The family peace cannot be preserved with such ill-
matched life-long companions.
Need for Female Education:
Napoleon was once asked what the greatest need of France was. He answered “Motherland’s National progress is
impossible without trained and educated mothers.” If the women in any country are not educated about half the people
in that country will be ignorant. The result is that such a country will not be able to go along with other nations in
development and progress.
Duties of Woman:
A woman has to play three distinct parts in the course of her life in each of which certain duties are expected of her. If
she is able to do these well she is worthy of being called perfect woman. It is only by the help of education that she can
hope to be able to do them satisfactorily.
The first duty of a woman is to be a good daughter. The second is to be a good wife. And the third is to be a good
mother. Education teaches a mother what she should be. It also teaches her how she would do it to be a good daughter,
a good wife and a good mother.

Advantages of an Educated Wife:

Many men spend their evening time at clubs and societies. But a gentleman with an educated wife will not feel the need
of clubs and societies. He can share his thoughts with her and seek her advice in the trouble. He can spend his leisure
time in her company. An educated lady will be a good friend, a clever nurse and useful adviser to her husband. She will
be a true help-mate. She can retain husband’s affection and regard. An uneducated lady is always unable to share in his
interests.
Influence of an Educated Mother:
There is a saying in English that “The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world”. The meaning is this that the mother
exercises a very great influence over the lives of her children and is able to mold thoughts and characters. If she is
educated she will make such and impression the mind of her child, that it will enable him in later life to grow into a good
and great man.
Conclusion:
Thus education will enable women to make their parents, husbands and children truly happy. Consequently it is very
important that women should be educated.

(33) Importance Of Dams

According to Water Aid, Pakistan is one of the 36 most water-stressed countries in the world. Pakistan is also in the top
10 of countries with the most people living without clean drinking water. Currently, 16 million people in Pakistan have
no other option than collecting unsafe water for drinking and cleaning, leading to massive amounts of water-borne
disease.

Available water per capita has dropped from 5,600 to 903 cubic meters, as of 2016. At the current levels of
consumption, this number is expected to drop to 500 cubic meters per person in the coming years.

While water supply and storage are shrinking, Pakistan's population is rapidly growing, placing greater stress on the
already taxed water system. Experts believe Pakistan's existing water policy and systems will be unable to sustain the
current levels of growth .Since so many of Pakistan's citizens rely on agriculture for gainful activity, water scarcity in
Pakistan would spell economic disaster and famine. A water crisis could even become an issue of national security, since
trans boundary water resources have historically been a significant source of tension with nuclear rival India.

Since Pakistan has started the construction of Mohmand and Diamer Bhasha Dam. Diamer Bhasha Dam is expected to
generate 4500 MW of electricity and has a storage capacity of 8.1 MAF. It is my humble request to every citizen living in
Pakistan to donate as much as they can as water now has become a national issue.

(34) The Role Of Social Media

We can already define social media according to the terms. When we say media, the ideas that come to our mind are
instruments used for communication like a radio or a newspaper. Social media, by the way of being social, is composed
of society or persons interacting with each other. Social media is a social instrument of communication, as it is described
in the best way.
The communication process contains different elements. These elements are the message, the sender, the channel, and
the receiver. The channel used in the social media is the internet. Just like being in a conversation, the receiver is able to
give feedback to the sender. This is advantageous because the sender will be able to know if the message was delivered
appropriately and also, the sender will also know the view of the receiver to the idea he/she has received.
In this generation, social media are very much accepted by the society. It is even already part of people’s life that roles
might change if it is taken away. Social media is not only for communication and entertainment purposed. It also can be
used in business only if the right button is pushed.
Businesses don’t embrace social media because of their fear of loss of data. But this risk can be overcome through the
application of technology and other controls. Security can be provided to protect the site from being infiltrated by
hackers. Social media can be used to find, communicate, and deal with customers.

There are already a lot of online shops. A businessman can post their product online and shoppers can buy through the
internet. It is quite popular nowadays since it is more convenient to anyone who doesn’t want to go out to shop.
Other form of businesses also make their websites to introduce their company and as a form of advertisement.

(35) Role Of Media

Media is playing great role in every society. It plays important role in setting agendas of public. We all are bombarded
with so much information all the day. Electronic media, print media and social media are some common types of media.
Print media is the oldest media in this history.

In Pakistan, media is working freely and independently. In case of electronic media there are a number of channels are
working including news, sports and entertainment channels.Media should be very sensitive while presenting its country
towards the world. Our media tells the world what exactly we are, what are our norms, values and culture.

Role of media in Pakistan is getting quite irresponsible; as there are so many talk shows and political debates on the
screen all the time and sometimes they seems to be crossing their limits. Media should work in its limits and according
to some rules and regulations. Besides spreading exaggeration, Pakistani media should resolve the matters with positive
attitude.

Role of media in Pakistan cannot be neglected; Pakistani media relates dramas, movies, sports, news and entertainment
and so many features to the people. Media has played very important role in reshaping, and changing the people in
Pakistan. It has revealed the facts to the people about crimes and social issues and also informed the people about the
issues outside their country and most importantly, media has shown the behavior of other countries to the Pakistan.

Somehow media, on the name of freedom of press, is completely going in a new direction. There is a great competition
among the channels and it has gone to fierce conditions, that they have starting to use negative tools, too increase their
viewership. Media has been thinking to be a positive and sophisticated tool to talk about image building. No doubt
media is doing fine work with positive approach towards the people and society. It’s the requirement of time that our
media should work for the positive and real soft image of Pakistan.

