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Demografska kretanja u selima srednjodalmatinskog zaleđa u 16. i
početkom 17. stoljeća

«Demographic movements in the villages of the hinterland of Middle Dalmatia in the
16th the beginning of the 17th century»

by Kornelija Jurin Starčević

Source:
Contributions to Oriental Philology / Revue de Philologie Orientale (Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju),
issue: 54 / 2004, pages: 139­168, on www.ceeol.com.
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144 .RUQHOLMD-XULQ6WDUþHYLü

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11 TT 82.
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RGUDVOLKPXãNDUDFDDHYLGHQWLUDQRVYHJDILVNDOQLKMHGLQLFD 8SRSLVX
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13 1HPRåHPRSULKYDWLWLPLãOMHQMH)HKLPD6SDKHGDMHVDPRPDQMLLVWRþQLMLGLRWHQDKLMH
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PDWHULMHSUHPDNRMLPDMH'UQLãVRNROQLPWHULWRULMHPGRãDRSRGRVPDQVNXYODVWYHü
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PDORJEURMDSRSLVDQLKVHODQDPHüHVHSUHWSRVWDYNDGDWDGDMRãQLMHELORXYMHWD]DNRPSOHWQR
SRSLVLYDQMHSRGUXþMD ]ERJRWSRUDUD]OLþLWLKPDQMLKQDRUXåDQLKVNXSLQDLUD]ERMQLþNLKGUX-
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ELMHNRQWUROHQDGQRYRVWHþHQLPWHULWRULMLPDQHVLJXUQRVWL]DSRSLVQXNRPLVLMXLVOLþQR 2G
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WXUVNLPSRSLVLPD”ActaVWU
146 .RUQHOLMD-XULQ6WDUþHYLü

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WYUÿDYDNRMLVXELOLYODVQLFLþLIWOXNDVXNODGQRYRMQLPGXåQRVWLPDQHELVPMHOL
åLYMHWL QD WLP LPDQMLPD$OL SULOLþQR MH L]YMHVQR GD VX QLåHUDQJLUDQL YRMQLFL
]DMHGQRVDVYRMLPRELWHOMLPDåLYMHOLQDQMLPDLREUDÿLYDOLLKEDUHPQDRQLPD
NRMHVXGUåDOLSRG]DNXSRPXQHSRVUHGQRMEOL]LQLWYUÿDYDXNRMLPDVXELOLVWDFL-
RQLUDQLNDRãWRVXWRELOLþLIWOXFLSRVDGQLND9UDQH1DGLQD2EURYFDLOL.QLQD
=DWRQLMHSRJUHãQRSUHWSRVWDYLWLGDMHYHüLQDþLIWOXNDLSDNELODQDVWDQMHQD
=EURMLPROLSRGDWNHREDãWLQDPDLþLIWOXFLPDGRELWüHPREURMNXRGRNR
ãHVWWLVXüDVHRVNLKILVNDOQLKMHGLQLFDQDãLUHPVUHGQMRGDOPDWLQVNRPSRGUXþMX
16 TT 13.
148 .RUQHOLMD-XULQ6WDUþHYLü

