ART ANTHONY VANDAR B. LIM JR.

Coefficient of Soil Pressure;

BSCE – V ∅
K a =tan 2 (45− )
2
PLATES # 3
30
K a =tan 2 (45− )
2
Design a cantilever wall shown. Allowable K a =0.333
bearing capacity is 238.90 KPa. Surcharge is
∅
12 KPa. Coefficient of internal friction K p =tan 2 ( 45+ )
between soil and concrete foundation is 0.50. 2
Angel of internal friction is 30⁰, factor of 30
safety against sliding is 1.70 and factor of K p =tan 2 (45+ )
2
safety against overturning is 2.10 height of
backfill is 6.50 m. weight of soil pressure is K p =3.0
17.50 kn/m3 f’c= 20.70 MPa fy =276.10 MPa.
Use the following proportions:

a. Base width; L=0.60 H

b. Base thickness; D = 0.10H

c. Stem thickness at the bottom; C=0.10 H

d. Stem thickness at the top; W =275 mm

e. Width at the base; B=0.30 L

A. Design of STEM
Surcharge 12
h1 = = =0.686 m
weigthof soil 17.5
Sln: K a wh=0.333 ( 17.5 x 1000 )( 5.85)
Approximate Dimensions; h=6.5 m
K a wh=34,090.875 N /m 2
L=0.60 H =0.60 ( 6.5 )=3.90 m
K a w h 1=0.333 ( 17.5 x 1000 ) (0.686)
D=0.10 H =0.10 ( 6.5 )=0.65 m
K a w h 1=3,997.665 N /m2
C=0.10 H=0.10 ( 6.5 )=0.65 m
K a wh ( b ) (h)
B=0.30 L=0.30 (3.9 )=1.17 m P 1=
2
W =275 mm=0.275m
1
 34,090.875 (1 ) (5.85) Mu=∅ f ' cb d 2 ω(1−0.59 ω)
P 1=
2
446,846.482 x 103 =0.90 ( 20.7 ) ( 1000 ) ( d 2) 0.0676( 1−0.59 ( 0.0
P1=99,715.809 N
d=607.91mm
K w h ( b ) ( h)
P 2= a 1
2
Actual d
P2=3,997.665 ( 1 ) (5.85)
25
P2=23,386.340 N d=650−70−
2
Design Moment @ Base d=567.50mm< 607.91mm ;Not safe

Mn=P1( h3 )+ P ( h2 )
2
Use d=607.91mm

Check for shear

5.85 h
Mn=(99,715.809) ( ) +(23,386.34) ( ) ∅ Vn=∅ Vc=∅ •
1
3 2 √ f ' c • bw d
6
Mn=262,850.872 N •m 1
∅ Vn=0.85 • √ 20.70 •1000(607.91)
Note: Shear and moment be multiplied ny 6
factor 0f 1.7 (due to lateral earth pressure). ∅ Vn=391,824.994 N >209,273.653 N ;Safe
Mu=∅ Mn
As= ρbd=0.00507(1000)(807.91)
Mu=1.7(262,850.872)
As=3,082.104 mm2
Mu=446,846.482 N • m
Use 25 mm Ø RSB
3
Mu=446,846.482 x 10 N • mm 2
π D2 π (25)
A1= = =490.87 mm2
Design of Shear @ Base 4 4
Vu=1.7 P1 +1.7 P2 Spacing of Reinforcement Bars

Vu=1.7 (99,715.809)+1.7 (23,386.34) 1000

¿ • 490.87=3 , 082.104
s
Vu=209,273.653 N
s=159.26 mm ; say s =150 mm O.C.
Use:
Check the Development Length
1.4 1.4
ρ=ρmin = = 0.020 A b fy 0.020( 490.87)(276.10)
fy 276.10 Ld = =
ρ=0.00507
√f ' c √ 20.7
Ld =595.77 mm
fy 276.10
f c( )
ω=ρ ' =0.00507
20.70 ( ) AsProvided =
1000
• 490.87=3,272.47 mm 2
150
ω=0.0676
Modification Factor

