Chapter One: China Civil Engineering Construction Coorperation (Ccecc) Was

Aniobia Leonard Chukwutem (U2010/5565003)
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) was founded in 1974
which was directly supervised by Industrial Training Fund (ITF) for the purpose of
training skilled manpower. This program was initiated to bridge the gap between
theoretical knowledge acquired in the academic environment and practical
knowledge about the student’s different areas of discipline so as to have a brief
experience of what they are taught in the academic environment and what to
expect when they leave the forewalls of the academic environment.
1.2 HISTORY OF THE FIRM
CHINA CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION COORPERATION (CCECC) was

established in 1979 according to the approval of the State Counsel of the People’s
Republic of China.
It performs international contracting and economic cooperation. CCECC has been

developed from the earlier Foreign Aid Department of the Ministry of Railways
(with the experience of executing the biggest foreign aid project of China, the
TAZARA) into a large scale state-owned enterprise for project contracting.
Its business scope expands from international contracting for railway construction
to civil engineering design and consultancy, real estate development, trading,
industrial investment and hotel management as well. The business activities of
CCECC have expanded to over 40 countries and regions where more than 20
overseas offices or subsidiaries have been established. With its excellent
performance and high quality in services, CCECC has been established among the
world’s top 255 international contractors for many years and ranked
consecutively among the first 70 in recent years by the Engineering News Record
“ENR”.
| CCECC NIG. LTD (CENTRAL LABO RATORY) AJEGUNLE YARD, MILE 12 – IKD ROAD, LAGOS STATE… CONSTRUCTION OF ITOWOLO BRIDGE
1.3 SUMMARY OF THE HISTORY
China Civil Engineering Construction Cooperation was founded on June 1, 1979

upon the approval by the State Council of China.
After approval by the State Economic and Trade Commission and the ministry of
Railways, China Civil Engineering Construction Cooperation was reformed into
group on December 26, 1996, with China Civil Engineering Construction
Cooperation as the core enterprise and simultaneously changed its name into
Group (hereinafter called CCECC).
CCECC completed the disconnection with the ministry of Railways on September

2000 and was attached to the industry Commission of Central Enterprise of the
China Communist Party Central Committee.
At the beginning of 2003, CCECC was along with other 195 central enterprises
under the direct leadership of the State-owned Assets Supervision and
Administration Commission of the State Council
CCECC underwent strategic reform with the China Railway Construction

Cooperation in the form of mergence on September 2003 based on the spirit of
document Cooperation “the written Replay on the reform of the China Railway
Construction and the Civil Engineering Construction (document No: SA Reform
{2003} No. 153)” issued by the State-owned Assets Supervision and
Administration Commission of the State Council.
CCECC at present is the member of China Chamber of International Commerce,

the Vice Chairman level unit of the China International Contractors Association
and the Director of the China International Engineering Consulting Association.
1.4 ORGANIZATION CHART OF CHINA CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION COOPERATION (CCECC)
China Civil Engineering Construction Cooperation
Board of Supervisors Board of Directors
President
Chief Economist Chief of Fin. Controller Chief Engineer Vice President
Rail
Foreign Laying
Overseas
Aid Dept.
Bus. Dept.
Department
Overseas Bus. (E&A)
Information Mgt.
Legal
Bidding/Cost
Dept (Asia) Dept.
Control Equipment/
Labour
Design/Consulting
Affairs Service
Administration
Dept. Dept.
Dept. Material
Dept.
Engineering/ Dept.
Safety
Audit
Foreign HumanDept.
Department
Affairs .
Financial
Resources
Dept President
Research
Enterprise
Department
Dept. Office
Development
Overseas Bus. Dept (Africa)
Domestic Subsidiaries Overseas Subsidiaries
Quantity Surveyor Commercial Manager Technicians