2YH EURMNH QD åDORVW QLVX SRWSXQH MHU X SRSLVX QHGRVWDMX SRGDFL R EURMX
EDãWLQD]DSURVWUDQXQDKLMX.RWDU]DQHNROLNRVHODQDKLMH9UDQDLQDKLMH1DGLQ
=DVYDVHODQDKLMH.RWDU  XREDGHIWHUDNRMDVDPLPDODQDUDVSRODJDQMX L]
LJRGLQH VWRMLRSDVNDGDSULSDGDMXQHNRPYRMQRPURGXL]EURMQLK
NRWDUVNLK XWYUGD17 6 RE]LURP QD WR GD VH UDGL R VHOLPD V UHODWLYQR YLVRNLP
SULKRGLPDEH]VSHFLILNDFLMHGDüDWRELPRJORLQGLFLUDWLQD]RþQRVWQDSXãWHQLK
NUãüDQVNLKVHOLãWD SRJODYLWRXYULMHPH&LSDUVNRJUDWD NRMDVXSUHX]HOLYRMQLFL
ãWRVXVHSRWRPGRLVWDQDVHOLOLXWDVHOD2VLPQMLKNDRREUDÿLYDþHMRãPRåHPR
]DPLVOLWLGDOPDWLQVNHVHOMDNHVPOHWDþNRJSRGUXþMDDOLWRGHIWHULQLVX]DELOMHåL-
OLMHUVHOMDFLQLVXELOLVWDOQLVWDQRYQLFL3ULKYDWLPROLWXWH]XSXþDQVWYRQDKLMH
.RWDUPRåHPRL]MHGQDþLWLVEURMHPYRMQLKSRVDGQLNDLQMLKRYLKRELWHOML
6DGMHþDVGDUD]PRWULPREURMQRVWNXüD SUHPDQDKLMDPD1DMYHüLEURM
NXüDDWLPHJRWRYRVLJXUQRLQDMYHüLEURMVWDQRYQLND]DELOMHåHQMHXQDKLMDPD
6LQML&HWLQD  3HWURYDJRUD  L3HWURYRSROMH  *RWRYRSRGMHGQDN
EURMNXüDLPDOHVXQDKLMH.RVRYR=PLQMHSROMH6NUDGLQ=YRQLJUDG.RåXORYD
L9UOLND RGGR DVYHRVWDOHPDQMH *UDKRYR6WUPLFD'LFPR
LWG 181DELRNRYVNRQHUHWYDQVNRPSRGUXþMXQDMYLãHMHNXüD]DELOMHåHQR
XQDKLML3ULPRUMH  SRWRPX*RUVNRMåXSL  XQDKLML)UDJXVWLQ  
LNRQDþQRXQDKLMLXWYUGHýDþYLQD  19
3RNXãDPR OL JUXSLUDWL VHRVND QDVHOMD SUHPD YHOLþLQL RGQRVQR EURMX
ILVNDOQLKMHGLQLFDSRWUHEQRMHRGUHGLWLNULWHULMYHOLþLQHQDMSULNODGQLMHMHVHOD
GRNXüDVPDWUDWLPDOLPVHOLPDRGGRVHOLPDVUHGQMHYHOLþLQHWHRQDV
YLãHRGNXüDYHOLNLPVHOLPD6XNODGQRWRPNULWHULMXþDNVHRVNLKQDVH-
OMDQDSRGUXþMX]DSDGQRRG&HWLQHPRåHPRVPDWUDWLPDOLPD  VHOLPD
VUHGQMHYHOLþLQH  WHYUORPDOLSRVWRWDNVYHJDVHODYHOLNLPQDVHOMLPD
  3UHPD WRPH MH YLãH RG SRORYLFH VHRVNRJ VWDQRYQLãWYD VUHGQMRGDOPDWLQ-
VNRJ ]DOHÿD SRþHWNRP  VWROMHüD åLYMHOR X PDOLP UDVSUãHQLP ]DVHRFLPD V
PDQMHRGGHVHWDNNXüDQVWYD1LNDNYDQLMHULMHWNRVWGDVXSRSLVLYDþL]DELOMHåLOL
VYHJDGYLMHWULNXüHXVHOX7DNYDVHGLVSHU]QDQDVHOMHQRVWQDMYLãHVUHüHXQD-
KLMDPD3HWURYDJRUD þDN]DVHRND 2EURYDF  1DGLQ  L.DULQ  
1HãWR YLãH RG WUHüLQH VWDQRYQLãWYD åLYMHOR MH X VHOLPD VUHGQMH YHOLþLQH NRMD
NDUDNWHUL]LUDNRPSDNWQLMDQDVHOMHQRVW1MLKMHRSHWQDMYLãHELORXQDKLML3HWURYD
JRUD  WHXQDKLMDPD6LQML&HWLQD  L6NUDGLQ  9HOLNDVHODVYLãHRG
WULGHVHWDNNXüDELODVXULMHWNRVWWDNYLKMH]DELOMHåHQRVYHJD1DMYLãHLKMH
]DELOMHåHQRXQDKLMDPD6LQML&HWLQD  3HWURYRSROMH  L=PLQMHSROMH  
XRVWDOLPQDKLMDPDWHNMHGQRGRGYDVHODDXQHNROLNRQLWLMHGQRYHüHQDVHOMH

