A STUDY OF PARALLELISM IN THE ESSAYS BY FRANCIS BACON

SUBMITTED BY

WAI YAN HTUT IV E-51

NAN CHAW SU AUNG IV E-52

PHONE THIRI ZAW IV E-53

MYAT SANDI AUNG IV E-54

WIN LEI YADANAR IV E-55

SU MYAT LYNN IV E-56

HNIN AYE YU IV E-57

AYE MYAT MON IV E-58

OHNMAR SEIN IV E-59

HNIN OO WAI YEE IV E-60

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

DAGON UNIVERISTY, MYANMAR

OCT 10, 2015

A STUDY OF PARALLELISM IN THE ESSAYS BY FRANCIS BACON

WAI YAN HTUT IV E-51

NAN CHAW SU AUNG IV E-52

PHONE THIRI ZAW IV E-53

MYAT SANDI AUNG IV E-54

WIN LEI YADANAR IV E-55

SU MYAT LYNN IV E-56

HNIN AYE YU IV E-57

AYE MYAT MON IV E-58

OHNMAR SEIN IV E-59

HNIN OO WAI YEE IV E-60

THIS TERM PAPER IS SUBMMITED TO THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS IN

ENGLSIH, DAGON UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFIMENT FOR THE DEGREE
OF BACHAELOR OF ATRS.

CHAIRPERSON

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SUPERVISOR SECRETARY

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are most deeply indebted to Professor Daw Swe Swe Pwint, Head of
department of English, Dagon University for her permission to write this paper and for
her constant encouragement to complete this research.

We would like to express our immense gratitude to Professor Dr. Thi Thi Tun
and Associate Professor, Daw Hnin Hnin Aung, Department of English, Dagon
University for their invaluable suggestions on how to write a term paper and for all the
necessary help they offered us.

We would like to extend our deepest thank to our Supervisor, Lecturer Daw
Than Than Aye (2) for the time and energy she sacrificed for our paper for our paper
and experienced without which nothing true and worthwhile is possible.

We also like to express our sincere gratitude to our beloved teachers who taught
us in English specialization class and who provided us with the experiences and
knowledge which has helped us with this successful paper.

A special notes of thanks go to our friends who gave us sound advice and who
helped us in whatever ways they can in writing this paper.

i
 ABSTRACT
In this paper, the study of parallelism form in the essays of Francis Bacon (1561-
1626) makes so as to realize how most of his essays are full of with different kinds of
parallelism forms. They make his essays clear to understand by the readers and give
information, and some exact examples to express vividly. According to the research
from some essays by Francis Bacon show that parallelism forms take place as an
essential part of his every essay. And then, this usage makes his messages prominent.
It can be read in this paper that is commonly included in Bacon’s essays.

ii
 CONTENTS

Acknowledgements i
Abstract ii
Content iii
List of Tables iv
CHAPTER PAGE

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. AIM AND OBJECTIVES 2

3. LITERATURE REVIEW 3

3.1 Parallelism
3.2 Function of Parallelism
3.3 Philosophy of Parallelism
3.4 Types of Parallelism Structure
3.5 Definition and Examples of Parallelism Structures

4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 6

4.1 Research Questions

5. DATA ANALYSIS 7

6. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 14

7. CONCLUSION 18

References 19

Appendix: Biography of the Author, His Essay List and Published Year 20

iii
 List of Tables
Table Page
1. The Numbers of Parallelism Structures and Their Types in Bacon’s 14
Three Essays
2. The Number of Parallelism Structures Found in Bacon’s Three Essays 15
3. The Percentage of Parallelism Structures Found in the Essay “Of Truth” 15
4. The Percentage of Parallelism Structures Found in the Essay “Of 16
Marriage and Single Life”
5. The Percentage of Parallelism Structures Found in the Essay “Of 16
Death”

iv
 1. INTRODUCTION

Most of the authors often use various sort of literal devices to describe their works
vividly. These devices make the essay or prose very interesting and prominent one
among the readers. Among them, the parallelism forms are one of the important literal
devices in the literature. Different types of parallelism structures can be found in many
proses and essays.

The aim of this term paper is to study about the parallelism structures in the essays
of famous author, Francis Bacon. He is a very successful essayist in his time. He always
used literal devices to create his essays. Among them, we would like to focus on the
parallelism forms that he used in his essays. He used them to describe his messages
such as the moral lessons, education, marriage, studying, death, honest, friendship,
travelling and so on.