(36) The Place Of Women In Pakistan

Woman is one of the best creatures of the universe. She has been equally endowed with in terms of intellect, prudence
and rights as man has been.The state of woman in Pakistan as compared to man are awfully miserable. She is badly
victim of domestic violence and sexual assaults at working places. She is indeed meted out with massive atrocity and
injustice. She is being denied her due social, economic, political and financial rights. She suffers badly in pursuit of her
fundamental rights.
Surprisingly enough, she has been deprived of her basic birth right of education which is the best source of women
empowerment. It is only education that can empower her not only socially but also financially and professionally. It will
be because of education that helps her widen the mental horizon. Thus, it is an undeniable fact that provision of
education to every ordinary woman on the basis of equality can considerably change her fate. Undoubtedly, education
plays a role of backbone in the development of woman at every level.
The state of rural women as compared to urban ones needs urgent attention. The rural women are undergoing worst
experiences at the hands of feudal lards. The have been kept vastly ignorant of their fundamental rights such as
education, health, participation in politics, professional and financial liberty. They being illiterate and uneducated can
not fight for their basic rights. This gruesome state of woman is just because of lack of education.
Inevitably enough, poor economic condition of woman has badly told upon state of woman. She has no say in any
domestic affairs of life. She has been victim of male dominance. It is only male, who is to wield power in both domestic
and private affairs of life. Whether it be choice of marriage, casting votes and some other financial and professional
matters.
There is another social evil of our society which is feudalism. It wipes out the entire factors which help woman to be
empowered. It has really become a stumbling block in woman Empowerment. This social evil urgently needs to be
addressed so that the chances of woman empowerment can became possible in the near future.
Truly speaking, the poor state of woman can only be improved by promoting education ranging from primary to higher
level and opening up the doors of opportunity for jobs in different departments. So that they can become socially,
economically, politically and professionally strong.

(37) My Favorite Hobby

A hobby is something that you love to get involve with, in your pass time or in leisure. It is the first thing that comes to
your mind when you get bored. I also have a hobby that I like to get involved in whenever I have time – drawing.

Since childhood, I have developed an interest for drawing and love to make sketches, filling a white sheet of paper with
life and colors. I don’t know what prompted me towards drawing; nevertheless it is my favorite pastime and my favorite
hobby.

Drawing has many mental benefits apart from improving your drawing skills with every new sketch you make. It
improves your imagination as your mind constantly juggles through the thoughts of making new figures and filling it with
colors.
To draw a sketch in detail you need to be focused and keep your mind concentrated, eliminating any kind of external
distraction. The attention to detail that you put in the drawing will require all your imagination and concentration. The
ability to concentrate while doing a particular job stays with you always in other works as well.

Drawing is good for the development of the brain and hand-eye coordination. You will constantly think new thins to
draw and immediately start giving it shape on paper, working your eyes, brain and hand in synchronization. Drawing is a
wonderful hobby which could be fun and in my opinion everyone should take up drawing as a pass time activity if not a
full time hobby.

(38) Knowledge Is Power

Knowledge is power. This is true whether the power which knowledge gives is used for good or for evil. By his medical
knowledge, a doctor can cure diseases and save his patients' life. But the black mailer by the knowledge of some ones
secret can bleed his victim under the threat of disclosure. It generally shows that the man who knows some advantage
over the man who does not know. In this way educated classes has aways been able to rule over the ignorants.

Desire for the power is in man's nature. The history of the world, so far as the man is concerned, is a history of power.
Chestes Field ones said:
“Knowledge is comfortable and necessary retreat and shelter
for us in an advanced age. If we do not plant it while young,
it will give is no shade when we grow old.”
Physically man is comparatively weak animal. He cannot run like the horses and fly like the birds. He is no match in
strength for elephants, lions and bears. Yet he conquers all these strong and furious beats. It is his superior knowledge
and intelligence that makes him the master of creatures.
“It was the knowledge given to the man that made him the true deputy of God.”

(39) Co-Education
Co- education, as the word denotes, means education of boys and girls together in schools and colleges. When both the
sexes receive education jointly, there is no need for separate institutions. This is obviously an advantage from the
economic point of view since separate institutions and separate staff for those institutions will entail greater
expenditure.
Co-education has many more important advantages. It enables the girls and boys to come into contact with and learn to
understand one another. They receive their lessons jointly, they play on the fields together, they participate in the
extracurricular activities together, they go out on educational tours together, in short, they get real opportunities to
know one another.

Generally, boys, if left to themselves will show a tendency to indulge in vulgar talk and indecent jokes Vulgarity, indeed,
thrives among boys. If, however, a group of students standing and chatting together includes a few girls, the boys will
take care not to use any vulgar expressions.
Boys will thus steadily develop a habit of talking decently and behaving in a gentlemanly manner. The mutual
understanding engendered co-education also leads to recognition by men of the desirability of giving to women a high
status in social life. Hitherto men have been only too ready to oppose any rights or privileges being conceded to women.

But this opposition is mainly based upon an ignorance of the latent potentialities of women. Co-education dispels this by
affording men a first-hand knowledge of the capacities and abilities of women.

Another salutary effect of co-education is that it produces a healthy spirit of competition between boys and girls. Each
sex makes efforts to excel the other. Both are therefore urged to a more fruitful intellectual exertion than is the case in
separate institutions for boys and girls.

(40) Duties Of A Good Student

The first duty of students is towards themselves. They should try to have good health, for a sound mind lives in a sound
body. One cannot do anything great without good health, however much one wants to do so. For this purpose they
should take part in games and sports. They should be guided by the maxim “Read while you read and play while you
play.” The second duty which they owe to themselves is character formation. Building up of good habits in the beginning
is very necessary. The good habits that are formed in the student life last throughout. And character is nothing but a
bundle of habits.

Besides duties towards themselves, students owe duties towards their parents, elders and teachers. Parents who are
responsible for their having come into the beautiful, delightful world have a moral claim upon their children, who should
do everything to repay at least some part of the irreparable debt they owe to their parents. They should not do anything
that tarnishes the image of their family.

Next to parents come teachers to whom students woe irreparable debt. The teacher who guides youth to course
through this life as a respectable member of society deserves the most sanctified respect of the students.

During their vacation students can organize night schools in villages and thus be helpful in solving the problem of
illiteracy. They can instill political consciousness in the villagers and can tell them their rights in the democratic set up of
the country. During times of war students can organize civil defence operations and look after the families of these who
are actively engaged in fighting against the enemy.
Service to humanity is the crying need of the hour. Nationalism is an utterly crude term in the context of the modern
times. The world is a family; this should ever remain on the conscious plan of their minds. Thanks to science that it has
conquered barriers of space. Students of one country can communicate and establish contacts with students of foreign
countries. They should try to develop sense of accommodation for the people of all countries without discrimination on
the basis of social or political systems of their countries or the faith or religion of their societies.

In the world of today our lot is closely connected with the lot of people of every other country. Students should help in
the formation of effective world public opinion against cases of injustice, tyranny of oppression in any part of the world.

