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PROTEIN
Objectives
Introduction to Protein Nutrient
Attributes of Protein
Classification of Protein
Source of Protein
Functions of Protein
RDA for Protein
Excess and Deficiency of proteins
Protein
After water, protein is the most plentiful
substance in the body. Proteins grow,
maintain, and replace the tissues in our
bodies. Therefore our muscles, organs, and
immune systems are mostly made of
protein. Once protein is digested it is
broken down into its amino acid.
You'll find protein in lots of yummy foods
like eggs, nuts, beans, fish, meat, and milk.
PROTEIN
It is an organic compound contain C,H,O,N,S
Protein is the 50% dry weight of cells (total
cell weight = 70% of water + 30% of protein
Protein is made up of amino acids
There are 20 amino acids in our body. Out of
20 amino acids 9 are essential that need to
take everyday from food and 11 are non
essential that body can make themselves
ATTRIBUTES OF PROTEIN
8 Complete protein that has all amino acids including essential ones are meat,
poultry, fish, dairy products, eggs, and soy. Incomplete protein sources
include nuts, grains, fruits, and vegetables. Therefore it is important for
vegetarians to pair meals wisely in order to get all essential amino acids in
their daily diet.
9 Keratin is a type of protein that our hair, nails and outer skin is made off.
10 Taking on too much protein can be dangerous to the body, it is a strain on
the liver and kidneys causing them to work extra hard to get rid of the extra
protein.
11 Like the other energy sources, carbohydrates and fat, too much protein can
also lead to weight gain.
12 The protein contained in eggs is considered to be the highest quality protein
out of all foods.
13 Insects actually contain quite high levels of protein, more than some normal
protein foods.
14 Proteins in some food can cause allergies as the structure of a protein can
cause a reaction in the immune system. A lot of people are allergic to gluten
for example, which is a protein in wheat and grains.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF PROTEIN
Structure
Biological Function
Composition
Structures of Protein
Biological Function of protein
Proteins depending upon their physical and chemical structure and
location inside the cell, they perform various functions. Proteins are
grouped as follows, based on their metabolic function they perform
1. Enzymic Proteins- They are the most varied & highly specialized
proteins with catalytic activity. Enzymes catalyze a variety of
reactions
2. Structural Proteins- These proteins aid in strengthening or
protecting biological structures. Example: KERATIN
3. Transport or Carrier Proteins- These proteins help in transport of
ions or molecules in the body. Example: Hemoglobin
4. Nutrient and Storage Proteins - These proteins provide nutrition
to growing embryos and store ions
5. Contractile or Motile Proteins- These proteins function in the co
ntractile system. Example: Actin
6. Defense Proteins- These proteins defend against other organisms.
Example: Antibodies
7. Regulatory Proteins- They regulate cellular or metabolic activities.
Example: Hormones:- Insulin
8. Toxic Proteins - These proteins hydrolyze or degrade enzymes. Exa
mple: snake venom
CLASSIFICATIONS OF PROTEIN
COMPOSITION
1. SIMPLE PROTEINS- are those which on hydrolysis yield
only amino acids and no other major organic or
inorganic hydrolysis products.
They usually contain about 50% carbon,7% hydrogen, 2%
oxygen, 16% nitrogen and 0–3% sulphur.
o Example: -Egg (albumin) -Serum (globulins) –Wheat (Glu
telin) -Rice (Coryzenin)
2. CONJUGATED PROTEINS- are those which on hydrolysis
yield not only amino acids but also organic or inorganic c
omponents. The non-amino acid part of a conjugated pr
otein is called prosthetic group.
SOURCE OF PROTEIN
FUNCTIONS OF PROTEIN
1. Growth and Maintenance- Your body needs protein for growth and maintenance
of tissues.
2. Causes Biochemical Reactions- Bodily functions that depend on protein enzymes
include: Digestion, Energy production, Blood clotting, Muscle contraction
3. Acts as a Messenger- Amino acid chains of various lengths form protein and
peptides, which make up several of your body’s hormones and transmit
information between your cells, tissues and organs.
4. Provides Structure- A class of proteins known as fibrous proteins provide various
parts of your body with structure, strength and elasticity.
FUNCTIONS OF PROTEIN
5. Maintains Proper ph.- Proteins act as a buffer system,
helping your body maintain proper pH values of the
blood and other bodily fluids.
6. Balances Fluids- Proteins in your blood maintain the
fluid balance between your blood and the surroundin
g tissues.
7. Strength Immune Health- Proteins form antibodies to
protect your body from foreign invaders, such as
disease-causing bacteria and viruses.
8. Transports and Stores Nutrients- Some proteins trans
port nutrients throughout your entire body, while
others store them.
9. Provides Energy- Protein can serve as a valuable
energy source but only in situations of fasting,
exhaustive exercise or inadequate calorie intake.
RDA OF PROTEIN
Q. Prepare the chart that includes rich source of protein veg. &
non veg. food both
Q. Write 5 major functions of protein in our body
Q. Classify protein on the basis of structure composition,
biological function?
Q. Write daily requirement of protein for average age male
and women?