Pe
rs
Store manager Accountant on
Site Manager
ne
l
M
Head of Laboratory Foremen Engineers Safety Personnel
an
Laboratory Workers
Precast Iron Benders Carpenters
1.5 VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
I want to briefly talk about the various departments and their functions with
respect to the CCECC overseas subsidiaries.
QUANTITY SURVEYOR
This is the person that surveys the site. He carries out functions such as chaining,
pegging of points etc.
COMMERCIAL MANAGER
This is the person that carries out functions such as procurement, sales, supply,
marketing, adverts etc. This department is made up of the store manager and the
accountant.
STORE MANAGER
This is the person that is in charge of the company goods in the store, he is the
one that signs out any goods that goes out of the store. Without his consent, no
goods in the store will be carried out.
ACCOUNTANT
This is the person that carries out anything that has to do with payment of
workers.
TECHNICIANS
This is a section consisting of the personnel manager, engineers and safety
personnel.
SAFETY PERSONNEL
This is the person that is in charge of the safety of the workers in the company. He
is the person that gives safety equipments such as helmet, safety boot, to
workers. He does the health safety orientation of workers employed in the
company as well.
PERSONNEL MANAGER
This is the person in charge of the issues of workers in the company. He is the
workers representative in the company. He is the middle man between the site
manager, head of departments and the other workers in the company.
ENGINEERS
These are the professionals in the company that carryout designs in the company
such as structural, concrete, electrical and other forms of designs.
SITE MANAGER
This is the person that coordinates all the activities in a particular site. He makes
sure that all activities within the site functions well by delegating duties to the
head of laboratory and foremen.
HEAD OF LABORATORY
This is the person that coordinates all the activities that has to do with soil testing
and laboratory activities. He signs all the request for laboratory workers to go to
the field to carry out tests such as In situ Density Test, Electronic Vibratory Device
Test (EVD), Soil Penetration Pest (penetrometre) etc
LABORATORATORY WORKERS
These are the persons that carry out the test. They are the persons that confirm if
the test has passed or failed. They are very important and should be treated well
because if not well treated, they can purposely fail the test
FOREMEN
These are the persons that head those in direct labour such as PRECAST and IRON
BENDERS, CARPENTERS
PRECAST
These are the persons that cast concrete in the yard such as U-channel slabs,
approach slabs, bridge, deck etc.
WELDERS/IRON BENDERS
These are the persons that construct the irons used as pillars in casting of
concrete. Immediately they are done with their own work, it is taken to the
precast section for casting.
CAPENTERS
These are the persons in charge of anything that has to do with wooden fittings
and repairs.
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 TERMS USED IN PILING FOUNDATION
BLOWING
This is the pounding of the concrete that has just been mixed using a tapping rod
during carrying out of either the slump test or casting of cubes.
TAPPING ROD
This is a long round steel used in the blowing of concrete. It has a rounded mouth.
It has a diameter of 0.5cm and a length of 170cm.
BOARD
This is a flat wooden board which is cubical in shape. It has a thickness of 1MM
HEAD PAN
This is a bowlish steel that has two handles by the sides. It is used in carrying of
concrete when carrying out slump test and casting of cubes.
CASING
This is a cylindrical steel that has a diameter of 4M which is used in directing or
channeling of the drilling bucket when drilling. It is also used in the prevention of
the top soil from collapsing into the hole. It has a length of 5M.
DRUM
This is steel which has a cuboidal shape. It is used in mixing of bentonite. It has a
length of about 5Feets and a width of 3Feets.
PIPE
This is a hollow steel with a length of 2M and a diameter of 60MM. it has screw
heads at both hollow end. It is used in channeling of the concrete into the drilled
hole during pouring.
MOULD
This is a steel which has a cubical shape. It is used in casting of concrete after the
concrete has passed the slump test. It has a closed bottom and open top. It has
screws which are used to loosen it when the concrete is dried and before the
concrete is poured into the cube for casting.
CONCRETE
This is a mixture of water, cement, granite and chemical which when exposed to
air, dries up immediately. Each of these has a particular mixed ratio. These mixed
ratios are the determinant factor upon passing or failing of the concrete when the
tests are carried out in the field.
BENTONITE
This is a brownish powder which is mixed with water. It is used in the prevention
of collapsing of the hole during drilling.
2.2 PILING FOUNDATION
Piling foundation is a deep foundation. In other words the foundation is at a