(41) Sports and Games—Their Importance

OR
Value of Games and Sports
Nobody can deny that games are a part and parcel of life. In fact, life itself is a game and this world is a big playground.
We have to play the game of life with all our energy and courage. The game of life is a hard nut to crack. In order to
play the game of life well, we have to learn to be good players. It is through games and sports only that we can learn
how best to overcome the challenge of life.
There are different kinds of games and sports. There are indoor games as cards, chess, ludo ect. Out of the out-door
games,Hockey, Football, Volleyball, Cricket, Tennis, etc. are the more common ones. Races, Jumps, Throws, Weight-
lifting are some of the other kinds of the sports. Games and sports are necessary and useful for all. They are specially
useful for the students who must have a balanced development of the body as well as the mind. A sound mind lives
only in a sound body. “All work and no play,” as the proverb goes, “ makes Jack a dull boy.”

Games play an important part in life. Education is incomplete without games. Games are necessary to keep the body fit
and trim. Moreover, they provide recreation. As a result, one feels smart and cheerful throughout the day. If one is
cheerful and healthy, he or she is able to get the best out of life. A player really enjoys life. For him, life is a song and a
beauty. On the other hand, an unhealthy man cannot enjoy life.

The Duke of Wellington once said,” The battle of Waterloo was won on the playground of Eton.” He meant that
discipline, patience, courage, and optimism learnt on the playgrounds of Eton had stood him in good stead and these
qualities had lead him to victory.

If a person is physically fit, he is also mentally fit and healthy. There is always a sound mind in a sound body. A healthy
man is always hopeful and cheerful. On the other hand, an unhealthy person leads a painful and miserable life. Life
become a burden to him. Games and sports also produce a sense of equality, co-operation and fraternity. They provide
enough of amusement to remove the rust caused by our dull routine. They add colour to an otherwise dull and boring
life. All those qualities which we get from the playground help us to face the struggle of life.

Today, games and sports have assumed a great importance. Sportsmen and players have started choosing sports and
game as their career. It is a compulsory subject in schools in most of the states in the country. State Governments are
giving special grants to their best sportsmen and players. Newspapers and periodicals carry special section for sports
news from all corners of the world. Matches played at the national or international level are relayed over the radio
network. The staging of the ninth Asian games in 1982 and the World Cricket Cup in 1994 in India greatly enhanced the
status and prestige of the lovers of sports all over the country. Sportsmen are certainly the backbone of any nation.
They certainly deserve a place of pride and honour in any country.

(42) Qualities Of A Good Muslim

In a hadith, it was once asked from Rasulullah (SAW): “How will I know that I have become a Mumin?” Rasulullah (SAW)
answered: “When your heart feels satisfied because of any of your good act and mourns about any of your wrong doing,
then know, you have become a true Muslim, i.e., Mumin.”

A Muslim is a person who embraces Islam by saying the Kalima Tayyiba and with a keen belief that Allah is one; no God
except Him and Muhammad (S.A.W) is His last Apostle. Allah Almighty has described main qualities of such dignified
persons in Surah Al- Furqan they are as under:

Believer of Allah: A Mumin turns only to Allah for help and demands only from Him. I shall quote here words of Hadith
Qudsi, “There is no such thing that any person can give you unless Allah imputes and no such thing any person can take
away from you unless Allah wills.
Humble: Another quality of such persons is that they are humble, i.e., free from any sort of pride and arrogance. They
walk very humbly, talk humbly hence humbleness is a part of their life.
Saying Salaam: Here salaam not only represents saying salaam to each other in normal course of life but whenever
such persons face a situation where an ignorant is trying to have a dispute with them over any matter, they just say
salaam and move forward.
Praying after mid night: The Mu’mineen has the quality that they perform prayers after midnight, i.e., Tahajjad. Allah
says in Surah al Furqan: “The pious followers of Allah are those who get up in the middle of the night and pray, when all
the world is sound asleep.”
Charity towards expenses: Some people believe that Allah gives money to spend hence they keep on spending it
uselessly. Yes that is true that Allah gives money to a person to spend on himself and his family but not extravagantly,
rather a person should be cautious in doing so, he should take care of the money given to him, he should neither be a
closefisted person nor an extravagant but a careful person.
Avoid shirk: Followers of Allah Almighty abstain from Shirk. That is the subject matter of Islam and if one can’t follow
that, he shall not be called a Muslim.
Avoid adultery: Allah explains another unique quality of His followers that they avoid adultery and save themselves
from it because they know that it is such a ribald sin that has no chances of apologies only and only punishment.
Avoid lying and Fraud: Followers of Allah avoid lying and fraud and don’t go near the evil or places where evil dwells.
Noble and generous: Followers of Allah are very noble and generous that if they ever pass by evil gatherings, they just
seek their Lord’s refuge and move on.
Use their senses: Followers of Allah have the quality that whenever they are told orders of Allah, they listen to it
keenly and then follow it. They don’t indulge themselves in vague questioning neither do they ask for proof that world is
going such like why should we be different.
Worry about family: The followers of Allah always worry about their families. They not only themselves follow the
straight path but also make their children follow the straight path and often pray for them to be pious as well.
Fear Allah and worry about Hereafter: The followers of Allah fear from Allah every time and keep worrying about
hereafter. They keep themselves indulge in such acts that are helpful for their hereafter.
These are some of the basic qualities that Quran has listed in Surah Al Furqan.

“May Allah Almighty make us all follow such straight path and make each of us have these qualities Aameen. “

(43) Blessing Of Science

Science today is just like Aladdin’s Lamp which could perform wonders After wonders. The Lamp was a faithful servant
so long as it was rubbed on a night side, but its satanic power became apparent as soon as it was rubbed the wrong way.

If Science remains our useful servant, it serves us well. In the words of Emerson. “It surpasses the old miracles of
mythologies. The achievements of science in modern times are simply incredible. It has revolutionised the means of
communication.
Time and distance have been shortened. The cinema, the radio and the television provide entertainment and break the
monotony of life. The Telegraph, the telephone and the wireless carry our messages from one end of the world of
another.

Some of the latest discoveries and inventions of science have enabled man to cure almost incurable diseases. X-rays
enable the modern physician to search out a hidden fracture or displacement within the body. Ultra violet rays are
applied to cure certain serious ailments.

Many strange and novel methods of inoculation and surgery have been developed. Many of the epidemics are now
preventable. We all benefit from these achievements of science.

In many countries today all the agricultural operations are performed by machinery. As for industrial operations,
machines are found everywhere. What a number of articles of daily use are produced by scientific methods of
production.

