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Module tests numerical answers

Module 1 Test 1

π π   π  1
1 (a) (i) 6e x + 1  cos  x  + sin  x   (ii) −
 4  4   4   2x 1 − 2x
1 1
(b) ln  
16  4 
4 2  15 
(c) (i) + (ii) 2 ln  
2x − 1 x + 3  4
(d) Proof
π
2 (a) (i) − 1 − x 2 + c (ii) − 1
2
π 4
(b) − 3π 2 + 24
16
(c) Approx: 0.644, exact: 0.491 (3 dp)
3 (a) (ii) y = −2
(b) Proof
(c) (2 + 2) + (3 + 2)i

Module 1 Test 2

x 1 x cos( x 2 + 4)
1 (a) (i) 9 tan 2 (3x ) sec 2 (3x ) − 8 sin x cos x (ii) − (iii)
1 + x 2 2( x + 2) sin ( x 2 + 4)
2−x
(b)
(1 − x) + 4 x − 3)3/ 2
2

1 3 π
(c) (i) + (ii) + 3 ln 2
x +1 x +1
2 4
11 3 8 1 1
2 (a) e − (b) y = − x + ln 3 (c) 5 y + 2 x =
7
81 81 3 3
3 4 1  nπ 
3 (a) e + (b) tan   , n = 1, 3, 5, 7 (c)(i) v = 2 + i, − 2 −i, z =1 + i, 3 + 2i
16 16  8 

Module 2 Test 1

1 1 1 2 1 3
1 (a) a = −8, b = 1 (b) (i) 2 , 4 , 9,15 (c) x − x + x
2 2 2 6
1 2
2 (a) 1 + x + x , − 1< x <1 (b) n2 + 3n (c) Proof
2
3 (a) Proof (b) Proof (c) Proof (d) 1.57

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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Module 2 Test 2

3 1 1
1 (a) (ii) − − (b) 3, 10, 17, 24, an = 7n − 4 (c) Proof
2 n n +1
5 −1 1 5060 3
2 (a) 1 − x − x 2 − x3 + ... , <x< (b) 0.86 (c) 2 + 23x + 184 x 2 + x + ...
3 3 3 3
x3 x5
3 (a) (i) sin x =x − + +…
6 120
x2 x4
cos x =− 1 + +…
2 24
1 5 4
(ii) 1 + x 2 + x +…
2 24
1 2
(iii) x + x 3 + x 5 +…
3 15
(iv) 0.00100
2 3
1 3 π 1  π 3 π
(b) −  x −  −  x −  + x − 
2 2 3 4 3 12  3
cos 61˚ ≈ 0.48481

Module 3 Test 1

1 (a) 210 (i) 90 (ii) 60

−t
(b) x = Ae + Be − 4 sin 2t + 3 cos 2t
4t
x= − 3e −t − 4 sin 2t + 3 cos 2t
5 15
(c) (i) (ii)
14 28
5 5 1
2 (a) (i) 91 (ii) 8820 (b) (i) (ii) (iii)
18 9 18
(c) =y (e + 1) cos x
x

10 x + 100 y + 50 z =85 000 10 100 50   x   85 000 

    
3 (a) (i) 15 x + 120 y + 70 z =119 000 (ii)  15 120 70   y  = 119 000 
18 x + 105 y + 100 z =  18 105 100   z  136 250 
136 250     
 930 −475 20 
1  
(iii) − −48 10 1 =
(iv) =
x TT$ 5000, =
y TT$ 250, z TT$ 200
135 
 −117 75 −6 
(b) x = −1, 4

Module 3 Test 2

1 4 3
1 (a) 720 (b) (i) 30 (ii) 500 (c) (i) (ii) (iii)
30 5 8

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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3 6 
x= − + λ
2 −1  x   1  5 5
1 
     11 7 
2 (a) Proof (b) (i)  3 4 2   y = 7 (ii) Proof (iii) y = − λ  λ ∈
9 5 5 
 7 −1  z  10 
  
z= λ 


6 0 0 3 −2 1
  1 
(c) (i)  0 6 0 (ii)  3 2 −1
0 6
 0 6   −3 4 1 
B 4 −2 x 6 3 x
3 (a) y = e3x (b=
) y Ax5 + 3 (c)=
y e + e − x2 − x − 2
x 5 5

Full Worked Answers

Module 1 Test 1

d  x +1  π   π  π  π 
1 (a) (i) =  6 e sin  x   6e x + 1  cos  x   + 6e x + 1 sin  x 
dx   
4  4  
4  4 
π π   π 
= 6e x + 1  cos  x  + sin  x  
4 4   4 
d 1 −2 1
(ii) sin −1 (1 − 2 x)1/ 2  = = −
dx   2 1 − 2 x 1 − (−2 x + 1) 2x 1 − 2x
−t
(b) θ = 4
ln θ = ln 4−t
ln θ = −t ln 4
1 dθ
⇒ = − ln 4
θ dt
dθ
= ( − ln 4)θ = ( − ln 4)4 − t
dt
dθ 1 1
When= t = 2, =
(ln 4−1 ) (4−2 ) ln  
dt 16  4 
8 x + 10 8 x + 10
(c) (i) ≡
2 x + 5 x − 3 (2 x − 1) ( x + 3)
2

8 x + 10 A B
≡ +
(2 x − 1) ( x + 3) 2 x − 1 x + 3
8x + 10 ≡ A(x + 3) + B(2x − 1)
1 7
When = x , 14 = A ⇒= A 4
2 2
When x = − 3, − 14 = − 7B ⇒ B = 2
8 x + 10 4 2
∴ ≡ +
(2 x − 1) ( x + 3) 2 x − 1 x + 3
2
2 8 x + 10 2
4 
∫ ∫
4 2
(ii) = dx + = dx  ln 2 x − 1 + 2 ln x + 3 
1 (2 x − 1) ( x + 3) 1 2x − 1 x+3  2 1
= (2 ln 3 + 2 ln 5) − (2 ln 1 + 2 ln 4)