depth that is not shallow. It consists of a number of a piles connected by ring of
concrete called GROUND BEAM. This is similar to strip foundation but not as wide
the strip foundation. Piles are the long slender members either cast in situ driven.
They may be subjected to vertical or lateral loads or a combination of both.
PILING is simply a technique used by geotechnical engineers to set a deep
foundation. It is a column of concrete that extends downward deep into the soil.
When laying a foundation, the first thing to have in mind is the nature of the soil
upon which the foundation is to be the laid and the type of environment. This is
because every soil has its bearing capacity and its properties. For example clay soil
on absorption of water expands and when it dries, it contracts (swells when it
absorbs water but cracks when the water dries). This property of clay hence does
not enable one to lay a foundation on it so as to avoid collapsing of the
foundation during the changes of the soil because of its instability. Sand is the
most stable type of soil and in most cases it will take about eight metres (8M) or
more to get to the depth at which the soil can be found. Digging in such places
will take time and consume more funds; therefore a pile foundation is used.
Therefore piling foundation Is used in an environment where stable soil is far
from the surface of the earth. A good example is a swampy environment where
what we as soil are mostly clay and silt for about eight (8M) or more metres
before we can reach the sand. Piling foundation is also used in an area with a very
large design loads. An analogous to piling foundation is a POLE.
There are basically two methods of doing this which are as follows but only the
insitu piling/pier foundation will be discussed below.
2.3 CLASSIFICATION OF PILE
Piles based on the method installation are classified as follows
 DRIVEN PILES (PRECAST PILES)

Through driving precast poles into the soil using specialized percussion
drivers/hammers. It may be timber, steel or concrete. When they are made of
concrete, they are to be precast. They may be driven vertically or at an angle to
the vertical. When the pile is driven into the granular soil, the soil displaced by the
pile is equal to the volume of the pile. This pile also compacts the soil around the
sides of the pile which leads to the densification of the mass of the soil. This is
because the displaced soil around the side of the pile enters the pore spaces
within the soil surrounding the pile.
 DRIVEN AND CAST IN SITU PILES

This is carried through driving steel into the ground with aid of a mandrel inserted
into the shell. The mandrel is withdrawn and concrete is poured into the shell
 CAST IN SITU PILES/PIERS

This is carried through drilling of a hole into the soil to a required depth which is
then filled with concrete.
Before these three methods are carried out, a geotechnical engineer must have
gone to carry out a geotechnical survey in addition to a geophysist who also carry
out the geophysical survey so as to the know the depth that a stable soil can be
obtained or reached in the site where the construction is to be done. For the
purpose of this report, cast-insitu-piles/piers will be discussed below because that
is where I witnessed during the SIWES program
2.4.1 INSITU PILING FOUNDATION

This is a piling foundation in which percussion drilling occurs. This involves drilling
using a drilling machine. This type of piling is used in an area where the
probability of getting a stable soil is very far from the surface eg 15M and above
and most especially in construction of bridges.
As the name implies, this is a piling foundation that is carried out strictly in the
field. All the instrument/equipments are coupled in the field, casting is done in
the field, tests such as slum test and cube casting is also done in the field. The
construction of this pile depends on the geology of the area/ site. It permits
construction through hard/dense strata. Boring is done on dry ground or wet
ground condition until a stable stratum is reached. This type of piling is used for
depth that is greater than 15M while precast piling is used for depth that is less
than 15M.
2.4.2 GENERAL METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION

The method of pier/pile foundation is as follows
 The dry
 The casing
 The slurry
THE DRY METHOD