17 3ULPMHULFH VHOR *DORYFL VX der tessaruf IDULVD =HPXQLND NDR L VHOD -RãDQ9HOLND L 0DOD
5DþLFDLQHNROLFLQDGUXJLK6HOD6XKRYDUH*ODGXãD3ROLãDQL9LVRþDQXSRVMHGXVXPXVWDKIL-
]DD]DSDIDULVDLPDUWRORVDXWYUGH3ROLþQLND6HOD6LNRYRL3RGYUãMHXSRVMHGXVXPDUWRORVD
XWYUGH9UþHYRLWG,VWLSULQFLSYULMHGL]DVYDVHODWHQDKLMH7777
18 TT 13.
19 TT 82.
'HPRJUDIVNDNUHWDQMDXVHOLPDVUHGQMRGDOPDWLQVNRJ]DOHÿD 149

1DYHGLPR QHND RG YHüLK VHOD %LRþLü 0LRþLü *UDGDF %DGDQM 6XKRYDUH
6LYHULü QDKLMD3HWURYRSROMH +PXü7RPLQD%LGQLü2JRUMH QDKLMD=PLQMH
SROMH 6LUþDQL QDKLMD6NUDGLQ 'XJRSROMH .OLV %LVNXSLMD2UOLü .RVRYR 
*ROXELü 6WUPLFD  ýDKRYLü .RåXORYD  %LWHOLü7RSUDþLü *DOD L *OMHY .R-
ãXWH9HGULQH9HVHOL9LORþLü5XGD9XþMD'UDJD 6LQML&HWLQD 3DãNR3ROMH
3UKRYD 9UOLND  'DNOH RNRVQLFX QDVHOMHQRVWL L QDMYHüH JXVWRüH VWDQRYQLãWYD
QDSRGUXþMX]DSDGQRRG&HWLQHþLQLODVXSROMVNDSURãLUHQMDXXGROLQDPD.UNH
ýLNROHL&HWLQHLQMLKRYLKSULWRND.RVRYR.QLQVNR3HWURYR6LQMVNRL3DãNR
SROMH WH MXJR]DSDGQD %XNRYLFD V GLMHORP 5DYQLK NRWDUD JGMH VX ELOH QDKLMH
6NUDGLQ 2VWURYLFD L .RåXO 8VSRUHGLPR OL GRELYHQH UH]XOWDWH V SRGDFLPD L]
QHGDWLUDQRJ RSLVD NRMHJ MH REMDYLR )UDQMR 5DþNL MRã GDYQH  JRGLQH L
SUHPDNRMHPXMHQDMYLãHVWDQRYQLNDX.OLãNRPVDQGåDNXELORNRQFHQWULUDQRX
VHOLPDYUOLþNHRNROLFH.RVRYXL3HWURYXSROMXDX.UþNRPVDQGåDNXXRNROLFL
6NUDGLQD .QLQD =HþHYD =HPXQLND L 1DGLQD XRþLW üHPR GD VH PDQMHYLãH
SRNODSDMXVUH]XOWDWLPDQDãLKLVWUDåLYDQMD]DJRGLQX20
8 þHWLUL QDKLMH ELRNRYVNRQHUHWYDQVNRJ SRGUXþMD WUHQG QDVHOMHQRVWL MH
VDVYLP VOLþDQ V MHGQRP PDORP UD]OLNRP 2YGMH MH VWDQRYQLãWYR ELOR SRQHãWR
YLãHXVPMHUHQRNåLYRWXXVHOLPDVUHGQMHYHOLþLQHGRWULGHVHWDNNXüD3UHPDSR-
SLVXL]JRGLQHQDMYLãHMHUHJLVWULUDQRXSUDYRWDNYLKVHOD  SRWRPPDOLK
 WHGHVHWDNYHOLNLK2GYHOLNLKVHODSHWLKMHUHJLVWULUDQRXQDKLML3ULPRUMH
3RGJRUD%UHOD%DVW7XþHSLL5RJR]QLFD DþHWLULX]DNORQMHQRML]DELRNRYVNRM
QDKLML*RUVNDåXSD *RUQML=DJYR]G'RQMLL*RUQML9UKGROL.R]LFD 21
9HOLþLQD L JUXSLUDQRVW QDVHOMD RYLVLOL VX R QHNROLNR þLPEHQLND RG
NRMLK EL NDR YDåQLMH YDOMDOR LVWDNQXWL SULURGQX RVQRYX UHOMHIQH KLGURORãNH
SHGRORãNH«RGUHGQLFH YUVWHJRVSRGDUVNLKGMHODWQRVWLWUDGLFLMVNHYULMHGQRVWL
EOL]LQXJUDQLþQHOLQLMHVLJXUQRVWSRGUXþMDLWG2SüHQLWRELVHPRJORUHüLGDMH
WHQGHQFLMDRNXSOMDQMDVWDQRYQLãWYDXYHüDLNRPSDNWQDQDVHOMDNDUDNWHULVWLþQD
]D SXþDQVWYR VPMHãWHQR QD UXERYLPD SROMD JGMH VX SRJRGQLMH SULURGQH SUH-
GLVSR]LFLMH]DUDWDUVWYR QDKLMH6NUDGLQ6LQML&HWLQD3HWURYRSROMH GRNRQR
SUHWHåQR XSXüHQR QD VWRþDUVWYR NDUDNWHUL]LUDMX GLVSHU]QD QDVHOMD V PDQMLP
EURMHPNXüD1DLPHEXGXüLMH]DWDNDYQDþLQJRVSRGDUHQMD HNVWHQ]LYQRVWR-
þDUVWYRX]NRMHVHXPDQMRMPMHULSUDNWLFLUDORLSROMRGMHOVWYR WUHEDORPQRJR
SDãQMDþNLK L ãXPVNLK SRYUãLQD ]D EUVW  RGJRYDUDOD VX LP UDãWUNDQD QDVHOMD
7DNRMHQDVWDRVSHFLILþDQWLSGLVSHU]QLKJRVSRGDUVWDYDVRNXSOMHQLPSRVMHGRP
RGQRVQRULMHWNL]DVHRFLSDWURQLPLþNLKQD]LYD3RVHELFHGREDUSULPMHUMHQDKLMD
3HWURYD JRUD NRMD MH JRWRYR LVNOMXþLYR QDVHOMHQD ILOXULMVNLP VWDQRYQLãWYRP
NRMHSUHELYDXEURMQLPPDOLP]DVHRFLPD RGVHODþDNQMLKLPDPDQMH
RG GHVHWDN NXüD  NDR L QDKLMH .DULQ L 2EURYDF 1DUDYQR GD MH GROD]LOR L GR
VWDQRYLWLKRGVWXSDQMDRGRYHXRELþDMHQHNODVLILNDFLMHWDNRMHXQDKLML*UDKRYR