He wrote his essays based on his experiences in wide range of style. So, he is also
known as the father of empiricism. He wrote 59 essays, which titles are started with the
proposition “Of”. We can find many parallelism structures from them. This paper is
aimed to understand about the various sorts of parallelisms structures and Bacon’s
parallelism form in his essays. Parallelism structure is a striking features as an essential
part of his work. They make the passage to understand easily and popular among the
readers.

This paper explains thoroughly about a brief study of parallelism structures in the
Bacon’s three essays.

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 2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of the paper is to study the usage of parallelism structures in three
essays of Francis Bacon, Of Truth (1625), Of Death (1612) and Of Marriage and Single
Life (1625). The objectives are as follow:

 To express the various kinds of parallelism structures,

 To express how Francis Bacon used the parallelism forms in his essays in
order to understand vividly about the messages he wanted to point out, and
 To express what sort of parallelism forms are rarely used and mostly used in
his essays.

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3. LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1. PARALLELISM

Parallelism is the principle of representing equal ideas in the same grammatical

form. It produces a sense of balance and order, and is frequently employed as a feature
of the periodic sentence. It can also prompt readers to infer parallel meanings between
those structures.

For example - “government of the people, by the people, and for the people”.

- “Whether in class, at work or at home, he is always busy”.

- “Out of sight, out of mind”.

- “Like father, like son”.

3.2. FUNCTION OF PARALLELISM

The usage of parallelism structures in speech or writing allows speakers and

writers to maintain a consistency within their work and create a balanced flow of ideas.
They can be often called as the parallelism structures as mentioned in below:

1. The fact or condition of being parallel: agreement in character,

directions, etc.
2. The position or relation of parallels,
3. A parallel or comparison,
4. The philosophical theory that mental and physical process are
concomitant but not casually related,
5. The repetition of a syntactic structure for rhetorical effect and
6. Parallelism evolution.

3.3. PHILOSOPHY OF PARALLELISM

Parallelism is a difficult position to hold, since it does little to count for the fact
that the brain seems to regularly interact, and that changes in one appear to affect the
other. If the two are separate substances in a dualist view, then the idea that there is no
causality between them, yet obvious changes in both simultaneously, seem counter-
intuitive.

-3-
3.4. TYPES OF PARALLELISM STRUCTURES

There are five kinds of parallelism structures. They are:

1. Phonological Parallelism,
2. Morphological Parallelism,
3. Grammatical Parallelism (syntactic parallelism),
4. Lexical Parallelism (semantic parallelism) and
5. Extended Parallelism.

3.5. DEFINITION AND EXAMPLES OF PARALLELISM STRUCTURES

1. Phonological Parallelism
It is a repetition of similar sounds including assonance, alliteration,
consonance, and rhyme.
Example – “Humpty Dumpty”, “Severus Snape”.

2. Morphological Parallelism
It is a kind of repetition of morphemes.
Example – “I kissed thee ere I killed thee”.

3. Grammatical Parallelism (syntactic parallelism)

It focuses more on grammatical structure.
Example – “Government of the people, by the people, and for the people”.

4. Lexical Parallelism (semantic parallelism)

It is a repetition of lexical items. It may be identical form and in meaning, or
they may be related by lexicon-semantic relationship.
Example – “She likes dancing, cooking and reading”.

-4-
5. Extended parallelism
It can be found in jokes, novels and funny stories where parallelism goes no
longer.

-5-
4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In writing this paper, we studied a lot about the parallelism structures. And they
are analyzed according to the theories and definitions of many professionals. Most of
the facts are collected from The Essays, written by Francis Bacon. Moreover, the
theories and further information are taken from books and the internet.

4.1. Research Questions

The research questions for the paper are as follow:

1. What sorts of parallelism are mainly used and rarely used in his essays?
2. How do this parallelism structures make the essays interesting?