That is why such commonplace things as needles, lead pencils, spectacles, watches, etc are so cheap and yet have so
much perfection and fineness about them. There is yet another way in which science serves like a faithful servant.
Science has changed the dreams of yesterday into the realities of today. Man can fly in the air and in space, dive in the
water and go into the recesses of the earth. He has crossed deserts, scaled mountains, flown to the moon gauged
oceans, investigated the heavens with the help of science.

We switch on the radio and hear the running commentary on a Cricket Test Match. Television has enabled us not only to
hear the distant voices but also to see the distant objects, say, on the Moon or the Mars. Science has really beaten the
old magicians hollow.
So it is easy to conclude that science is a useful servant.

(44) Advantages and Disadvantages Of Media

Media is such a way through which information is transmitted to millions of people at once. Earlier, people used to
dance, songs, drama to reach their point of view to others, so that they had to communicate directly with others. It has
changed over time and Print Media had taken in its place, then the mass media, and now through social media. Media is
a very easy and robust way of communication. Nowadays, media is the easiest way to reach and get news. Through
radio, TV, newspaper, and internet one can easily communicate with others.Media is an important place in our society.

Advantages
There are advantages and disadvantages of the media. One advantage of the media is that it is able to get information to
the public in a quick and timely manner. The media can warn us of impending bad weather, dangerous situations in a
city, a state, or the country. The media has the resources to expose injustices, corruption, or abuse of power that an
average citizen would never be able to expose. This can lead to positive change in our country. The media has uncovered
events where elected officials have been using government workers to campaign for them while they are supposedly
working on the government business. The media has uncovered scams where people try to take our money dishonestly.
The media keeps us updated on news, weather, and sporting events. The media can play a very important and helpful
role.
Disadvantages
The disadvantages of the media include a risk of inaccurate reporting and a loss of privacy. Sometimes, in a rush to be
the first to break a story, the media puts out incorrect or inaccurate information. This can be embarrassing, and
depending on the information, it can harm a person’s reputation.It is very easy for people to use the media to make
false claims or make claims that are only half true. Political candidates sometimes do this, and we recently saw a high-
profile news reporter do this. It is hard to check everything that is reported or stated by the media. Additionally, with all
the cameras and coverage today, there really is no privacy. When somebody makes a mistake or inadvertently says
something wrong, it can get blown way out of proportion. The media has both positive and negative aspects associated
with it.

(45) Natural Disasters

A Natural disaster is an unforeseen occurrence of an event that causes harm to society. There are many Natural
disasters that damage the environment and the people living in it. Some of them are earthquakes, cyclones, floods,
Tsunami, landslides, volcanic eruption, and avalanches. Spatial extent measures the degree or severity of the disaster.
Levels of Disaster :
The severity or degree of damage can be further divided into three categories:
Small Scale Disasters: Small scale disasters are those that extend from 50 Kms. to 100 Kms. So this kind of disasters
does not cause much damage.
Medium-scale disasters: Medium Scale disasters extend from 100 Kms to 500 Kms. These cause more damage than a
small scale disaster. Moreover, they can cause greater damage if they occur in colonial states.
Large Scale Disasters: These disasters cover an area of more than 1000 Kms. These cause the most severe damage to
the environment. Furthermore, these disasters can even take over a country if the degree is high. For instance, the
wiping out of the dinosaurs was because of a large scale natural disaster.

Types of Disasters

Earthquake: An earthquake is the shaking or vibrating of the earth. An earthquake can range in sizes. As a result, some
are so weak that they go unnoticed. But some are so strong that they can even destroy the whole city. Earthquakes can
cause disruption of ground. Moreover, the can also cause landslides, avalanches, and Tsunami. However, the center of
an earthquake falls mostly offshore.
Causes: These can cause of releasing of the energy. This release is from the core of the earth. Furthermore, the release
of energy causes seismic waves. Rupturing of geological faults causes earthquakes. But other events like volcanic
eruptions, landslides mine blasts can also cause it.

Landslides: Landslides is the moving of big boulders of rocks or debris down a slope. As a result, landslides occur on
mountains and hilly areas. Moreover, landslides can cause destruction to man-made things in many ways.
Causes: Gravitational pull, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes can cause landslides. Moreover, soil erosion due to
deforestation is also a cause of landslides.

Avalanches: Avalanches are like landslides. But instead of rocks thousand tons of snow falls down the slope. Moreover,
this causes extreme damage to anything that comes in its way. People who live in snowy mountains always have fear of
it.
Causes: Avalanches takes places when there is a large accumulation of snow on the mountains. Moreover, they can also
occur from earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Furthermore, the chances of surviving an avalanche are very less. This is
because people die of hypothermia in it.

Tsunami: Tsunami is the production of very high waves in oceans and seas. Moreover, the displacement of the ground
causes these high waves. A tsunami can cause floods if it occurs near shores. A Tsunami can consist of multiple waves.
Moreover, these waves have a high current. Therefore it can reach coastlines within minutes. The main threat of a
tsunami is if a person sees a Tsunami he cannot outrun it.
Causes: Tsunami is unlike normal eaves that occur due to the wind. But Tsunami is waves that occur by ground
displacement. Thus earthquakes are the main causes of Tsunamis.

(46) My Leisure Time Activities

Leisure is that sweetest of moments when a man has nothing specific to do. When he is his own master and can dispose
of his spare time at his own suit will.
Different people spend it in different ways, They have no proper sense or idea of it due to their ignorance, whim or
uncared habit. To many others, leisure is a time to make creative and aesthetic pursuit and inner fulfillment.

I spend my leisure time by reading story books, gardening and collecting stamps. Reading story books is my favourite
leisure time activity. I have a lot of story books and other books too. The set of books of magical craft fairies is my
favourite book series. My father, mother and grandmother give me books as gifts for my birthday, New Year and when I
get high marks at term tests.

Gardening is an interesting leisure time activity. Also, it is one way to earn an extra income for our family. We get
vegetables and fruits for our meals from my little garden. I water the plants every evening. Father and mother also help
me with gardening.

Collecting stamps is an activity which provides knowledge of the world. I have three albums of Sri Lankan stamps and
foreign stamps from China and Japan. Father and mother give me stamps whenever they get them.

I get pleasure by engaging in leisure time activities. I have extra leisure time activities such as making key tags and
sewing cross stitch designs. These things keep me happy in my free time.