2
 As Required 3,082.104 But d=average depth
¿ = =0.942
As Provided 3,272.47 275+650
d= =462.50 mm
Required Ld 2

Ld =0.942(595.77) As=0.0015(1000)( 462.5)

Ld =561.215 mm As=693.75 mm 2
' 2
Use 90⁰ hook Note: from ACI Code A s = As
3
Use 12 mm Ø RSB
Spacing of Reinforcement Bars
2
1000 π ( 12 ) 2
¿ • = (1156.25)
s 4 3
s=2 44.53 ; say s =240 mm O.C.
Horizontal Bars (front Face)

As=0.0025bd
But d=average depth
Horizontal Bars (front Face)
275+650
d= =462.50 mm
As=0.0025bd 2
But d=average depth As=0.0025(1000)( 462.5)
275+650 As=1156.25 mm2
d= =462.50 mm
2
' 1
Note: from ACI Code A s = As for face not
As=0.0025(1000)( 462.5) 3
exposed.
As=1156.25 mm2
Use 12 mm Ø RSB
2
'
Note: from ACI Code A s = As
3 Spacing of Reinforcement Bars
2
Use 16 mm Ø RSB 1000 π ( 12 ) 1
¿ • = (1156.25)
Spacing of Reinforcement Bars
s 4 3

2 s=293.44 ; say s =290 mm O.C.

1000 π ( 16 ) 2
¿ • = (1156.25)
s 4 3
s=260.84 ; say s =260 mm O.C.
Vertical Bars (front Face)

As=0.0015bd

3
 ( 0.03)(0.6)
W 5 =17500 (1)
2
W 5 =157.50 N

W 6 =17500(2.08)(6.536)(1)
W 6 =237,910.40 N
B. Design of Base
Note: the passive earth pressure of the soil in K a wh=0.333 ( 17.5 x 1000 )( 6.5)
front of the wall is generally neglected in
stability computations because of possibility K a wh=37,878.75 N /m 2
of its removal by erosion or excavation.
K a w h 1=0.333 ( 17.5 x 1000 ) (0.686)

K a w h 1=3,997.665 N /m2

Pressures

K a wh ( b ) (h)
P 1=
2
37,878.75 (1 ) ( 6.5)
P 1=
2
P1=123,105.995 N

K a w h1 ( b ) ( h)
Weights P 2=
2
W 1=2390 ( 9.81 )( 3.90)( 0.65)(1) P2=3,997.665 ( 1 ) (6.5)
W 1=59,410.49 N P2=25,984.823 N
W 2 =2390 ( 9.81 ) (0.275)( 5.85)(1) RM =59,410.49 (1.95 )+37,702.81 ( 1.68 ) +18,851.40 ( 1.42 )+13
W 2 =37,702.81 N RM =894,355.377 N • m
(0.275)(5.85) OM =123,105.995 ( 2.167 )+ 25,984.823(3.25)
W 3 =2390 ( 9.81 ) ( 1)
2
OM =351,221.226 N • m
W 3 =18,851.40 N
RY =∑ W
W 4=17500(1.17)(0.65)(1)
∑ W =W 1 +W 2+W 3+ W 4 +W 5+ W 6
W 4=13,308.75 N
∑ W =59,410.49+37,702.81+18,851.40+13,308.75+157.5

4
∑ W =367,341.350 N 367,341.350 6(0.47)
RY =367,341.350 N
ρmax =
3.9 [
1+
3.9 ]
RYx=RM −OM ρmax =162,296.77 N /m2< 238,900 N /m2

367,341.350 x=894,355.377−351,221.226 :Safe

x=1.48 m Factor of safety against sliding

L L Note: if computed Fs>Allowable Fs then

Since: <x< shear key is neglected.
3 2
If computed Fs<allowable Fs then Provide
: The results is within the middle thirds
shear key.
L 3.9
e= −x= −1.48
2 2
μRy 0.5(367,341.350)
e=0.47 m F . S .= =
P1+ P 2 123,105.995+25,984.823
F . S .=1.23<1.70 : Provide Shear Key
C
C. Design of Heel

