Visvesvaraya Technological University

Belagavi Karnataka, 590-018

Internship Report on

“SWR: SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY”

Submitted By

1. Anurag .T 2KE16EE004
2. Mohammad Hashmi . U. M 2KE16EE013
3. Preeti. K 2KE16EE020
4. Rakshita. R 2KE16EE025
5. Ramya. P 2KE16EE026
6. Sana. M 2KE16EE030
7. Shalini. D 2KE16EE036
8. Shreya. A 2KE16EE041
9. Shruthi. M 2KE16EE042
10. Sujay. M 2KE16EE047
11. Suraj. M 2KE16EE048

Under the Guidance of

External Guide Internal Guide

Er. Raghavendra Vishwakarma Prof.Kumar Swamy V
AEE, HESCOM Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Subject Code: 15EE84

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

K.L.E INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Gokul, Hubballi - 580030
Academic Year 2019-2020
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

On the successful completion of this internship work, I would like to acknowledge and
extend my heartfelt gratitude to the following people who supported me to complete
the internship.

To my beloved principal Dr. B. S. Anami, for providing an ideal atmosphere to

pursue my objectives under his able administration.

I am also thankful to Dr. Sharad G Joshi, Dean Academics, for creating right kind of
milieu and giving moral support.

I am also thankful to Dr. Vinoda S., Head of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Department, who has given valuable suggestions during the work and her moral
support and encouragement.

Iam very much thankful to Hon’ble DEE Mr Prthaban,(South western railway)for

providing an opportunity to carry out our internship in your esteemed organization.

I am thankful forMr.Kamaraju, (Sr.TTC/UBLS) SWR, for your guidance to allot

an internship.

I am thankful for Mr. Prateek P(Tech-III/TLW/MEMU/UBLS) SWR, for guiding to

take internship and constant

I am also thankful for all the supporting staff of SWR who contributed directly or
indirectly for completion of the internship

I am also thankful to my guide Prof. M G hudedmani , Department of Electrical and

Electronics Engineering for his encouragement, effective guidance and valuable
suggestions right from the beginning of the seminar till its completion, without which
this internship work would not have been accomplished. I am greatly indebted to him.

I would like to express my heart full thanks to all the teaching faculty and staff
members of the department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for constructive
suggestion and constant encouragement.

I also thank to my parents and all my friends wholeheartedly who have rendered their
help, motivation and support to accomplish this work.
 CONTENTS

Chapter No. Name of the Chapter Page No.

1. INTRODUCTION…………………………… 1

1.1 DISTRIBUTION SECTORS OF HESCOM………….. 1

1.2 HESCOM AT GLANCE................................................ 5
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF HESCOM………………………….. 6

1.4 DAY WISE REPORT…………………………………. 6

2. METER TESTING DIVISION……………......... 8

2.1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………… 8
2.2 TYPES OF METERS AND USES……………………... 9
2.3 TYPES OF ENERGY METERS……………………….. 10
2.4 BACKLOGS IN THE SYSTEM……………………….. 12
2.5 IMPROVEMENTS……………………………………... 12
2.6 FUTURE ENERGY METER………………………….. 13
2.7 BENEFITS ……………………………………………. 13
2.8 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT…………………………. 14
2.9 TESTING……………………………………………… 14
2.10 TAMPERING AND REMEDIES……………………… 15

3. LOW TENSION INSTALLATION AND TARIFF.. 16

3.1 TARIFF CATEGORIES………………………………... 16

4. TRANSFORMERS…………………………… 29
4.1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………… 29
4.2 TRANSFORMER TYPES……………………………… 30
4.3 INTERNAL PARTS……………………………………. 30
 4.4 EXTERNAL PARTS…………………………………… 33

5. INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER……………… 38
5.1 CURRENT TRANSFORMER…………………………. 38
5.2 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER……………………….. 39

6. SUBSTATION………………………………… 42
6.1 INTRODUCTION………………………………........... 42
6.2 TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS…………………………... 43
6.3 SUBSTATION LAYOUT……………………………... 46
6.4 COMPONENTS OF SUBSTATION…………………... 47

7. MAINTENANCE OF SUBSTATION…………… 58
7.1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………… 58
7.2 OBJECTIVE OF SURVEY…………………………….. 59
7.3 SURVEY SAMPLE…………………………………….. 59
7.4 TESTS CARRIED ON SUBSTATION………………... 60

8. ENERGY AUDITING………………………… 61
8.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………….. 61
8.2 BENEFITS…………………………………………….. 61
8.3 MAJOR AREAS FOR INSPECTION………………… 61
8.4 ENERGY AUDIT ACTIVITIES……………………… 62

8.5 THERMOGRAPHY…………………………………… 62
8.6 POWER LOGGING…………………………………… 62

8.7 ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF HVAC SYSTEMS……...

62
8.8 ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MOTORS………………. 62
8.9 LIGHTNING SYSTEMS……………………………… 62
8.10 SMART METERS…………………………………….. 63
8.11 GADGETS TO BE USED…………………………….. 63
8.12 APPROACH TO ENERGY AUDIT…………………... 63

9. SCADA SOFTWARE SYSTEM………………... 64

 9.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………….. 64

9.2 COMPONENTS ………………………………………. 64

9.3 AUTOMATION………………………………………. 64
9.4 ADVANTAGES……………………………………….. 65

10. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS…… 67

10.1 CONDUCTORS……………………………………….. 67

10.2 INSULATORS………………………………………… 68

10.3 TYPES OF INSULATORS…………………………… 69

10.4 POLES………………………………………………… 71
10.5 GOS……………………………………………………. 74

10.6 UG CABLES…………………………………………... 75

10.7 UG CABLE FAULT DETECTION…………………… 77

11. DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT……………... 84

11.1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………. 84
11.2 DRIVING FORCES BEHIND DSM………………… 84
11.3 BENEFITS OF DSM…………………………………. 84
11.4 BENEFITS FOR CONSUMERS…………………….. 85
11.5 BENEFITS FOR UTILITY…………………………... 85
11.6 BENEFITS FOR SOCIETY………………………….. 85
11.7 DSM ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES……………… 86
11.8 VARIOUS TARIFF OPTIONS FOR DSM………….. 87
11.9 TARIFF STRUCTURES……………………………... 87
11.10 LOAD HAPING OBJECTIVES……………………... 88

12. OUTCOMES…………………………………... 91

13. CONCLUSION………………………………… 92
REFERENCES……………………………….... 93