There are 59 essays of his that start with the preposition “Of”. Among them, we
want to focus on three essays. They are:

1. Of Truth,
2. Of Death and
3. Of Marriage and Single Life.

Moreover, we focus on four kinds of parallelism structures. They are:

1. Grammatical Parallelism (syntactic parallelism),

2. Phonological parallelism
3. Morphological parallelism and
4. Extended Parallelism

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5. DATA ANALYSIS
5.1 Data Analysis on “Of Truth”

(i). In the essay “Of Truth”, the grammatical parallelisms (syntactic parallelism)
are-

1. “The first creature of God, in the works of the day, was the lights of the sense,
the last, was the light of reason.
2. “It is a pleasure, to stand upon the shore, and to see ships tossed upon the sea;
a pleasure, to stand in the window of a castle, and to see a bottle, and the
adventures three of below.
3. “ The inquiry of truth, which is the love-making or wooing of it, the knowledge
of truth, which is the presence of it, and the belief of truth, which is the enjoy
of it, is the sovereign good of human nature.
4. “first he breathed light, upon the face of the matter or chaos: then he breathed
light, into the face of man; …”
5. “Why the word of the lie should be such a disgrace, and such an odious
charge?”
6. “truth may perhaps come to the price of a pearl, that showeth best by day, but it
will not rise to the price of a diamond, or carbuncle.”
7. “…, and to see the errors, and wanderings, and mists, and tempests, in the vale
below,…”.
8. “Certainly there be, affecting free-will in thinking, as well as in acting”.
9. “…; where neither they make for pleasure, as with poets, nor for advantage, as
with the merchant: but for the lie’s sake.
10. “Truth may perhaps come to the prince of a pearl, that showeth best by day: but
it will not rise to the prince of a diamond, or carbuncle, that showeth best in
varied lights”.
11. “Doth any man doubt, that if there were taken out of men’s minds, vain
opinions, flattering hopes, false valuations, imaginations as one would.”
12. “First he breathed light, upon the face of the matter or chaos: then he breathed
light, into the face of man, and still he breathed and insprieth light, into the face
of his chosen.

7
 (ii). In the essay “Of Truth”, the morphological parallelisms are:

1. “… to fix a belief; affecting free-will in thinking, as well as in acting”. ( -ing

morphemes)
2. “but it is not the Lie that passed through the mind but the lie that sinketh in, and
settleth in it, that doth the hurt”. (-th (s) morphemes)
3. “… it imposeth upon men’s thoughts, that doth bring lies in favor,” (-th (s)
morphemes)
4. “…, which only doth judge itself, teacheth that the inquiry of truth…” (-th (s)
morphemes)
5. “…false valuations, imaginations as one would…, and indisposition …”
(-ion morphemes)
6. “…half so stately and daintily as candle-lights” (-ly morphemes)
7. “To pass from the theological and philosophical truth… (-cal morphemes).
8. “…which is the love-making or wooing of it…which is the enjoying of it…”
(-ing morphemes)
9. “But howsoever these things are thus in men’s depraved judgments and
affections”. (-s morphemes)
10. “ cannot possibly be so highly expressed…” (-ly morphemes)

(iii). There are some phonological parallelisms in the essay, “Of Truth”. They
are-

1. “… to fix a belief; affecting free-will in thinking, as well as in acting”. (/tɪŋ/

Assonance)
2. “a man’s mind move in charity, rest in providence”. (/m/ Alliteration)
3. “And though the sets of philosophers of that kind be gone, yet there remain
certain discoursing wits, which are of the same veins, though there be not so
much blood in them, as was in those of the ancients.” (/ð/ Alliteration, /eɪ/
Assonance)
4. “But it is not only the difficulty and labor, which men take in finding out of
truth, nor gain, that when it is found, it imposeth upon men’s thoughts, that doth
bring lies in favor: but a natural, though corrupt love, of the lie itself.” (/ð/, /l/
Alliteration).

8
5. “One of the later school of the Grecians, examineth the matter, and is at a stand
to think what should be in it, that men should love lies; where neither they make
for pleasure, as with poets, nor for advantage, as with the merchant: but for the
lie’s sake”. (/m/, /l/ Alliteration).
6. “But it is not the lie that passeth through the mind, but the lie that sinketh in and
settleth in it, that doth the hurt: such as we spake of before”. (/s/ Alliteration)
7. “The first creature of God, in the work of the days, was the light of the sense,
the last, was the light of reason: and his sabbath work ever since, is the
illumination of his spirit”. (/s/ Alliteration).
8. “For a lie faces God, and shrinks from man.” (/f/ Alliteration).
9. “Surely the wickedness of falsehood, and breach faith, cannot possibility be so
highly, as that it shall be the last peal, to call the judgment of God upon the
generations of men: it being foretold, that when Christ cometh, he shall not find
faith upon the earth”. (/f/, /k/ Alliteration).