(47) Peace and Happiness as a goal of life

Happiness is the goal of all people and all wish to live happy life. But what does happy life mean? The idea of happy life
differs from man to man. Some people think that happiness lies in luxurious living. So, they spend a lot of money over it.

Some people think that happiness lies in amassing money. So, they. keep a large amount of money in the saving bank
and never spend a pie of it even for their bare necessities. Some people think, happiness lies in possession of gold. So,
they keep a large mass of gold in their possession. Some people think happiness lies in worldly life. Some people think
happiness lies in renunciation of worldly attachment, but my idea of happy life is not as theirs. My idea of happy life is
follows.
I think, happiness lies in living a plain life within one’s own means. If you follow the dictum ‘cut you coat according your
cloth’ and live within your own means, you will not need to trouble your head to get a loan of money or to pay back
loan..

Happiness lies not only in the life of plain living but also in the life of high thinking. So, a saying goes on ‘plain living and
high thinking’. If you live a life of high thinking the trifling worldly troubles will not disturb your mind. With your high
mindedness and broad heartedness you will be able to excuse your small complaints and thereby you will be free from a
lot of troubles. High-mindedness depends on plain living. If you do not be plain in your living you will fall in constant
want and you will become a self-seeker which will lead to low mindedness and meanness. So, in order to live a happy
life, you should follow the dictum ‘Plain living and high-thinking’.

Health of body and peace of mind are necessary for living a happy life. You can get health of body and peace of mind by
following the principles of hygiene and ethics. Idleness is the greatest enemy of happy life. So, you should cast off your
idleness if any and do some useful and productive work.
Now, I point out a very important thing for keeping happy life. That is you cannot live happily if your neighbors are
unhappy and sad. You cannot enjoy your full meal if neighbors of your lies in starved condition. Conversely, if you find
that your neighbors are happy, happiness will automatically come to your mind.

My idea of happy life is not like an unattainable utopia. My idea of happy life is quite practicable.
(48) Threats Of Tsunami
A tsunami is a natural disaster which is a series of fast-moving waves in the ocean caused by powerful earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions, landslides, or simply an asteroid or a meteor crash inside the ocean. A tsunami has a very long
wavelength. It can be hundreds of kilometers long. Usually, a tsunami starts suddenly. The waves travel at a great speed
across an ocean with little energy loss. They can remove sand from beaches, destroy trees, toss and drag vehicles,
houses and even destroy whole towns. Tsunamis can even be caused when a meteorite strikes the earth's surface,
though it is very rare. A tsunami normally occurs in the Pacific Ocean, especially in what is called the ring of fire, but can
occur in any large body of water.
The water often draws back from the seacoast half of the wave period prior to the wave getting to the coast. If the slope
of the coast is not deep, the water may pull back for hundreds of meters. People who do not know of the danger often
remain at the shore.

Tsunamis cannot be prevented. However, there are ways to help stop people dying from a tsunami. International and
regional warning systems, especially for the Pacific Ocean, issue alerts before the big waves reach the shore. Because an
earthquake that caused the tsunami can be felt before the wave gets to the shore, people can be warned to go
somewhere safe.
A tsunami has a very long wavelength. It can be hundreds of kilometers long. Usually, a tsunami starts suddenly. The
waves travel at a great speed across an ocean with little energy loss.
Especially for the Pacific ocean the deadliest tsunami recorded in documented history was on 26 December 2004, and is
known as the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. It was caused by an earthquake. The earthquake was said to have a
magnitude of 9.3 on the Moment magnitude scale. It was centered in the ocean near the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.
Over 215,000 people, mainly on the shores of the Indian Ocean, died from this disaster. The giant wave moved very
quickly. Thousands of people in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, India, Somalia, and other nations, were killed or injured
by it .

(49) Impact Of Internet On Students

The invention of internet however facilitates the students in many ways but it also brings many negative impacts among
the academics life of students. Internet is like a knife. You can kill a man with a knife or use it for cutting fruits and eating
them. It is only an instrument and can be used for good or bad purposes. But many students waste their time
unintentionally using internet.

There are certain bad effects stemming from using the internet excessively. Having trouble establishing social ties,
neglecting schoolwork, and facing some health problems are some of these bad effects. When it comes to neglecting
schoolwork, it can easily be said that a student who can be regarded as an internet addict cannot find adequate time to
study for his schoolwork.

For example, it is an undeniable fact that the time when internet cafes are filled to capacity is the time when students
begin to leave school. It must also be taken into consideration that students addicted to the internet cannot concentrate
on their schoolwork even though they find the opportunity to study.

Therefore, it can be observed that the more time a student squanders on the internet, the less grades he gets in school.
Similarly, students who have become slaves of internet are no longer being able to think out of a box of their own. They
usually try to get material for their work from the internet sources which are spoiling their lives brain. They do not listen
to their lecture intensively- keeping in mind that they can get the required material from the internet which is dreadful
for their studies.
Furthermore, they start to learn the things which are prohibited for them too. Students become dizzy and no longer
remain active and sharp in their field which has affected the academic life of students and with great extent.
It can cause the adverse effect on the social and academic life of students and keeps them away from social norms and
values. Moreover, meeting with heterogeneous people change their mind-sets, they try to persuade them by resisting
their persuasive manner.

(50) Advantages Of Wireless communication

The term wireless refers to communication without wires. In order to transmit information (voice or data) using wireless
communication we need antenna. The antenna is the device which couples RF energy from one medium (i.e. waveguide,
transmission line etc.) to the other medium (i.e. air). We require two systems viz. transmitter and recieve to complete
end to end wireless link. Wireless communication uses electromagnetic waves as medium for carrying the information
through the channel between transmitter and receiver.

Advantages of Wireless Communication:

Following are the advantages of Wireless Communication:
Flexibility: As wireless frequency penetrates the walls, wireless networks are easy to install anywhere based on choice.
This flexibility is one of the great benefits of wireless network where wired cable cannot be installed.
Easy Installation: Wireless networks are easy to install and easy to maintain compare to messy wired counterparts. This
will help when network grows and will have hundreds to thousands of customers.
Network Planning: Wireless network planning is very easy compare to wired network due to wireless software
configuration of frequency, power and other parameters.
Location: Wireless communication helps in connecting remote inaccessible areas behind the walls or buildings or hilly
terrains.
Mobility: The great benefit of wireless communication is mobility of usage unlike wired communication.
Price: The wireless communication end devices are available at very low cost due to competition in handset
manufacturing segment.