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 4 of 28

= 2 ln 15 − 2 ln 4
 15 
= 2 ln  
 4
−1
(d) y = tan x
⇒ tan y = x
dy
⇒ sec 2 y = 1
dx
dy 1
=
d x sec 2 y
1
=
1 + tan 2 y
Since tan y = x
dy 1
⇒ = 2
dx 1 + x

∫
x
2 (a) (i) dx
1 − x2
u = 1 − x2
du = −2x dx
1
− du = x dx
2
1 − x2 =u

∫ ∫
x 1 1
∴ dx =
− du
1− x 2 2 u

∫
1
u −1/ 2 du
= −
2
1
−
= 2 u1/ 2 + c
12
=
− u +c

∫
x
Since u =
1 − x2 ⇒ dx =
− 1 − x2 + c
1− x 2

1
(ii)
∫ sin
0
−1
x dx

Let u = sin−1x, dv = 1
du 1
= = , v x
dx 1 − x2
1 1

∫ ∫
1 x
−1
=
sin ( x) dx  x sin −1 x  − dx
 0
0 0 1 − x2
1
=  x sin −1 x + 1 − x 2 
  0

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 5 of 28

= sin −1 (1) − 1
π
= −1
2
π
(b) I n =
∫
0
2 n
t cos t dt

n dv
=
Let u t= , cos t
dt
du
= n= t n −1 , v sin t
dt
π/ 2 π/ 2
=I n t n sin t  − n
 0 ∫0
t n − 1 sin t dt
n π/2
 π
=In   − n
 2 ∫ 0
t n − 1 sin t dt [1]
π

∫ 0
2 n −1
t sin t dt

dv
Let u = tn − 1, = sin t
dt
du
(n − 1)t n − 2 , v =
= − cos t
dt
π π
π/ 2
∴
∫ 0
2 n −1
t  t n −1 cos t  + (n − 1)
sin t dt =−
 0 ∫0
2 n−2
t cos t dt
n −1 π/ 2 π/2
π π
=
− 
2 ∫
cos   + (n − 1) I n − 2 , since I n = t n cos t dt ⟹ I n − 2 =
2 0 ∫0
t n − 2 cos t dt

π /2
∴
∫ 0
t n − 1 sin t dt =
(n − 1) I n −2
Substituting into [1]:
n
π
I n =   − n(n − 1) I n − 2
2
4
 π
=
When n = 4, I 4   − 4(3) I 2
 2
π4
= − 12 I 2
16
2
 π
=
When n = 2, I 2   − 2(1) I 0
 2
π2
= − 2I0
4
π/ 2
π
I=
0
∫ 0
t 0 cos t d=
t [sin t ]0π /=2 sin   − sin 0= 1
2
π2
∴ I2 = −2
4

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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π4  π2  π4
I 4= − 12  − 2 = − 3π2 + 24
16  4  16
(c)

x 0 1 2
e-2x 1 e-2 = 0.135335 e-4 = 0.018316
Using the trapezium rule:
2

∫
1
e −2 x dx ≈ (1)[(1 + 0.018316) + 2(0.135335)]
0 2
= 0.644 (3 dp)
For the exact value:
2
2

∫
1
e −2 x dx = − e −2 x 
0 2 0
1 −4 1
=− e + = 0.491 (3 dp)
2 2
3 (a) (i) x = 4 + 2 cos θ
dx
= 2 sin θ
dθ
y = 2 cos 2θ
dy
= − 4 sin 2θ
dθ
dy dy dx
= ÷
dx dθ dθ
−4 sin 2θ −8 sin θ cos θ
= = = − 4 cos θ
2 sin θ 2 sin θ
π π dy π dy
(ii) When θ = , x= 4 + 2 cos , y = 2 cos π, =
− 4 cos , x =
4, y =
− 2, =
0
2 2 dx 2 dx
Equation of the tangent
y + 2 = 0 (x − 4)
y = −2
2
(b) y + sin (xy) = 2.
Differentiate wrt x:
dy  dy 
2y + cos( xy )  y + x  = 0
dx  dx 
π
When = x = , y 1
2
 π  dy  π   π  dy  
⇒ 2  + cos   1 +    = 0
 2  dx  2   2  dx  

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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dy
π =0
dx
dy
=0
dx
(c) (i) z − 2 − 3i =2
⇒ z − (2 + 3i) = 2
The locus is a circle centre (2, 3) radius 2
π
(ii) arg ( z − 2 − 3i) =
4
π
arg ( z − (2 + 3i)) =
4
π
The locus is a half-line starting at (2, 3) excluding (2, 3) making an angle of radians
4
with the positive real axis.

Point of intersection is a + bi
a= 2 + 2
b= 3 + 2
∴ Point of intersection is (2 + 2) + i(3 + 2)

Module 1 Test 2

(a)=
1 (i) y tan 3 (3x) + 4 cos 2 x
dy
= 3 tan 2 (3x)[3 sec 2 (3x)] + 8 cos x(− sin x)
dx
= 9 tan 2 (3x) sec 2 (3x) − 8 sin x cos x

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 8 of 28

1 + x2
(ii) y = ln
2+ x
1  1 + x2 
= ln  
2  2 + x 
1 1
y=
ln(1 + x 2 ) − ln(2 + x)
2 2
dy x 1
= −
dx 1 + x 2 2( x + 2)
1
(iii)=
y sin( x + 4)
2
= [sin( x + 2
4)] 2
1
dy 1 −
= [sin( x 2 + 4)] 2 [2 x cos( x 2 + 4)]
dx 2
x cos( x 2 + 4)
=
sin( x 2 + 4)
(b) y sin −1 (2 − x)
=
dy −1
= =− [1 − (2 − x) 2 ]−1/ 2
dx 1 − (2 − x) 2