9
 5.3 Data Analysis on “Of Marriage and Single Life”

(i). There are the grammatical parallelisms (syntactic parallelism) in the essay,
“Of Marriage and Single Life”. They are-

1. “there are some foolish, rich, covetous men…”

2. “wives are young men’s mistresses, companions for the middle age, and old
men’s nurses…”
3. “unmarried men are best friends, best masters, best servants…”
4. “…, especially in certain self-leasing and humorous minds …”
5. “when a man should marry,—A young man not yet, an elder man not at all.”

(ii). There are also a morphological parallelism (syntactic parallelism) in the

essay, “Of Marriage and Single Life”. They are -

1. “he that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; …” (-th
morphemes)
2. “Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded
from the unmarried or childless men; which both in affection and means have
married and endowed the public.” (-ed morphemes)
3. “children should have greatest care of future times; unto which they know they
must transit their dearest pledges.” (-est morphemes)
4. “It is indifferent for judges and magistrates; (-s morphemes)

(iii). There are phonological parallelisms in the essay, “Of Marriage and Single
Life”. They are-

1. “yet it were great reason that those that have children should have greatest care
of future time:” (/ᶞ/ Alliteration).
2. “…unto which they know they must transmit their dearest pledges”. (/ᶞ/
Alliteration).
3. “some there are, who though they lead a single life, yet their thought do end with
themselves…” (/ᶞ/ Alliteration).

10
4. “It is one of the best bonds both of chastity and obedience in the wife”. (/b/
Alliteration).
5. “a single life doth well with churchmen: for charity will hardly water the ground
where it must first fill a pool”. (/w/ Alliteration).
6. “though they may be many time more charitable, because their means are less
exhaust, yet …” ( /m/ Alliteration).
7. “he that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; …” (/h/
Alliteration).
8. “Nay, there are some other that account wife and children but as bills of charges.”

(/b/, /tʃ/ Alliteration)

9. “But the most ordinary cause of a single life is liberty, especially in certain self-
pleasing and humorous minds, which are so sensible of every restraint, as they
will go near to think their girdles and garters to be bonds and shackles. (/g/, /s/
Alliteration).
10. “A single life doth well with churchmen: for charity will hardly water the ground
where it must first fill a pool. (/w/, /tʃ/ Alliteration).
11. “It is indifferent for judges and magistrates: for if they be facile and corrupt, you
shall have a servant five times worse than a wife. (/f/Alliteration, /aɪ/ Assonance).
12. “…though they may be many times more charitable, because their means are less
exhausted, yet, on the other side, they are more cruel and hardhearted (good to
make severe inquisitors) because their tenderness is not so often called upon.
(/m/ Alliteration).
13. “Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly loving
husbands, as was said of Ulysses… (/k/ Alliteration).
14. “It is often seen that bad husband had very good wives: whether it be that
raiseth the price of their husband’s kindness when it comes… (/aɪ/ Assonance).

11
 5.3 Data Analysis on “Of Death”

(i). In the essay “Of Death”, the grammatical parallelisms (syntactic parallelism)
are-

1. “think how long thou hast done the same thing; not only a valiant man or a
miserable man but also a fastidious man is able to wish for death.
2. “groans and convulsions and a discolored face, and friends weeping, and blacks,
and obsequies, and the like, show death terrible”.
3. “revenge triumphs over drath; love slights it; honor aspireth to it; grief flieth to
it; fear pre-occupateth it”.
4. “better saith he, who accounts the close of life as one of the benefits of nature.”

(ii). In the essay “Of Death”, there are also the morphological parallelisms. They
are-

1. “death hath this also; that it openth the gate to good fame and extinguisheth
envy”. (-th morphemes)
2. “revenge triumphs over drath; love slights it; honor aspireth to it; grief flieth to
it; fear pre-occupateth it”. (-th morphemes)
3. “what a pain is, if he have but his finger’s end pressed, or tortured, and thereby
imagine”. (-ed moephemes)

(iii). In the essay “Of Death”, there are also phonological parallelisms. They are
-

1. “… bent upon somewhat that is good doth avert the dolers of death. (/d/
Alliteration).
2. “It is worthy the observing, that there is no person in the mind of man, so well,
but it mates, and masters, the fear of death, and therefore, death is no such
terrible enemy, when a man hath so many attendants about him, that can win
the combat of him. (/m/, /w/ Alliteration)