This method is applicable only to soils that are above water table and that will not
slump when the hole is drilled to its full depth. The soil that meets this
requirement is a homogenous soil.
CASING METHOD
This is applicable to sites where the soil can easily cave or rock deformation
occurs. This happens when boring is made on dry soils or rocks that are stable
when they are cut but slumps with time. In this case immediately the hole is
bored, a steel pipe casing is quickly set to prevent slumping. Casing is also
required if the drilling is done on clean sand below water table underlain by an
impermeable stones. The casing is removed after filling the hole with concrete but
in most cases, it is left. Until a casing is inserted in this method, slurry is used to
maintain the stability of the hole. By the time the casing is seated, the slurry is
bailed out using a pumping machine and the shaft extended to the required
depth.
SLURRY METHOD
This involves the use of prepared slurry to main the stability of the hole during
drilling. This occurs throughout the entire duration of the drilling. The soil
condition for this method could be of any condition which was described in
CASING METHOD. This method is a viable option in any site where there is
caving/slumping of soil. This method could be the only feasible option for
permeable, water bearing soil if it is impossible to set a casing into a stratum of
soil with low permeability. Bentonite is most commonly used with water to
produce the slurry.
The instruments used in this type of piling is as follows
 Drilling machine
 Shovel
 Measuring tape
 Rain booth
 Hollow cylindrical pipe
 Iron rods
 Casing
 Cover
 Concrete Pouring Funnel
 Concrete
 Tapping rod
 Slum funnel
 Board
 Hand trowel
 Head pan
 Paint Brush
 Bottle of engine oil
 Mould
 Cone
 Polythene bag
 Marker/ biro
 Paper tape
 Sledge hammer
 Measuring chain
2.4.3 PROCESSES/STEPS INVOLVED IN INSITU PILING FOUNDATION
SLURRY METHOD
The moment the surveyor has pegged the points to be drilled, the surface of the
spot is cleared using a shovel so as to smoothen the point by the drilling
assistants. In doing this, the assistants must be very careful so that the control
point will not be affected may be by pulling it down or bending the iron used in
the pegging. From this point, four other points are pegged. The surveyor’s
pegging is known as the control point while the other four points is known as the
relative points which is pegged by the persons assisting in the drilling. The points
are measured using the measuring tape so that all the points will be of equal
distance from the control point.
C
↑
A← O →B
↓
D
AO=BO=CO=DO
The spot is then drilled or bored for about 1M. This is known as the initial drilling
or boring. This is the bucket height or depth. After this stage, the drilling machine
has to be balanced on the ground by plumbing the sides to make sure that it is
completely horizontal without dipping in any form at all.
A circular bowl is created using any soil available to join the four points together.
The essence of this is to prevent the bentonite from spilling away when it is
pumped into the spot during drilling. The moment these measures are put in
place, the drilling starts with immediate effect.
The moment the bored hole is up to 4M, the CASING is then dropped into the
bored hole or surface. This is because the casing is 5M in length. By the time it is
dropped into the bored hole, part of the casing will be inside the hole while part
of it will be outside the hole. From the explanation above, 4M will be inside the
hole while 1M will be outside making a total of 5M. While dropping the casing,
the assistants make sure that the casing is placed in equal distance or is at the
centre of the four relative points. This is done by measuring the four relative
points from the casing while it is still in the air as the crane is holding it using its
chain.
During the drilling, samples are brought to the surface for analysis. For a sample
to be collected for analysis, the drilling must have drilled two times. This is
because the bucket of the drilling machine is 1M in length and there is the
probability that the bucket will not be filled with soil when it is brought to the
surface. As a matter of fact, in almost all the drilling that I witnessed, the bucket
was never brought to the surface with filled soil. Therefore it is assumed that each
bucket brought to the surface is half of the bucket which means two buckets
brought to the surface is equivalent to one full bucket of soil which is 1M
In the case where the casing has just been dropped into the hole, no sample is
collected for analysis until the third drilling. This is because while dropping the
casing, the wall of the hole must have collapsed into the hole bored, therefore a
sample is collected after the third drilling that is brought to the surface using the
bucket in an assumption that both the first and second drilling is the soil that
collapsed into the hole.
During the drilling, a PVC pipe is connected from the drum containing the
bentonite to a pumping machine and from the machine to the drilling surface. A
bentonite is a yellowish to brownish powder mixed with water in a drum. This
bentonite upon mixture with water becomes a slurry. This slurry prevents the wall
of the bored hole from collapsing back into the hole. This is because during
drilling, the soil swells and collapse into the bored hole most especially clay soil.
As stated earlier, when soil is brought to the surface, a sample is collected using a
shovel and put into a polythene bag and taking to a geologist in the site for
logging and analyzation. The essence of this is to determine the shape of the soil
using geologic principles.
The drilling continues until a stable soil is reached eg SAND. This is because sand
is the most stable type of soil. This is confirmed when the sand is brought to the
surface by the drilling machine and the drilling stops.
A measuring chain is then brought to the place of drilling and is used to measure
the depth where the sand was obtained. After taking the measurement, 1M is
deducted from the depth measured eg
334M-1M=33M
This is because 1M out of the 5M of the casing measured is inclusive. Therefore