=−[1 − (4 − 4 x + x 2 )]−1/ 2
= −(− x 2 + 4 x − 3) −1/ 2
d2 y 1
= (−2 x + 4) (− x 2 + 4 x − 3) −3/ 2
dx 2 2
2−x
=
(− x + 4 x − 3)3/ 2
2

3x 2 + x + 4 Ax + B C
(c) (i) ≡ 2 +
( x + 1)( x + 1)
2
x +1 x +1
∴ 3x 2 + x + 4 ≡ ( Ax + B) ( x + 1) + C ( x 2 + 1)
When x = −1, 6 = 2C ⇒ C = 3
When x = 0, 4 = B + C ⇒ B = 1
Equating coefficients of x2: 3 = A + C ⇒ A = 0
3x 2 + x + 4 1 3
∴ 2 ≡ 2 +
( x + 1) ( x + 1) x + 1 x + 1
13x 2 + x + 4
(ii)
∫0 ( x + 1) ( x + 1)
2
dx

∫
1 3
= + dx
0 x +1 x +1
2

= tan −1 ( x ) + 3 ln x + 1 
1
0
= tan −11 + 3 ln 2
π
= + 3 ln 2
4

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 9 of 28

1
(a) I n =
∫x
n 3x
2 e dx
0
n dv
=u x=, e3 x
dx
du n −1 1 3x
= nx = ,v e
dx 3
1
1 n 3x  1 1
=In
3
x e  − n
0 3 ∫x 0
n −1 3x
e dx

1 1

∫ ∫x
1 1 n −1 3 x
I n = e3 − n I n −1 , since I n = x n e3 x dx ⇒ I n −1 = e dx
3 3 0 0
1
I4 =
∫x
0
4 3x
e dx

1 3 4
=
I4 e − I3
3 3
1 3
=
I3 e − I2
3
1 3 2
=
I2 e − I1
3 3
1 3 1
=
I1 e − I0
3 3
1
Since I n =
∫xe
0
n 3x
dx
1
1
1  1 3 1
=
∫ x e = dx  e3 x=  3 e − 3
0 3x
I0
0 3 0
1 1 1 1
I1 =e3 −  e3 − 
3 3 3 3
2 3 1
= e +
9 9
1 3 2 2 3 1
I 2 =e −  e + 
3 3 9 9
5 3 2
= e −
27 27
1 5 2
I 3 =e3 −  e3 − 
3  27 27 
4 3 2
= e +
27 27
1 3 44 3 2
I 4 =− e e + 
3 3  27 27 
27 3 16 3 8
= e − e −
81 81 81
11 3 8
= e −
81 81
(b) x = ln(2t + 1), y = t2 − 1

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 Page 10 of 28

dx 2 dy
= = , 2t
dt 2t + 1 dt
dy dy dx
= ÷
dx dt dt
2t
= = t (2t + 1)
2
2t + 1
When t = 1, x = ln 3, y = 0
dy
= (1) (2 + 1)
= 3
dx
1
Gradient of the normal = −
3
Equation of the normal:
1
y − 0 =− ( x − ln 3)
3
1 1
y= − x + ln 3
3 3
(c) xy + 2 x y =
2 2
3x.
dy dy
x + y + 4x2 y + 4 xy 2 =
3
dx dx
dy dy
When x = 1, y = 1, ⇒ +1+ 4 +4=3
dx dx
dy
5 = −2
dx
dy 2
= −
dx 5
2
Equation of the tangent at (1, 1) is −
5
2
y − 1 =− ( x − 1)
5
5 y − 5 =− 2 x + 2
5 y + 2x = 7
e
3 (a)
∫1
x 3 ln x dx

dv
=u ln=
x, x3
dx
du 1 1 4
= = ,v x
dx x 4
e
e
1  e1

∫=
1
x3 ln x dx  x 4 ln
4
x −
1 ∫
1 4
x3 dx

e
1 4 1 4
=  4 x ln x − 16 x 
1
1 1   1 
=  e 4 ln e − e 4  −  − 
4 16   16 

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 11 of 28

3 4 1
= e +
16 16
(b) cos 4θ + i sin 4θ = (cos θ + i sin θ)4
∴ cos 4θ + i sin=
4θ cos 4 θ + 4C1 cos3 θ(i sin θ) + 4C2 cos 2 θ(i sin θ) 2
+ 4C3 cos θ(i sin θ)3 + (i sin θ) 4
= (cos 4 θ − 6 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ + sin 4 θ ) + i (4 cos3 θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin 3 θ)
Equating real and imaginary parts
cos 4θ = cos 4 θ − 6 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ + sin 4 θ
sin 4θ 4 cos3 θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin 3 θ
=
sin 4θ 4 cos3 θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin 3 θ
=
Now tan 4θ =
cos 4θ cos4 θ − 6 cos2 θ sin 2 θ + sin 4 θ
Dividing top and bottom by cos 4θ
4 cos3 θ sin θ 4 cos θ sin 3 θ
−
tan 4θ = cos 4 θ cos4 θ .
cos θ 6 cos θ sin θ sin 4 θ
4 2 2
− +
cos4 θ cos4 θ cos4 θ
4 tan θ − 4 tan 3 θ
=
1 − 6 tan 2 θ + tan 4 θ
x tan θ ⇒ x 4 − 6 x 2 +=
Let = 1 0
⇒ tan 4 θ − 6 tan 2 θ + 1 =0
π 3π 5π 7π
∴ tan 4θ → ∞, 4θ = , , ,
2 2 2 2
π 3π 5π 7π
θ= , , ,
8 8 8 8
 nπ 
= ∴ x tan=   , n 1, 3, 5, 7
 8 
(c) (i) v 2= 3 + 4i
( x + iy) 2 =
3 + 4i
x 2 − y 2 + i (2 xy) =3 + 4i
Equating real and imaginary parts:
x2 − y 2 = 3 [1]
2 xy = 4 [2]
2
From [2] y =
x
2
 2
x2 −   =3
 x
x 4 − 3x 2 − 4 =0
( x 2 − 4) ( x 2 + 1) =
0
x 2 =4 ⇒ x =± 2 since x ∈ ℝ
2
When x = 2, y= = 1
2