(51) The Profession I Like Most / My Aim of Life

My family members are in different professions, everyone wants me in their line. But I do not want this. A lawyer is
always a liar. He forces his clients to lie. He defies what is wrong. I do not want to be an engineer because his life is dull.
He is notorious for taking a bribe. I do not like any for business man too. He is always busy in matters of money. He
believes in cheating his customers. He has great craving for money.

There are two occupations that I like. These are a teacher or a doctor. It is very difficult to decide which one is better. I
have to think about deciding my purpose either teacher or doctor.

First of all, we check the points that can be given in favor of the doctor. Those who are in favor of the doctor, their
opinion is that they are most useful for the society. He likes the dying man He gives healthier illnesses and weaknesses.
He cures our diseases. He is like a god on earth for a patient. In the absence of a doctor, a teacher cannot cure any
illness. A doctor is essential when we get sick. It is not needed every time. But simultaneously, it cannot say that he is
not a useful member of society.

A teacher cannot be compared to a doctor. He is the silent builder of the nation. He also builds a healthy society. It is a
teacher who makes a doctor, never a doctor has made a teacher. Who does the doctor, the doctor has never made a
teacher. Students are expecting the future of the country. A teacher builds his mind. He enables them to fulfill the hope
of a nation's future. The importance of a teacher in society cannot be reduced. It is only a teacher who removes the
darkness and gives light of knowledge. A teacher develops all the faculties of the student. It is impossible for a student to
develop mentally, physically and spiritually without the teacher. A doctor can only make you physically healthy. He can
never help you without charge But a teacher will gladly help you without any selfishness.

So there are many reasons for my liking. I am a very good student. I have always been in the first place in my class. I am
healthy and a good player. My body is strong for hard work. I can work like a teacher - a continuous labor for day and
night. A teacher lives the good life. He is the creator of the nation. A mother gives birth but a teacher deserves. It plays
an important role in shaping students' habits, character and destiny.

He is not mad after money. She or He lives a satisfying life. She or He believes in simple life and high thinking. The future
of a country depends on good education. Good education cannot be given if the teacher is physically, mentally,
spiritually and psychologically not qualified in all respects. I am doing my best to become a qualified teacher of my
choice.

(52) Necessity of Tolerance

Due to globalization, people of different backgrounds, cultures and religions are living together, and the world has
become multicultural and full of diversity, establishing tolerance and harmony has become very crucial and important,
and fostering mutual love and affection has become vital.

Without tolerance and harmony the lasting peace of societies cannot be maintained, and loyalty for each other cannot
be established.
The word tolerance means the willingness to accept or to tolerate, especially opinions or behaviour you may not agree
with, or to behave sensibly with those who are not like you. It means showinq respect for the race, gender, opinions,
religion and ideologies of the people or groups, and to admire the good qualities and good work of others. And to
express one’s point of view in a’ decent and respectful way while
respecting the sentiments of others.

Tolerance can be shown in many ways, on different occasions and at different times. A person might fully disagree with
others on any issue, from religion to politics, while at the same time, onouring and respecting those with different ideas
and opinions and treating them with full dignity and honour.

Tolerance is needed in all spheres of life, and on every level and on every stage, because it plays a vital role to establish
peace and love, from the smallest unit up to the highest unit of society.

Tolerance does not mean that only one person or party shows tolerance and the others do not. When some people
disagree on a certain issue they must advocate and express their opinion in a respectful manner, and hateful and
provocative words should not be used. Tolerance must be shown from both sides on issues, in order for
it to be effective.

(53) Friendship

Friendship is one of the greatest bonds anyone can ever wish for. Lucky are those who have friends they can trust.
Friendship is a devoted relationship between two individuals. They both feel immense care and love for each other.
Usually, a friendship is shared by two people who have similar interests and feelings.
Friendship is the most beautiful gift you can present to anyone. It is one which stays with a person forever.

True Friendship:
A person is acquainted with many persons in their life. However, the closest ones become our friends. You may have a
large friend circle in school or college, but you know you can only count on one or two people with whom you share true
friendship.
There are essentially two types of friends, one is good friends the other are true friends or best friends. They’re the ones
with whom we have a special bond of love and affection. In other words, having a true friend makes our lives easier and
full of happiness.
Most importantly, true friendship stands for a relationship free of any judgments. In a true friendship, a person can be
themselves completely without the fear of being judged. It makes you feel loved and accepted. This kind of freedom is
what every human strives to have in their lives. In short, true friendship is what gives us reason to stay strong in life.
Importance of Friendship:
Friendship is important in life because it teaches us a great deal about life. We learn so many lessons from friendship
which we won’t find anywhere else. You learn to love someone other than your family. You know how to be yourself in
front of friends.
Friendship never leaves us in bad times. You learn how to understand people and trust others. Your real friends will
always motivate you and cheer for you. They will take you on the right path and save you from any evil.
Similarly, friendship also teaches you a lot about loyalty. It helps us to become loyal and get loyalty in return. There is no
greater feeling in the world than having a friend who is loyal to you.
Moreover, friendship makes us stronger. It tests us and helps us grow.
There is no doubt that best friends help us in our difficulties and bad times of life. They always try to save us in our
dangers as well as offer timely advice. True friends are like the best assets of our life because they share our sorrow,
sooth our pain and make us feel happy.

(54) TikToK Craze

Tiktok has been the most downloaded app to date. Based on research it was downloaded around 800 million times and
available in about 75 languages which might really cover a few million active users worldwide.

It is known as Douyin and was launched in China in September 2016 and owned by Beijing ByteDance Technology which
later on change its name to Tiktok when it was released in the overseas market.

This app will make you create a very short video clip: lip synching, singing, dancing, doing crazy things, etc. It can make
you a certified Tiktok hit or a certified TikTok cringe (shucks!). Nonetheless, if you’re having fun and enjoying recording
then, I guess it’s none of anybody’s business.

However, just like any other social media platforms, there’s this section in this app where you can follow someone, tap
the heart icon if you like the video and the comment section, where you can see comments commending someone for
an awesome clip, asking for a follow back, pleaseeee thing and the undying “harsh-blunt-hate” comments of the not-so-
good-kind-of-judgmental-types of users coming from all ages around the world, and yes, even the youngsters have
something “bad” to say and make fun of someone older than them for a video clip that do not pass their “standards”
and obviously, that’s what they get from watching how “adults” do it online, kinda sad to know though.