the total depth of the piling is 33M. In order words, from PILE1 in the diagram,
the dept from the top of the casing to where the sand was reached was 34M
when it was measured using the measuring chain and after the deduction, we had
33M.
The iron rod that has been welded in cylindrical form is hung to the crane and
dropped gently into the drilled hole by a crane. The cylindrical iron is not as long
as the depth of the foundation therefore; it is always joined with another one. In
other to get this done, as the crane is dropping the iron, a thick iron rod is passed
through the middle of the iron rod such that the weight of the cylindrical iron rod
is on top of it while the crane carries another cylindrical iron and gently drops it
on top of the other one while it is still suspended in the air and welded together.
The thick iron rod is removed and finally dropped into the hole. By the time the
length of the iron rod is as long as the depth of the drilled hole, two small iron
rods are welded to the top of the cylindrical iron rod and bent so that it can clip
the top of the casing. The casing is covered with its cubical cover that has an
opening at its centre which can be opened and closed. Every work that has to do
with the iron rod is strictly the work of the welders. While this is going on, the
assistants are as well busy applying grease to the screwable top and bottom of
the pipe so that by the time the iron rods have been dropped, the crane can lift
the pipe into the centre of the cylindrical rods. The pipe is what enables the
concrete to get to the bottom of the drilled hole and also to avoid pore spaces
when concrete is poured. The pipes are joined together by screwing it to each
other. Each pipe is 2M long hence from the PILE1 which is 33M, a total of 15
pipes were screwed together. While dropping the pipe into the hole, the opening
in the centre of the cover is opened and after dropping it, it is also closed. The
closing is used to clip the pipe. The funnel at this time is also screwed to the
topmost pipe. When concrete is poured into the funnel, the crane lifts the funnel
and hits it on the cover so that the concrete can slide down through the pipe into
the drilled hole.
Before casting of the pile, the concrete undergoes a slump test which I will discuss
in the next subchapter.
The moment it has been certified that the concrete has passed the slumped test,
the concrete mixer moves closer to the place where the piling is going on such
that its trolley can pour the concrete directly into the funnel. When the funnel is
filled, the crane lifts it up and drops it down such that it will hit the cover of the
casing. This is to enable the concrete to slide down the hole. This process
continues until the concrete stops to slide down. At this point, the funnel is lifted
up by the crane while the cover of the casing is opened at the centre. This is to
enable the pipe to come up so that it can be loosed. By the time the pipe is lifted
up, the casing cover is closed again and funnel is loosed from the topmost pipe.
The pipe is loosed as well. The funnel is now screwed back to another pipe and
the casing cover opened so that the pipe can be pulled back to the hole and
closed again. This is how it is done continuously until all other pipes are brought
out of the drilled hole. It is important to know that the depth of the drilled hole
determines the number of pipes to be screwed together. For example, the depth
of PILE1 is 33M therefore a total of fifteen (15) pipes will be screwed together.
The moment the hole is filled with concrete, the casing cover is removed and the
welders cut off the iron rod used to clip the casing. It is also important to know
that while the casing is being removed, part of the concrete will collapse into the
portion of the hole that was initially occupied by the casing, hence more concrete
will now be poured again but this time only one pipe will be left which is screwed
with the funnel. By the time it is filled with concrete, the pipe is loosed
completely and the funnel as well. This is basically how piling foundation is done
on land.
2.4.4 ADVANTAGES OF INSITU PILING

 It is suitable where the length can be adjusted according to the pile
conditions.
 It is ideal in places where vibrations are required to be avoided.
 It is used in places where the soil has poor drainage qualities.
 Changes can be made in the design criteria as the job continues or
progresses.
 It is applicable to a wide variety of soil conditions.
 Construction equipment is normally mobile therefore construction can
progress rapidly.
2.5 SLUMP TEST