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 12 of 28

2
When x = − 2, y == −1
−2
∴ v = 2 + i , −2 − i
(ii) z 2 − (4 + 3i) z + 1 + 5i =0
4 + 3i ± (4 + 3i)2 − 4(1 + 5i)
z=
2
(4 + 3i) ± 16 + 24i + 9i 2 − 4 − 20i
=
2
(4 ± 3i ) ± 3 + 4i
=
2
Since v = 3 + 4i = 2 + i, − 2 − i
4 + 3i + 2 + i 6 + 4i
z= = = 3 + 2i
2 2
4 + 3i − 2 − i 2 + 2i
or z = = = 1+ i
2 2

Module 2 Test 1

1 (a) (1 + by )8 =
1 + 8C1 (by ) + 8C2 (by ) 2 + 
=
1 + 8by + 28b 2 y 2 + 
(1 + ay ) (1 + by )8 =
(1 + ay ) (1 + 8by + 28by 2 + ...)
=1 + 8by + 28b 2 y 2 + ay + 8aby 2 + 
=1 + y (a + 8b) + y 2 (28b 2 + 8ab) + ...
Now coefficient of y = 0 and coefficient of y2 = −36
⇒ a + 8b = 0 ⇒a= − 8b
28b 2 + 8ab =
− 36
∴ 28b 2 + 8( −8b)b =− 36
28b 2 − 64b 2 =
− 36
−36b 2 = − 36
b2 = 1
b = ±1
Since b is positive, b = 1
a = −8.
Hence a = −8, b = 1
1
(b) un + 1 =un + 2n + , u1 = 2, n ∈ 
2
1 1 1
(i) u2 = u1 + 2 + = 2 + 2 + = 4
2 2 2
1 1 1
u3 = u2 + 2(2) + = 4 + 4 + = 9
2 2 2
1 1 1
u4 =u3 + 2(3) + =9 + 6 + =15
2 2 2

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 13 of 28

1 1
First four terms are 2, 4 , 9,15
2 2
2n − n + 3
2
(ii) RTP: un =
2
Proof:
2 −1+ 3 4
When n = 1, u= 1 = = 2
2 2
Since u1 is given as 2, when n = 1
2n 2 − n + 3
un =
2
2k 2 − k + 3
Assume true for n = k, i.e. uk =
2
RTP true for n = k + 1,
2(k + 1) 2 − (k + 1) + 3
i.e. uk + 1 =
2
Proof:
1
Since un + 1 = un + 2n +
2
1
uk + 1 = uk + 2k +
2
2k 2 − k + 3
Substituting uk = gives
2
2k 2 − k + 3 1
= uk + 1 + 2k +
2 2
2k − k + 3 + 4k + 1
2
=
2
2k − 3k + 4
2
=
2
2(k + 1) 2 − (k + 1) + 3
=
2
2n 2 − n + 3
Hence by PMI un =
2
(c) Let f(x) = ln(1 + sin x)
cos x
f ′( x) =
1 + sin x
(1 + sin x ) ( − sin x ) − cos x (cos x )
f ′′( x ) =
(1 + sin x ) 2
− sin x − (sin 2 x + cos 2 x )
=
(1 + sin x ) 2
− sin x − 1 −1
= =
(1 + sin x) 2 1 + sin x
cos x
f ′′′( x) =
(1 + sin x) 2
When x = 0, f(0) = ln1 = 0

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cos 0
f ′(0)
= = 1
1 + sin 0
f ′′(0) = − 1
cos 0
f ′′′(0) =
= 1
(1 + sin 0) 2
x2 x3
f ( x ) =f (0) + xf ′(0) + f ′′(0) + f ′′′(0) + 
2! 3!
x2 x3
ln(1 + sin x ) = 0 + x (1) + ( −1) + (1) + …
2! 3!
1 2 1 3
⇒ ln(1 + sin x) =− x x + x + ...
2 6
1+ x 1
−1
2 (a) (i) = (1 + x) 2 (1 − x) 2
1− x
  1  1    1  3 
    −     1  −   −  
1  2  2 2 2 2
=1 + x + x +  1 +  −  (− x) + ( − x )2 + 
 2 2!    2 2! 
   

 1 1  1 3 
=1 + x − x 2 +  1 + x + x 2 + 
 2 8   2 8 
1 3 1 1 1
≈ 1 + x + x2 + x + x2 − x2
2 8 2 4 8
1
=1 + x + x 2
2
The expansion is valid for −1 < x < 1
1
1+ 2
=
1 10 ≈ 1 + 1 + 1  1 
(ii) Let x ,  
10 1−
1 10 2  10 
10
11
1 1
⇒ 10 ≈ 1 + +
9 10 200
10
11 200 + 20 + 1
≈
9 200
221 663
11 ≈ ×3= .
200 200
(b) f (=r ) r (r + 1)
f (r + 1) = (r + 1) (r + 1 + 1) = (r + 1) (r + 2)
f (r + 1) − f (r ) = (r + 1) (r + 2) − r (r + 1)
= (r + 1)[r + 2 − r ]
= 2(r + 1)
n n

=r 1=r 1
∑ 2(r=
+ 1) ∑ ( f (r + 1) − f (r ))

