Outline

Feature deep dive: LTE69 transmit diversity for two antennas

Basic concepts: fading and diversity

Basic notation

Spatial diversity concept

Formulation: transmit/receive diversity, array gain

Performance: uncorrelated fading

The Alamouti code and SFBC

Basics of link adaptation

Performance: simulations and field measurements

For internal use

RL30 PAS service for Softbank Mobile / LTE69 feature deep dive / V_1.2
Configuration aspects and related PM counters.
9 © Nokia Siemens Networks 2012 NWS LTE Radio Access Network Engineering / Eduardo Zacarías B./ April 2012
Diversity concept

• Spatial diversity refers to propagation conditions where the radio waves experience additive
superposition for at least one antenna pair, even if there is destructive superposition at the
others.
• For example:
• Diversity can be intuitively understood as the possibility of “rescuing” some of the data signal
even when one or more versions of it have been destroyed.
• In contrast, spatial correlation can be understood as reduced independence of the channel
coefficients: in an extreme correlation case, the relationship between channel coefficients
exhibits a very clear tendency. For example, all coefficients may have a large likelihood of
being small all at the same time. This can greatly affect the average performance of the
wireless link.
• Spatially uncorrelated fading satisfies (for k<>m and l<>n)

For internal use

RL30 PAS service for Softbank Mobile / LTE69 feature deep dive / V_1.2
10 © Nokia Siemens Networks 2012 NWS LTE Radio Access Network Engineering / Eduardo Zacarías B./ April 2012