Anyway, this app will let you choose should you want to keep your video clip posts public or private. Before posting your
video you can also disable the comments if you’re not the kind who wants to interact with strangers or you’re simply an
introvert or being someone who wants to stay away from nasty peeps using this app.

Hash tags, mentions and duets are also very much available….plus, plus…filters, beautify options, stickers and effects for
a more dramatic, convincing and powerful video editing that can also drive more hearts and followers.

(55) Fasting And Its Benefits

Fasting involves abstaining from eating, drinking, smoking and sexual relations from dawn to sunset, in the hopes that it
will lead to greater "taqwa", or consciousness of God.

Muslims were commanded to fast during Ramadan more than 1,400 years ago and today some scientists are advocating
a modified fast for its mental and physical benefits.

Benefits of fasting:
Experts have also found that restricting food intake during the day can help prevent health problems such as high
cholesterol, heart disease and obesity, as well as improve mental health and wellbeing.

By not consuming any food, our body is able to concentrate on removing toxins, as we give the digestive system a rest.

Fasting allows the gut to cleanse and strengthens its lining. It can also stimulate a process called autophagy, which is
where cells self-cleanse and remove damaged and dangerous particles.

Scientists have also been studying the link between diet, gut health and mental wellbeing and, as Mosley explained,
fasting can lead to the release of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) in the brain.

This has been shown to protect brain cells and could reduce depression and anxiety, as well as the risk of developing
dementia.

Many people who have embraced fasting have also found that, done properly, it has helped them lose fat and gain lean
muscle mass.
Islam added that sustainable weight loss is only possible with regular fasting and that any weight loss during Ramadan
could easily be reversed once an individual returns to their daily eating patterns. However, the benefits outweigh the
cons. In the long run, fasting, if done correctly, can improve one's digestive system and overall metabolism. Fasting for
more than 24 hours may lower inflammation by reducing oxidative stress in your body’s cells.

Overall fasting pattern specialy in islam is a graceful worship and health practice.

(56) Water Pollution

The biological or chemical change in the quality of water due to the presence of contaminants in water is called water
pollution. Most of this contamination as on date is due to various human activities. In fact, humans are responsible for
the mass deaths of whales and other aquatic organisms often swept ashore at different beaches in the world.
There are many causes of water pollution. Some are as given below:

1. Sewage Water:
A huge amount of garbage from households, agricultural lands and other commercial places is dumped into lakes and
rivers. These wastes contain harmful chemicals and toxins which creates poisonous water and damages the aquatic flora
and fauna.

2. Polluted river banks:

In the villages people go for defecation near the river bank. They wash clothes and cattle and pollute the rivers and
lakes. Every year massive piles of litter and solid waste are accumulated at the banks of the rivers and lakes during
various festivals and celebrations.

3. Industrial Waste:
The Industries hugely contribute to the pollution of water bodies. The industries at Mathura have caused nearly
irreversible damage to the condition of river Yamuna. A huge amount of industrial waste is also dumped in the Arabian
Sea and the Bay of Bengal which has impaired the marine life.

4. Oil Pollution:
Oil spilled from ships and tankers is hugely responsible for polluting the sea water. As the oil floats on the water surface,
it prevents the flow of oxygen into the water and thus sabotages the life expectancy of marine animals and plants.

5. Eutrophication:
Eutrophication is a process where an increased level of nutrients in water bodies results in growth of algae in water. It
depletes the oxygen in water. This destructively affects water quality, fish and other aquatic inhabitants.

The water we drink daily looks clean; however, it is contaminated with microscopic pollutants. Many families have
installed water purifiers at home to ensure that their family members get to drink healthy water. A number of
campaigns are run by the government and NGOs that have helped enlighten the population about the issue. More steps
are required to be taken to ensure an adequate level of clean and pollution-free water for the survival of life on the
planet.

(57) Traffic Jams in Karachi

Traffic situation in Karachi is getting worse with each passing day. On one hand vehicles are increasing exponentially
while roads are getting blocked due to the mega-development drive of the City District Government of Karachi (CDGK).
Instead of doing the development work in phases, the CDGK has opened all fronts in one go, leaving Karachi digged up
from one end to the other.

Reasons for Traffic Jams:

There are numerous reason for traffic congestion in the city, some of these are listed here:

1. Road Construction:
The road construction works are in progress on M.A. Jinnah Extension Road, Rashid Minhas Road, Shahrae
Jehangir, 5000 Road in North Karachi, 8000 Road in Korangi Manghopir Road etc. The flyover works are ongoing
at Time Medico intersection, Hasan Square intersection and Sohrab Goth, Underpasses works are also underway
at Gharibabad, Liaquatabad No. 10 and Nazimabad No. 2. Most of the projects are on going without any traffic
diversion plan.

2. Encroachments:
Squatters have also set up encroachments on the roads. The car showroom owners park their vehicles at
footpath and on a large portion of M. A. Jinnah Extension Road, Khalid Bin Walid Road, Tariq Road, University
Road etc. Inter-city buses have illegal depots and stop points along University Road (old sabzi mandi) causing
hinderance in traffic flow.

3. Manual Traffic Control:

According to a report in PakTribune.com, traffic signals are switched off in many areas by police officials who try
to control the traffic manually. They get confused in the process and due to their errors, the traffic from
different directions is grid locked which leads to traffic muddle on the roads. Usually, the traffic police close the
 traffic signals in evening when traffic volume from all directions is much higher. They open one-side of road for
long period while the other traffic is closed for minutes

Ironically, the signals are operating under Urban Traffic Control (UTC) in which timings are fixed in according to
the traffic flow of these roads. The city government has installed 130 UTC signals on major roads, which have
computerized system. Timings are stored in the system in according to the traffic volume, which can also be
varied.

4. Lack of Civic Sense:

Another major reason for traffic jams and mishaps in Karachi is lack of civic sense in drivers. Most drivers are
either unaware of traffic rules or they simply do not bother. Jumping lanes, overtaking, speeding, cursing and
swearing, all causing frustration, depression and hyper-tension around them.

Solutions for Traffic Jams in Karachi:

Solving traffic related issues is certainly no easy task and requires lot of research and planning. Considering the
availability of resources and funds, it is best to utilize what is readily available rather than opting for brand-new solution
which cause more strain on tax payers’ pockets. For example, the circular railway system, if properly launched, can
reduce pressure from the vehicular traffic. While there was some progress on Karachi Mass Transit Program, it fall prey
of various political agendas and went down the drain.