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= f (2) − f (1)
+ f (3) − f (2)
+ f (4) − f (3)
+

+ f (n) − f (n − 1)
+ f (n + 1) − f (n)
= f (n + 1) − f (1)
Since f (r + 1) = (r + 1) (r + 2) ⇒ f (n + 1) = (n + 1) (n + 2)
f (r ) = r (r + 1) ⇒ f (1) = (1)(1 + 1) = 2
n
∴ ∑ 2(r + 1) = (n + 2) (n + 1) − 2
r =1

= n 2 + 3n + 2 − 2
= n 2 + 3n
n
 
(c) RTP ∑  4r 1− 1  = 2nn+ 1
r =1
2

Proof:
1 1
=
When n = 1, LHS =
4(1) − 1 3
2

1 1
=
RHS =
2(1) + 1 3
∴LHS = RHS when n = 1
n
 1 
∑  4r
n
 = 2n + 1
r =1
2
− 1
k
 1 
∑ k
Assume true for n = k, i.e  2  =
r =1
4r − 1  2k + 1
k +1
 
∑  4r 1− 1  = 2(kk+ 1)1 + 1
+
RTP true for n = k + 1, i.e. 2
r =1
k +1 k

∑
= ∑
1 1 1
+
=
2
r 1= r 1
(4r − 1) (4r − 1) 4(k + 1) 2 2
−1
k 1
= + 2
2k + 1 4k + 8k + 3
k 1
= +
2k + 1 (2k + 1) (2k + 3)
1  1 
=  k+
2k + 1  2k + 3 

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1  2k 2 + 3k + 1 
=  
2k + 1  2k + 3 

1  (2k + 1) (k + 1) 
=  
2k + 1  2k + 3 
k +1 k +1
= =
2k + 3 2(k + 1) + 1
Hence by PMI
n
 
∑  4r 1− 1  = 2nn+ 1
r =1
2

3 f ( x) = 4 x 4 − 16 x + 1
′( x) 16 x3 − 16
(a) f =
f ′( x ) > 0 ⇒ 16 x 3 − 16 > 0
x3 > 1
x >1
Since f ′( x ) > 0 when x > 1
f(x) is strictly increasing for x > 1
(b) f ( x ) = 4 x 2 − 16 x + 1
f(0) = 1
f (1) =4 − 16 + 1 =− 11
f (2) = 64 − 32 + 1= 33
Since f(0) f1 < 0, by the IMVT
There exists x = α such that f(α) = 0 ⇒ there is a root in the interval [0, 1]
Since f1 f2 < 0, by the IMVT
There exists x = β such that f(β) = 0 ⇒ there is a root in the interval [1, 2]
(c) Since the function is strictly increasing for x > 1 and there is a root in the interval [1, 2]
⇒ there is exactly one root in that interval
Hence there is no other root in the interval [1, 2]
(d) f ( x ) = 4 x 4 − 16 x + 1
f=′( x) 16 x3 − 16
f ( xn )
xn += 1 xn −
f ′ ( xn )
4 xn4 − 16 xn + 1
xn +=
1 xn −
16 xn3 − 16
16 xn4 − 16 x n − 4 xn4 + 16 xn −1 12 xn4 − 1 12 xn4 − 1
= = , ∴=xn + 1
16 xn3 − 16 16 xn3 − 16 16 xn3 − 16
(e) Using x1 = 1.5
12(1.5) 4 − 1
= x2 = 1.572368
16(1.5)3 − 16
x3 = 1.56605.
∴ Root is 1.57 to 2 dp

Module 2 Test 2

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2 2
1 (a) (i) ≡
r − 1 (r − 1) (r + 1)
2

2 A B
≡ +
(r − 1) (r + 1) r − 1 r + 1

2 ≡ A(r + 1) + B(r − 1)
When r = 1, 2 = 2 A ⇒ A = 1
When r = − 1, 2 = − 2B ⇒ B =−1
2 1 1
∴ 2 = −
r −1 r − 1 r +1
n n
 2   1 1 
=r
(ii) ∑ =

2=
∑  r − 1 − r + 1
 r 2 − 1 r 2

 1  1 1   1 1   1 1 
= 1 −  +  −  +  −  +  −  + ...
 3  2 4   3 5   4 6 
 1 1   1 1  1 1 
+ − + − + −
 n − 3 n − 1   n − 2 n   n − 1 n + 1 
     
1 1 1
=1 + − −
2 n n +1
3 1 1
= − −
2 n n +1
3
(iii) As n → ∞, sum →
2
(b) an = an − 1 + 7, a1 = 3
a2 = a1 + 7 = 3 + 7 = 10
a3 = a2 + 7 = 10 + 7 = 17
a4 = a3 + 7 = 17 + 7 = 24
Terms are 3, 10, 17, 24
an = 7n − 4
RTP an = 7n − 4 ∀ n ≥ 1
Proof:
When n = 1, a1 = 71 − 4 = 3
∴ true when n = 1, since a1 is given as 3
Assume true for n = k, i.e. ak = 7k − 4
RTP true for n = k + 1, i.e. ak + 1 = 7(k + 1) − 4
Proof:
Since= an an − 1 + 7
ak +=
1 ak + 7
= 7k − 4 + 7 (since ak = 7k − 4)
= 7k + 7 − 4
= 7(k + 1) − 4
Hence by PMI
a=n 7n − 4

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(c) RTP 2n + 1 < 2n , ∀n ≥ 3