Ry 6e
ρmin =
L (
1−
L )
367,341.350 6 (0.47)
ρmin =
3.9
1− [ 3.9 ] Weights
ρmin =26,083.41 N /m2
W 1=17500 ( 2.08 )(6.536)(1)
Ry 6e
ρmax =
L (
1+
L ) W 1=237,910.400 N

5
W 2 =2389 ( 9.81 )(2.08)( 0.65)(1) 1
∅ Vn=∅ Vc=∅ • √ f ' c • bw d
6
W 2 =31,685.59 N
1
Note: all loads must be multiplied by factored ∅ Vc=0.85• √ 20.70• 1000(566)
6
load of 1.40 (due the weight of the soil
including surcharge and weight of footing on ∅ Vc=364,812.138 N <377,434.386 N
the portion of Heel).
;not Safe
Mu=∅ Mn
Increase footing thickness
Mu=1.7 ( 237,910.400 ) (1.04 ) +1.7(31,685.59) (1.04 ) 6 Vu
d=
Mu=392,531.76 N • m ∅ √f ' c b

Mu=392,531.76 x 103 N • mm 6(377,434.386)

d=
0.85 √ 20.7(1000)
Mu=∅ f ' cb d 2 ω(1−0.59 ω)
d=585.583mm
392,531.76 x 103 =0.90 ( 20.7 ) (1000 ) ( d2 ) 0.0676(1−0.59 ( 0.0676 ) )
As= ρbd=0.00507(1000)(585.583)
d=569.77 mm
As=2,968.906 mm 2
Actual d
Use 28 mm Ø RSB
28
d=650−70− Spacing of Reinforcement Bars
2
2
d=566 mm<569.77 mm ;Not safe 1000 π ( 28 )
¿ • =2,968.906
s 4
Use d=566 mm
s=207.40 mm ; say s =200 mm O.C.
Check for effective “d” for shear
D. Design of Toe
Vu=1.4 P1 +1.4 P2

Vu=1.4 ( 237,910.400 ) +1.4 (31,685.59)

Vu=377,434.386 N
Use:

1.4 1.4
ρ=ρmin = =
fy 276.10
ρ=0.00507

ω=ρ
( ffyc )=0.00507 ( 276.10
'
20.70 )

ω=0.067 6
Note: The load on the toe is primarily the
Check for shear
result of the soil pressure distribution of the

6
bottom of the footing acting in an upward 178,616.12 x 103=0.90 ( 20.7 )( 1000 ) ( d 2 ) 0.0676(1−0.59 ( 0.06
direction. The toe is analyzed as a cantilever
beam with the soil on the top of the toe d=384.34 mm<585.583 mm :safe
conservatively neglected.
Adopt d=585.583mm
x 162,296.77
= Check for effective “d” for shear
2.73 3.90
Vu=1.7 ( F 1+ F 2 ) −0.9W 1
x=113 ,607.739 N /m2
Vu=1.7 ( 28,483.083+132,921.055 )−0.9(17,823.146)
y 162,296.77
=
1.17 3.90 Vu=258,346.203 N
y=48,689.031 N /m2 Check for shear

W 1=2389 ( 9.81 )(1.17)( 0.65)(1) 1

∅ Vn=∅ Vc=∅ • √ f ' c • bw d
6
W 1=17,823.146 N
1
∅ Vc=0.85• √ 20.70• 1000(585.583)
6
1 ∅ Vc=377,434.250 N
F 1= ( y )(b)(1)
2
As= ρbd=0.00507(1000)(585.583)
1
F 1= ( 48,689.031)(1.17)(1)
2 As=2,968.906 mm 2
F 1=28,483.083 N Use 28 mm Ø RSB