(58) Way To Improve Standard Education

Education has been more important than before. It is one of the ways that can help us to active our goals in the
future.As result, we can see people and especially parents who force the government in the country to change the
education system. They have been more interested about what kind of knowledge that their children received over the
years. However, educational experts suggest several ways to improve the education.

Firstly, the curriculum should be more attractive and include material, which will be most useful to the student; for
example, some subject such as art and science need tools, which can help the teacher to deliver the information in an
interesting manner. However, all curriculums should also provide a basic level of education, which have appositive
impact on the student.

Secondly, offer online courses and let the student to choose between go to school or study online. There is lots of
website, study guides and videos can be used to give some information that schools offer. This method is useful for the
student who cannot pay the cost of school nor have a healthy problem.
The next suggest is changing the teaching style. Teacher must have the ability to create and make the lesson more
interesting for student. However, this cannot happen unless the governments establish educational institutions. These
kinds of organization care about developing teachers skills and increase their information so they can offer a good way in
teaching.
After analyzing the educational expert suggest. It has been proven that education system needs to improve
permanently. Furthermore, it expected that the country will be more advance in various fields of science and particle if
we provide a good learning environment for the next generation.

(59) The Benefits Of Teamwork

When a team works well together as a unit they are able to accomplish more than its individual members can do alone.
When members apply different skills they are often able to come up with a more effective solution than one person
working on the same problem.
Mutual support can have the benefit of encouraging people to achieve goalsthey may not have realized they could reach
on their own.
Some Benefits of Teamwork:

The benefits of teamwork include increased efficiency, the ability to focus different minds on the same problem and
mutual support.
Many organizations rely on teams. Universities and colleges have included team communication and team management
in their courses of study. There are many benefits to teamwork. Some of these include:

Better Outcomes:
Teamwork can lead to better business outcomes because the team can bring more resources to bear against a challenge
and there is more oversight to reduce risk of poor individual contributions. For example, in healthcare teamwork is
associated with increased patient safety.
Efficiency:
When a team is able to work well together they accomplish more than individuals can do alone. This helps a company
save money while being more competitive in their market.
Better Ideas:
A good team is made up of diverse members. When these members apply different skills to the same problem, they
come up with a more effective solution than one person working on the same problem.
Mutual support:
When teams work well together they are supportive of one another. Mutual support can encourage people to achieve
goals they may not have realized they could reach on their own.
Sense of Accomplishment:
When members of a team work to achieve specific goals, there is often a greater sense of accomplishment than what an
employee may feel when working on their own.
In order for teamwork to achieve these benefits, individual members must work well together. They need to be able to
put thoughts of their own accomplishments aside to work for the benefit of the team.

(60) Environmental Pollution

Pollution of environmental is a worldwide problem and environmental scientists shudder to think of the lurking dangers
the future will open to mankind. The first and foremost question is of the survival of mankind. The increasing carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere is eating away the protective cover called ozone gradually and man is being exposed to the
hazards of radiations from the sun. These radiations are fatal and are expected to extirpate the mankind from the world.

Another danger of pollution is the threat to health and ultimately to life. The polluted water is killing aquatic animals and
is making the water of the rivers unfit for human consumption. Particles of Carbon and smoke in the air are apt to cause
cancer of lungs, throat and trachea and damage the eyes. Many sorts of fatal diseases are caused by pollution .Pollution
of air, water and earth is caused by many factors. The first and foremost cause of the pollution of air is smoke. The
smoke is given out by cars, buses and rickshaws.
In Pakistan the owners and drivers are irresponsible, careless and illiterate. They ply defective automobiles which give
out smoke and particles of carbon. They do not realize the dangers they are exposing the people to.
Smoke is also emitted out by mills, factories and the shops of black smiths and gold smiths. In Pakistan they burn the
refuses, garbage's and the leaves of trees which give out smoke. Smoke is very dangerous. It contains particles of
carbon, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sculpture dioxide which are dangerous to health. The pollution of water is
caused by the factories of fertilizers, papers, and industrial units. These units pour thin wastes into rivers and seas,
containing chemicals, toxic to life. This water is dangerous to the marine and aquatic life and makes the river water unfit
for use as it cause fatal diseases. In Pakistan, fertilizers and chemical manufacturing companies particularly pollution the
water mostly. Defective sewerage system for drainage of dirty water is also responsible for Polluting water hues, in
Karachi and Lahore, due to detected sewerages systems, gutters overflow and the dirty water seeps into the main pipe
line for supplying water for use.
People who use the milk, and the meat of these animal and also those who eat the contaminated fruits and vegetables
get these radioactive substances. Strontium 90 is absorbed like calcium in system and causes bone cancer and blood
cancer. Cesium 137 also causes blood cancer.

(61) A Journey By Car

To travel by a car is something very pleasant and exciting. One does not feel imprisoned as one feels in a bus or a train.
One is free to stop anywhere and enjoy. There are no strangers to spoil the pleasure of being with one's own friends or
relatives. It is more costly to travel by a car, no doubt, but the freedom and the pleasure it gives far compensates the
high cost. My family lives at Thatta and my uncle with whom I stay at Karachi decided to visit them. One tine winter
morning during the winter vacation, this year, we started for Thatta in my uncle's car. Two of my cousins were also in the
car. We got petrol at a filling station and started at about 9 am.

The day was bright and cold. A cold wind was blowing. The sun was bright and hot which gave us warmth's and comfort.
After leaving the tall buildings and the busy road of Karachi behind we drove straight for Thatta. 4essay.blogspot.com
Buses, wagons, cars and motor cycles ran along the road some bound for Hyderabad via Thatta and some bound for
Karachi. The road was not very wide but the vehicles ran fast past us. Bused and trucks were driving recklessly. We
reached Gharo where a relative of ours was the manager in National Bank of Pakistan. There we stopped at the bank.

My relative entertained us with tea and cakes which were available there. We stayed there for half an hour. The little
town was busy and villagers had conic over there to buy articles of daily need. From Gharo we drove straight up to
Makli. At Makli we went to see the old tombs on the Makli hills. The tombs being looked after by the government were
not in good condition. Then we went to see Abdullah Shah's Mazar which was swarmed with his devotees. From Makli
we drove for Thatta. The road leading to Thatta was well built but had two blind turns. At Thntta market we stopped
near the High School and thence walked on foot via Shahi Bazar to my home.