Proof:
Since 7 < 8 ⇒ 23 + 1 < 23
When n = 3, 2n + 1 < 2n
Assume true=for n k , i.e. 2k + 1 < 2k
RTP true for n = k + 1, i.e. 2(k + 1) + 1 < 2k + 1
Proof:
2k + 1 < 2 k
(2k + 1) × 2 < 2k × 2
Now 4k + 2 = 2k + 2 + k + k
≥ 2k + 3
≥ 2(k + 1) + 1
⇒ 2(k + 1) + 1 < 2k + 1
Hence by PMI 2n + 1 < 2n , ∀ n ≥ 3
1
2 (a) 3 1 − 3x =(1 − 3x ) 3
 1  2  1  2  5
   −    −  − 
1  3  3  2  3  3   3
=1 + ( −3x ) + ( −3x ) + ( −3x )3 + 
3 2! 3!
5
=1 − x − x 2 − x 3 
3
1 1
The expansion is valid for − < x <
3 3
(b) 2x + x =
3 2
2
2 x3 + x 2 − 2 =0
Let f ( x ) = 2 x 3 + x 2 − 2
3
f (0.5) =2(0.5)3 + (0.5) 2 − 2 =−
2
= 2(1)3 + (1) 2 − =
f (1) 2 1
Since f(0) f1 < 0, by IMVT there exists x = α in the interval [0.5, 1] such that f(α) = 0
Hence there is a root in the interval [0.5, 1]
Linear interpolation:
a f (b ) + b f ( a )
x1 =
f (b ) + f ( a )
3
(0.5) (1) + (1)  
x=  2 = 2= 4= 0.8
1
3 5 5
+1
2 2
f (0.8) =2(0.8) + (0.8) − 2 =− 0.336
3 2

Root is between 0.8 and 1

(0.8) (1) + (1) (0.336)
=x2 = 0.85030
1 + 0.336
f (0.85030) =2(0.85030)3 + (0.85030) 2 − 2 =− 0.04739
Root lies between 0.85030 and 1

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(0.85030) (1) + (1) (0.04739)

=x3 = 0.85708
1 + 0.04739
f (0.85708) = − 0.006216
(0.85708) (1) + (1) (0.006216)
= x4 = 0.85796
1 + 0.006216
Root is 0.86 (2 dp)
dy
(c) = 4y2 + 7
dx
d2 y dy
2
= 8y
dx dx
d3 y d2 y  dy   dy 
= 8 y +8   
dx 3
dx 2  dx   dx 
dy
When x = 0, y = 2, = 4(2) 2 += 7 23
dx
d2 y
= =
(8) (2) (23) 368
dx 2
d3 y
=8(2) (368) + 8 (23) (23) =10 120
dx3
∴ Maclaurin’s expansion:
x2 x3
f ( x) = f (0) + x f ′(0) + f ′′(0) f ′′′(0) + 
2! 3!
x2 x3
⇒ y = 2 + ( x) (23) + (368) + (10 120) +…
2! 3!
5060 3
=+ 2 23x + 184 x 2 + x +…
3
x3 x5
3 (a) (i) sin x =x − + +
6 120
x2 x4
cos x =−1 + +
2 24
(ii)
−1
−1  x2 x4 
(cos x) = 1 − + 
 2 24 
2
 x 2 x 4  ( −1) ( −2)  x 2 x 4 
=+
1 ( −1)  − + + − 2 + 4  +
 2 24  2!  2 
1 1 4 1 4
= 1 + x2 − x + x +
2 24 4
1 2 5 4
= 1+ x + x +
2 24
sin x
=
(iii) tan x = (sin x ) (cos x ) −1
cos x
 1 1 5  1 5 4 
= x − x3 + x + ...  1 + x 2 + x + ... 
 6 120  2 24 

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1 3 5 5 1 3 1 5 1 5
=+
x x + x − x − x + x +
2 24 6 12 120
1 3 2 5
=+ x x + x +…
3 15
1 2
(iv) tan(0.001) ≈ 0.001 + (0.001)3 + (0.001)5
3 15
= 0.00100 (5 dp)
(b) f ( x) = cos x
f ′( x ) = − sin x
f ′′( x ) = − cos x
f ′′′( x) = sin x
π π π 1
=
When x , = =
f   cos  
3 3 3 2
 π  π 3
f ′  =
− sin   = −
 3  3 2
 π  π 1
f ′′   =− cos   =−
 3  3 2
 π  π 3
f= =
′′′   sin  
 3 3 2
Taylor’s expansion:
( x − a)2 ( x − a )3
f ( x )= f (a) + ( x − a) f ′(a) + f ′′(a) + + f ′′′(a) + 
2! 3!
π
= =
f ( x) cos x, a
3
2 3
 π  π
x−   x −   3 
1 3 π   3   1 3
cos x = −  x −  +  −  +  2  +
2 2 3 2! 2 3!  
2 3
1 3  π 1 
π 3 π
⇒ cos x = −  x −  − x −
 + x −  +
2 2 3 4 
4 12  3
π
∴ The Taylor’s expansion about x = is:
3
2 3
1 3 π 1  π 3  π
cos x = − x −  − x −  +  x −  +
2 2  3 4  3 12 3
π π
Now 61° = 60° + 1°= +
3 180
π π 
∴ cos
= 61° cos  +
 3 180 
2 3
1 3π π π 1  π π π 3 π π π
=−  + − −  + −  +  + −  +…
2 2 3 180 3  
4 3 180 3  12 3 180 3 
2 3
1 3  π  1 π  3 π 
= −  −   +   +…
2 2  180  4  180  12  180 
≈ 0.4848096
= 0.48481 (5 dp)