F 2=( x )(b)(1) Spacing of Reinforcement Bars

2
F 2=(113,607.739)(1.17)(1) 1000 π ( 28 )
¿ • =2,968.906
s 4
F 2=132,921.055 N
s=207.40 mm ; say s =200 mm O.C.
Mu=0.90 ( 17,823.146 ) ( 0.585 )+ 1.7 ( 28,483.083 )( 0.765 )+1.7 ( 132,921.055 ) ( 0. 585 )
Mu=178,616.12 N •m
Use:

1.4 1.4
ρ=ρmin = =
fy 276.10
ρ=0.00507

ω=ρ
( ffyc )=0.00507 ( 276.10
'
20.70 )

ω=0.067 6
Note; according to ACI Code the load factor of
Mu=∅ f ' cb d 2 ω(1−0.59 ω) 1.7 should be used for horizontal earth

7
pressure and for liveload. While 1.4 is used Height of the Shear Key
for deadloads. The weight of the footing
reduces the effect of the horizontal earth
h=1.63 m−0.65 m
pressure, a factor of 0.90 is used for footing h=0.98 m
deadload.
K p wh=3 ( 17.5 x 1000 ) (0.98)
E. Design of Shear Key
K p wh=51,450 N /m 2

K p w h1 =3 (17.5 x 1000 ) (0..65)

K p w h1 =34,125 N /m2

P1=K p w h1 (h)(1)

P1=34,125( 0.98)(1)
P1=33,442 N

K p w h(h)(1)
K p wh=3 ( 17.5 x 1000 ) ( h) P 2=
2
K p wh=52500 h 51,450(0.98)(1)
P 2=
F=123,105.935+25,984.823 2

F=149,090.758 N P2=25,210.50 N

μRy=μ ∑ W =0.50 (367,341.35) Mu=1.7 P1( 12 )( h )+ 1.7 P ( 23 )( h )

2

μRy=183,670.675
1 2
F . S .=1.70 Mu=1.7(33,442)( ) ( 0.98 )+ 1.7(25,210.50) ( ) ( 0.98 )
2 3
Required resistance to sliding that will
Mu=55,858.065 N • m
furnish.
Use:
1.7 F=1.7(149,090.758)
1.4 1.4
1.7 F=253,454.289 N ρ=ρmin = =
fy 276.10
R=253,454.289−183,670.675
ρ=0.00507
R=69,783.614
fy 276.10
R=
52500 h( h)(1)
ω=ρ
( )'
f c
=0.00507 (
20.70 )
2
ω=0.067 6
52500 h (h)(1)
69,783.614= Mu=∅ f ' cb d 2 ω(1−0.59 ω)
2
h=1.63 m 55,858.065 x 103=0.90 ( 20.7 )( 1000 ) ( d 2 ) 0.0676(1−0.59 ( 0.06

8
d=214.93mm 2
1000 π ( 16 )
¿ • =1,300
say d=215 mm s 4

h=215+70 s=154.66 mm ; say s =150 mm O.C.

h=285 Note. A STEM key should also be provided

which is approximately 1/3 of the width of
As= ρbd=0.00507(1000)(215) the STEM at the footing say 1/3(650) is equal
to 216.67 mm height of the key is 50 mm ACI
As=1,090.05 mm2 recommends that a 12 mm Ø dowels must be
Use 25 mm Ø RSB placed with a length of 650 mm embedded
2754 mm @ the base and also 275 mm @ the
Spacing of Reinforcement Bars STEM to resist the lateral force.ss
2
1000 π ( 25 )
¿ • =1,090.05
s 4
s=450.322 mm>180 mm ;
say s =180 mm O.C.
so that it would be convenient if we must
extend the STEM bar into the key.

sCheck for effective “d” for shear

Vu=1.7 R
Vu=1.7 (149,090.758)
Vu=118,632.144 N
Check for shear

1
∅ Vn=∅ Vc=∅ • √ f ' c • bw d
6
1
∅ Vc=0.85• √ 20.70• 1000(215)
6
∅ Vc=138,577.049 N
Vu<∅ Vc : safe
Temperature Bars @ the Toe and Heel

As=0.002bh=0.002(1000)(650)

As=1,300 mm2
Use 16 mm Ø RSB
Spacing of Reinforcement Bars