This is a test used to determine the quantity of water in the concrete depending
on the mixed ratio giving to the persons in charge of the mixer. The persons in
charge need to be very careful in the mixing because it determines if the concrete
will pass or fail the slump test.
The basic instruments used in carrying out this test is as follows
1. Cone
2. Slump funnel
3. Board
4. Head Pan
5. Tapping Rod
6. Measuring Tape
7. Hand Trowel
8. Paint Brush
9. Engine Oil.
In carrying out this test, the board is laid on the ground while the slum cone and
its cover are rubbed with engine oil using a paint brush. The essence of this is to
enable the slump cone to be pulled out easily after blowing without having
negative effect on the concrete or causing any damage to the concrete.
By the time it has been oiled, the cover is placed on top of the slump cone. The
slump cone is held with two hands by the two sides to the board. The concrete is
poured into the funnel using a hand trowel. A slump consists of three layers with
each layer blown twenty five times. BLOWING is simply the gentle pounding of
the concrete using a tapping rod. A slump is made up of a total of seventy five
blows. Each of the layers consists of three to four hand trowels of concrete. By
the time the first three to four hand trowels of concrete has been poured, it is
blown twenty five times and the second and the third layers are carried out the
same way. By the time the slump cone is filled with concrete, the funnel is
removed while the top of the slump cone is leveled using a HAND TROWEL. The
slump cone is gently pulled up. While pulling the slump cone up gently, someone
else is also gently tapping the sides of the slump cone with the hand trowel. This
is to enable the slump cone to be pulled out easily without damaging the concrete
that has just been casted.
After pulling out the slump cone, it is brought close to the concrete and it is
dropped on top of the same board where the concrete has been casted upon. The
tapping rod is placed on top of the slump cone by someone holding it such that
part of it is across the top of the concrete but not touching the concrete. It is
always held in a parallel horizontal pattern. A measuring tape is now used to
measure the depth in which the concrete has just slumped or collapsed. There are
ranges with which a concrete is said to have either passed or failed the slump
test. When the depth of slump is between 50MM-120MM, it is said to have
passed the test but anything outside that range is failure. For example when it is
less than 50MM, the concrete is said to be too strong, therefore water is added
for remixing but if it is greater than 120MM, the concrete mixer driver returns the
concrete to the yard where the mixing took place.
Water not enough < 50MM-120MM > Excess water
Fail Pass Fail
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED
During the period of the SIWES program, the followings were the
problems/challenges that I had or encountered
 Place of attachment.
 Unavailability of document needed to back up my SIWES report. This is
because I wanted to write my report on one of the major tests carried out
during the period but I could not because of this same reason.
3.2 RELEVANCE OF THE SIWES PROGRAM

This program is relevant in so many ways of which I will mention just few
 Exposure of students to facilities which in most cases cannot be found in

any of our learning environment such as the laboratory or the workshop.
 It gives students the opportunity to practice the things they have been
taught in the lecture rooms, laboratory and workshops.
 It give students the privilege meeting students from other institution which
are undergoing the same SIWES program where they share knowledge,
ideas and information with report to the different learning environment.
 It gives student the opportunity to easily gain employment because in most
cases some students have been called to come back and work with the
company after their graduation knowing well the behaviour of the student.
 It gives students the opportunity to decide on their area of specialization
without contemplating because during this SIWES program, they get to
meet specialists in their chosen career who after working with the students,
he/she can counsel the student academically in that same area of
specialization.
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 CONCLUSION
The main aim of this report is to introduce how I personally got involved in the
SIWES program.
At the end of this program, I got to understand that those things we are taught in
the academic environment are very important because any one who is very good
academically can never struggle with practicing of the things in the field.
Therefore it is very paramount that a student has an indepth knowledge of what
is taught and not just to pass an examination in the school. This is because
through the indeth knowledge of geologic structures which I was taught in school
in structural geology, I was able to deduce the structure of the soil where the
PILES are placed on and to come up the surface of the SANDY soil.
4.2 RECOMMENDATION
Concluding from the SIWES program which I partook, I want to humbly
recommend that:
 SIWES program placement should be provided by the federal government

through partnering with the respective companies.
 A letter requesting for companies to make documents available to students
undergoing the SIWES attachment in their establishment be giving to the
students upon request so that one will not have varieties of area to write
field report. This is because I wanted to write my SIWES report on INSITU
DENSITY TEST but I could not because of insufficiency of back up
documents.
4.3 ADVICE TO STUDENTS