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Module 3 Test 1

1 (a) NUMBERS has 7 different letters

No. of 3-letter words = 7P3 = 210
(i) Since we need the S, we choose 2 others from the remaining 6 and then order all three
letters in 3! ways
∴ No. of 3-letter words containing the S = 6C2 × 3! = 90
(ii) No. of 3 letter words without the vowels = 5C3 × 3! = 60
d2 x dx
(b) 2
− 3 − 4x = 50 sin 2t
dt dt
y = CF + PI
d2 x dx
CF: 2 − 3 − 4 x = 0
dt dt
AQE: m2 − 3m − 4 = 0
(m − 4) (m + 1) = 0
m = 4 or m = −1
∴= x Ae 4t + Be −t
PI: Let x = a sin 2t + b cos 2t
dx
= 2a cos 2t − 2b sin 2t
dt
d2 x
= − 4a sin 2t − 4b cos 2t
dt 2
Substituting into the differential equation:
−4a sin 2t − 4b cos 2t − 3(2a cos 2t − 2b sin 2t ) − 4(a sin 2t + b cos 2t ) =
50 sin 2t
Equating coefficients of sin 2t
⇒ −4a + 6b − 4a = 50
−8a + 6b = 50 [1]
Equating coefficients of cos 2t: ⇒ −4b − 6a − 4b = 0 ⇒ 6a = − 8b
−4
a= b
3
Substituting in [1]
 4 
−8  − b  + 6b = 50
 3 
50
b = 50
3
b = 3, a = − 4
General solution is
x = Ae 4t + Be −t − 4 sin 2t + 3 cos 2t
When= x 0,= t 0
⇒ 0 =A + B + 3, A =− B − 3
Since x remains finite as t → ∞, A = 0
∴ B = −3
Required solution is x = − 3e−t −4 sin 2t + 3 cos 2t
5 4 5
(c) (ii) P(two red) = × =
8 7 14

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(ii) P(blue and red) = P(BR) + P(RB)

3 5 5 3
= × + ×
8 7 8 7
30
=
56
15
=
28
2 (a) We separate the two Es and the other letters:
EE SLCT ION
(i)
Number of selections with zero Es = 7
=
C5 21
Number of selections with one E = =
7
C4 35
Number of selections with two Es = C3 = 35
7

∴ Total number of selections = 21 + 35 + 35 = 91

(ii) We need the number of arrangements of the five letters:
Number of arrangements with zero Es = 21 × 5! = 2520
Number of arrangements with one E = 35 × 5! = 4200
5!
Number of arrangements with two Es = 35 × = 2100
2!
Total number of arrangements = 8820
1 2
(b) (i) Biased: P(H) = , P(T) =
3 3
1 1
Unbiased P(H) = , P(T) =
2 2
2 2 1 1 1 1
P(X) = P(TTT) + P(HHH) = × × + × ×
3 3 2 3 3 2
2 1 5
= + =
9 18 18
(ii) P(X ∪ Y) = P(X) + P(Y) − P(X ∩ Y)
5 1 4 10 5
= + − = =
18 2 18 18 9
5 4 1
(iii) P(X ∩ Y) = P(X) − P(X ∩ Y) = − =
18 18 18
dy
(c) cos x + y sin x = e x cos 2 x
dx
Dividing by cos x gives:
dy
+ y tan x = e x cos x
dx
IF e ∫ = e=
tan x dx
= ln sec x
sec x
General solution is

∫
y(sec x ) = e x cos x (sec x )dx

∫
y sec x = e dx
x

y (sec x=
) ex + c
When x = 0, y = 2

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2
⟹ = e0 + c
cos 0
2=1+c
c=1
∴ y sec x = ex+ 1
y = (ex + 1) cos x
3 (a) (i) 10 x + 100 y +=50 z 85000 ⇒ x + 10 y +=5 z 8500
15 x + 120 y + 70
= z 119000 ⇒ 3x + 24 y + 14
= z 23800
18 x + 105 y + 100
= z 136250 ⇒ 18 x + 105 y + 100
= z 136250
1 10 5   x   8500 
(ii)  3 24 14   y =  23800 
     
18 105 100  z  136250
1 10 5
24 14 3 14 3 24
(iii) 3 24 14 = − 10 +5
105 100 18 100 18 105
18 105 100
= 930 − 480 − 585
= −135
1 10 5 
3 24 14 
 
18 105 100
 930 −48 −117 
 
Matrix of cofactors =  −475 10 75 
 20 −6 
 1
 930 −475 20 
−1 1  
A = − −48 10 1
135 
 −117 75 −6 
 x  930 −475 20  8500 
(iv)  
y = −
1 
−48 10 1  23800 
  135    
 z  −117 75 −6 136250
 −675000  5000
1 
=
− −33750  =
 250 
135    
 −27000   200 
∴x = TT$ 5000
y = TT$ 250
z = TT$ 200
x+2 −4 2
(b) 1 x−3 2 =0
−1 4 x −1
x−3 2 1 2 1 x−3
⇒ ( x + 2) − (−4) + (2) =0
4 x −1 −1 x − 1 −1 4
⇒ ( x + 2)[( x − 3) ( x − 1) − 8] + 4[( x − 1) + 2] + 2[4 + x − 3] =0
⇒ ( x + 2) ( x 2 − 4 x − 5) + 4( x + 1) + 2( x + 1) =
0

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⇒ ( x + 2)( x 2 − 4 x − 5) + 6( x + 1) =0
( x + 2)( x + 1)(x − 5) + 6( x + 1) = 0
( x + 1) ( x 2 − 3x − 10 + 6) =
0
( x + 1) ( x + 1) ( x − 4) =0
x= − 1 or x = 4

Module 3 Test 2

1 (a) 11 33 2 4 8
Treating all the digits as if they are different:
For the number to be odd it must end with a 1 or 3.
Number of odd numbers assuming the digits were different = 6 5 4 3 214
Since we have two 1s and two 2s, the number of odd arrangements
6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 ×1× 4
= = 720
2! × 2!
(b) (i) No. of letters to be chosen = 4
EEE SLCTD
No. of choices with no Es = =
5
C4 5
No. of choices with one E= 5
=
C3 10
=
No. of choices with two Es 5
=
C2 10
No. of choices with three Es = 5C1 = 5
Total no. of choices = 30
4! 4!
(ii) No. of arrangements =5 × 4! + 10 × 4! + 10 × +5×
2! 3!
= 120 + 240 + 120 + 20
= 500
(c)