12
3. “what a pain is, if he have but his finger’s end pressed, or tortured, and thereby
imagine, what the pain of death are, when the whole body is less pain than the
torture of a limb, for most vital parts… (/p/ alliteration).
4. “Certainly, the contemplation of death, as the wages of sin, and passage to
another world, is holy and religious, but the fear of it, as a tribute due unto
nature, is weak. (/w/ Alliteration).
5. “it is no less worthy, to observe, how little alteration good spirits, the approaches
of death make; for they appear to be the same men, till the last instant. (/l/
alliteration)
6. “and by him that spake only as a philosopher and natural man was well said. It
is the accomplishments of death that are frightful rather than death itself. (/ð/
alliteration)

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6. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

In the findings, we found about the different types of parallelisms and their
branches. In fact, not only the presented three essays but also the rests have many
literally parallelisms. Nevertheless, our finding results are as follow;

1. Of Truth 31 parallelisms
2. Of Marriage and Single Life 23 parallelisms
3. Of Death 13 parallelisms

The types of parallelisms in each essay are as follow:

Phonological Morphological Grammatical Total

Parallelism Parallelism Parallelism
Of Truth 9 10 12 31

Of 14 4 5 23
marriage
and
Single
Life
Of Death 6 3 4 13

Table 6.1: The Numbers of Parallelism Structures and Their Types in Bacon’s
Three Essays

14
 16

14

12

10

0
Of Truth Of Marriage and Of Death
Single Life

Phonological Parallelism Morphological Parallelism Grammatical Parallelism

Figure 6.1: Demonstrating the Number of parallelism Structures Found in

Bacon’s three Essays

OF TRUTH
Phonological
Parallelism
29%

Morphological
Parallelism
32%

Grammatical
Parallelism
39%

Figure 6.2: Demonstrating the Percentage of parallelism Structures Found in the

Essay “Of Truth”

15
 OF MARRIAGE AND SINGLE LIFE

Phonological
Parallelism
61%

Gramatical
Parallelism
22% Morphological
Parallelism
17%

Figure 6.4: Demonstrating the Percentage of parallelism Structures Found in the

Essay “Of Marriage and Single Life”

OF DEATH

Grammatical
Parallelism
Morphological 31%
Parallelism
23%

Phonological
Parallelism
46%

Figure 6.3: Demonstrating the Percentage of parallelism Structures Found in the

Essay “Of Death”

16
 Finally, according to the previous findings on the parallelism structures in the
essays of Francis Bacon, it is found that he used the phonological parallelism mostly in
his every essay. And, he also used grammatical and morphological parallelism
moderately. Finally, he never used the extended parallelism. This is due to the fact that
such kind of parallelism is used in the comedy novels, and plays. In addition to this, we
left the study of lexical parallelism in his essays. His writing style is so simple but he
often used compound sentences by joining with conjunctions frequently. His focused
messages are very popular because of his style. He often used the various forms of
parallelisms in his messages. His grammatical parallelisms make his focused messages
short and clear to understand. Some of his sentences became popular as the sayings. So,
the readers can know vividly what he wants to point out. Writing his messages with
various parallelisms is one of the Francis Bacon’s being famous in English Literature
field.

17
7. CONCLUSION
To conclude this paper, the parallelism structures in the Essay of Francis Bacon
and types of parallelisms theories can be found. Moreover, the examples of parallelisms
and how they reflect the author’s focused messages are described in the paper.
The answers to the research questions are as follow:
1. What sorts of parallelisms are mainly used and rarely used in his
essays?
- Phonological parallelism is mainly used and extended parallelism is
rarely used.
2. How do this parallelism structures make the essays interesting?
- His grammatical parallelisms make his focused messages short and
clear to understand.

18
 REFERENCES

 Hebron, M. Mastering the Language of Literature.

 McMahan, E. Literature and the winning process.
 Quinn, E. Literary and Thematic Terms: Facts on File Library of American
Literature. (2nd ed.).
 Taylor, J. (1613-67). Sermon Preached at the Funeral of the Lord Primate.
 Walter, E. Cambridge Advanced Learners’ Dictionary (3rd ed.). Cambridge
University Press. 2008.