Students should make sure they attend the SIWES orientation program.
 Students should make sure that they have an indepth knowledge of what
they are taught in the academic environment because that is what they will
meet when go out to the place of SIWES program.
 Students should learn the habit of good ethics because it will give them the
opportunity to come back to the company upon graduation.
 Students should make sure that they obey the rules and regulations of the
company because this can open the door of the company to future
participants but failure to do so can also close the door of the company to
future participants as well.
 Students should read the manuals of the company equipments before they
handle/operate them to avoid damaging of the company equipments.
4.4 ADVICE TO SIWES MANAGERS

The SIWES MANAGER should put measures in place to checkmate supervisors
that does not visit students assigned to them rather they sit in their offices and
wait for students to come and meet them after the SIWES program has ended.
This is because this has contributed to the forging of documents such as
acceptance letter, cutting of stamps and even to the extent of giving somebody
that is very close to them their log book to sign and comment on their weekly
report and other necessary information.
REFERENCES
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Foundation’’ (Jap. Soc. Soil Mech. Found. Eng.) Jan. 1967
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Aniobia Leonard Chukwutem (U2010/5565003)

1.2 HISTORY OF THE FIRM

CHINA CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION COORPERATION (CCECC) was

It performs international contracting and economic cooperation. CCECC has been

1.3 SUMMARY OF THE HISTORY

China Civil Engineering Construction Cooperation was founded on June 1, 1979

CCECC completed the disconnection with the ministry of Railways on September

CCECC underwent strategic reform with the China Railway Construction

CCECC at present is the member of China Chamber of International Commerce,

1.4 ORGANIZATION CHART OF CHINA CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION COOPERATION (CCECC)

China Civil Engineering Construction Cooperation

Board of Supervisors Board of Directors

Chief Economist Chief of Fin. Controller Chief Engineer Vice President

Domestic Subsidiaries Overseas Subsidiaries

Quantity Surveyor Commercial Manager Technicians

1.5 VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

2.1 TERMS USED IN PILING FOUNDATION

2.2 PILING FOUNDATION

Piling foundation is a deep foundation. In other words the foundation is at a

2.3 CLASSIFICATION OF PILE

Piles based on the method installation are classified as follows

 DRIVEN PILES (PRECAST PILES)

 DRIVEN AND CAST IN SITU PILES

 CAST IN SITU PILES/PIERS

2.4.1 INSITU PILING FOUNDATION

2.4.2 GENERAL METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION

THE DRY METHOD

The instruments used in this type of piling is as follows

2.4.3 PROCESSES/STEPS INVOLVED IN INSITU PILING FOUNDATION

This is because 1M out of the 5M of the casing measured is inclusive. Therefore

2.4.4 ADVANTAGES OF INSITU PILING

2.5 SLUMP TEST

The basic instruments used in carrying out this test is as follows

Water not enough < 50MM-120MM > Excess water

Fail Pass Fail

3.1 PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED

3.2 RELEVANCE OF THE SIWES PROGRAM

 Exposure of students to facilities which in most cases cannot be found in

 SIWES program placement should be provided by the federal government

4.3 ADVICE TO STUDENTS

4.4 ADVICE TO SIWES MANAGERS

D’Applonia, E.,Ellison, R.D., and D’Appolonia, D.J. (1975). ‘’Drilled Piers,’’

Das, B.M., Advanced Soil Mechanics, McGraw-Hill BookCo., 1983.

Iloeje,N.P. (1981) A New Geography of Nigeria, Longman, Nigeria.

Koerner, R.M., Construction and Geotechnical Methods in Foundation

Kolbuszewski, J.J., An Experimental Study of the Maximum Porosity of Sands, Pro.

Scott, R.F., Principles of Soil Mechanics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc.,

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