No. drawn = 3
4
C3 4 1
(i) P(all red= ) 10 = =
C3 120 30
(ii) P(at least one of each colour) = P(1R 2G) + P(2R 1G)
4
C1 × 6 C2 + 4 C2 × 6 C1 60 + 36 96 4
= 10
= = =
C3 120 120 5
(iii) P(2 R | at least one of each colour)
4
C2 × 6 C1 36
P(2 red ∩ at least one of each colour) 10
C3 36 3
= = = 120
= =
P(at least one of each colour) 96 96 96 8
120 120
1 1 1
b c a c a b
2 (a) a b c = 2 2
− 2 2
+ 2
2 2 2 b c a c a b2
a b c

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 25 of 28

= bc2 – b2c – ac2 + a2c + ab2 – a2b

= abc + bc2 – b2c – ac2 + a2c + ab2 – a2b – abc
= (a – b) (c – a) (b – c)
(b) 2x + y – z = 1
3x + 4y + 2z = 7
9x + 7y – z = 10
 2 1 −1  x  1 
    
(i) 3 4 2   y = 7 
    
 9 7 −1  z  10 
 2 1 −1 1 
 
(ii) 3 4 2 7 
 9 7 −110 
 
R2 → 2R2 – 3R1
R3 → 2R3 – 9R1
 2 1 −1 1 
 
 0 5 7 11
 0 5 7 11
 
R3 → R3 − R2
 2 1 −1 1 
 
 0 5 7 11
0 0 0 0 
 
Since the three equations reduce to:
2x + y – z = 1
5y + 7z = 11
We have an infinite set of solutions
(iii) 2x + y – z = 1
5y + 7z = 11
Let z = λ, 5y + 7λ = 11
11 − 7λ
y=
5
11 7
=y − λ
5 5
11 7
∴ 2x + − λ − λ = 1
5 5
−6 12
2=x + λ
5 5
−3 6
=x + λ
5 5
∴ The solution set is:
−3 6 
=x + λ
5 5 

11 7 
y =− λ  λ ∈ 
5 5 
z=λ 



Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 26 of 28

1 1 0   3 −2 1  6 0 0
    
=
(c) (i) AB  0 1 =1   3 2 −1 0 6 0
3 −1 2   −3 4 1  0 0 6
  
1 0 0
 
(ii) AB = 6  0 1 0
0 0 1 

= 6I
AA−1 = I
B = 6 A−1
 3 −2 1 
1 
= AB  3 2 −1
6 
 −3 4 1 
dy
3 (a) − 2y = e3 x
dx
P= − 2, Q = e3 x
IF = e ∫
− 2 dx
= e −2 x
General solution is
y (e −2 x ) = ∫ e3 x e −2 x dx
y (e −2 x ) = ∫ e x dx
y(e-2x) = ex + c
When x = 0, y = 1
⇒1=1+c
c=0
∴ y(e–2x) = ex
y = e3x
(b) x = eu
dy dy du
= ×
dx du dx
dx
Since x = eu, = eu
du
du 1 1
⇒ = =
dx eu x
dy 1 dy
∴ =
dx x d u
dy dy
x =
dx du
Differentiating again wrt x:
d 2 y dy d 2 y du
x 2 + = ×
dx dx du 2 dx
d 2 y dy 1 d 2 y
x + =
dx 2 dx x du 2
d2 y d2 y dy
∴ 2= x 2 2 + x
du dx dx

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 27 of 28

d2 y dy
Now x 2 2
−x − 15 y = 0
dx dx
d2 y dy dy
⇒ x2 2 + x − 2x − 15 y = 0
dx dx dx
d2 y dy d 2 y dy dy
Substituting x 2 2 + x = 2
and x = gives:
dx dx du dx du
d2 y dy
2
−2 − 15 y =0
du du
AQE: m 2 − 2m − 15 =
0
(m − 5) (m + 3) =0
m = 5 or m = − 3
∴=y Ae5u + Be −3u
Since eu = x
⇒= y A(eu )5 + B(eu ) −3
⇒ y= Ax5 + Bx −3
d 2 y dy
(c) − − 6 y = 6 x 2 + 8 x + 11
dx 2 dx
y = CF + PI
d 2 y dy
CF : 2 − − 6y = 0
dx dx
AQE: m 2 − m − 6 = 0
(m − 3) (m + 2) = 0
m= − 2 or m = 3
y Ae −2 x + Be3 x
∴=
PI: Let y = ax 2 + bx + c
dy
= 2ax + b
dx
d2 y
= 2a
dx 2
Substituting into the differential equation:
2a – (3ax + b) – 6 (ax2 + bx + c) = 6x2 + 8x + 11
Equating coefficients of x2: –6a = 6, a = –1
−6
Equating coefficients of x: –2a – 6b = 8 ⇒ b = = −1
6
Equating constants: 2a – b – 6c = 11 ⇒ – 2 + 1 – 6c = 11 ⇒ c = –2
This gives y = – x2 – x – 2
General solution is y = Ae–2x + Be3x – x2 – x – 2
When x = 0, y = 0
⇒0=A+B–2⇒A+B=2 [1]
dy
= − 2 Ae −2 x + 3Be3 x − 2 x − 1
dx
dy
=
When x 0,= 1
dx
⇒ 1 =− 2 A + 3B − 1

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 28 of 28

−2A + 3B = 2 [2]
[1] × 2 gives:
2A + 2B = 4 [3]
6
[2] + [3] gives 5B = 6, B =
5
6 4
A+ =2 ⇒ A =
5 5
Required solution is
4 −2 x 6 3 x
=
y e + e − x2 − x − 2
5 5

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013