E-RESOURCES
 www.wikipedia.com.org
 http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/francis-bacon-115.php
 http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/topic/essays
 http://www.authorama.com/essays-of-francis-bacon-15.html
 http://bartleby.com/3/1/14.html#txt2
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essays_%28Francis_Bacon%29
 http://www.enotes.com/topics/essays
 http://writetoscore.com/category/analysis-of-francis-bacon-essays/
 http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-parallelism-in-literature-definition-
examples.html
 http://www.studymode.com/subjects/summary-of-truth-by-francis-bacon-
page1.html
 http://www.slideshare.net/Bhattigr8/types-of-parallelism?qid=9d5dc1c3-f11d-
4381-894a-b4fa2accd0b9&v=qf1&b=&from_search=1

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 APPENDEX: THE BIOGRAPHY OF FRACNIS BACON

He was born in a nursing home at Dublin on January 22, 1561. His father was
the Lord Keeper of the Greatest Seal under Queen Elizabeth I. He studied at Trinity
College, Cambridge, from 1573 to 1575. He was an English philosopher, statesman,
scientist, jurist, orator, essayist and author. Bacon is also known as a father of
empiricism.

Biographers believe that Bacon was educated at home in his early years owing
to poor health, which would plague him throughout his life. He entered Trinity College,
Cambridge on April 5, 1573 at the age of 12. Bacon’s education was conducted largely
in Latin and followed the medieval curriculum. He was also educated at the University
of Poitiers. It was at Cambridge that he first met Queen Elizabeth, who was impressed
by his precocious intellect, and was accustomed to calling him “The young lord
keeper”.

When he was 36, Bacon engaged in the courtship of Elizabeth Hatton, a young
widow of 20. Reportedly, she broke off their relationship because she wanted to get
married with another wealthier man, Bacon’s rival, Edward Coke. At the age of 45,
Bacon married Alice Barnham, the 14-year-old daughter of a well-connected London
alderman and MP. And Bacon wrote two sonnets proclaiming his love for Alice.

He attempted a scientific experiment in March 1626. Later he caught cold and

went to stay at the Earl of Arundel’s house nearby. Then he died of pneumonia at
Highgate outside London on April 9, 1626.

20
 FRANCIS BACON’S ESSAYS LISTS AND PUBLSHED YEAR
He wrote a lot of books according to his experiences. He is also known as the
father of empiricism. Among of his works, there are 59 books of Francis Bacon that he
started with the preposition “Of” in the titles. They are -

1. Of Expense (1597)
2. Of Regimen of Health (1597)
3. Of Discourse (1597)
4. Of Negotiating (1597)
5. Of Followers and Friends (1597)
6. Of Suitors (1597)
7. Of Studies (1597)
8. Of Faction (1597)
9. Of Ceremonies and Respects (1597)
10. Of Honor and Reputation (1597)
11. Of Death (1612)
12. Of Unity In Religion/ Of Religion (1612)
13. Of Parents and Children (1612)
14. Of Marriage and Single Life (1612)
15. Of Love (1612)
16. Of Great Place (1612)
17. Of Goodness and Goodness of Nature (1612)
18. Of Nobility (1612)
19. Of Atheism (1612)
20. Of Superstition (1612)
21. Of Empire (1612)
22. Of Counsels (1612)
23. Of Cunning (1612)
24. Of Wisdom for A Man’s Self (1612)
25. Of Dispatch (1612)
26. Of Seeming Wise (1612)
27. Of Friendship (1612)
28. Of The True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates (1612)
29. Of Riches (1612)
21
30. Of Ambition (1612)
31. Of Nature In Men (1612)
32. Of Custom and Education (1612)
33. Of Fortune (1612)
34. Of Youth and Age (1612)
35. Of Beauty (1612)
36. Of Deformity (1612)
37. Of Praise (1612)
38. Of Vain Glory (1612)
39. Of Judicature (1612)
40. Of Truth (1625)
41. Of Revenge (1625)
42. Of Adversity (1625)
43. Of Simulation and Dissimulation (1625)
44. Of Envy (1625)
45. Of Boldness (1625)
46. Of Seditions and Troubles (1625)
47. Of Travel (1625)
48. Of Delays (1625)
49. Of Innovations (1625)
50. Of Suspicion (1625)
51. Of Plantations (1625)
52. Of Prophecies (1625)
53. Of Masques and Triumphs (1625)
54. Of Usury (1625)
55. Of Building (1625)
56. Of Gardens (1625)
57. Of Anger (1625)
58. Of Vicissitude of Things (1625)
59. Of The Colours of Good and Evil (Unknown year)

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