20 )UDQMR 5DþNL ´3ULOR]L ]D JHRJUDIVNRVWDWLVWLþNL RSLV ERVDQVNRJD SDãDOLND” Starine ;,9
=DJUHEVWU
21 TT 82.
150 .RUQHOLMD-XULQ6WDUþHYLü

WDNRÿHU RNUHQXWRM VWRþDUVNRM SURL]YRGQML ]DELOMHåHQR  VHRVNLK QDVHOMD RG


NRMLK VX VYD XOD]LOD X UDQJ VUHGQMH YHOLþLQH7R MH QDUDYQR SRYH]DQR V SOD-
QLQVNRPUHOMHIQRPRVQRYRPQDKLMHSDVXVHVWDOQDQDVHOMDJUXSLUDODXQLåLP
SRJRGQLMLP SUHGMHOLPD 1DKLMH X NRMLPD SRþHWNRP  VWROMHüD MRã SRVWRML
YODãNDRUJDQL]DFLMDXXåHPVPLVOXWMSRGMHODVHODSUHPDGåHPDWLPDNQH]RYD
RELOMHåHQHVXWDNRÿHUGLVSHU]QRPQDVHOMHQRãüX7RQDURþLWRGROD]LGRL]UDåDMD
XQDKLMDPD.DULQL2EURYDFXNRMLPDVHODL]DVHODND .DULQ2EURYDF
 SULSDGDNQHåLQDPD7DNRÿHUYULMHGLSUDYLORGDVXYHüDQDVHOMDVEURMQLMLP
VWDQRYQLãWYRPVPMHãWHQDQDVLJXUQLMLPL]DNORQMHQLMLPSRGUXþMLPDRGQRVQR
GXEOMHXXQXWUDãQMRVWL QDKLMH6LQML&HWLQD9UOLND*RUVNDåXSD 'D]DNOMXþL-
PRUXUDOQH]DMHGQLFHVUHGQMRGDOPDWLQVNRJ]DOHÿDXYULMHPHRVPDQVNHYODVWL
ELOHVXRUJDQL]LUDQHXUHODWLYQRPDOHQD]DWYRUHQDVHODWHNSRYUãQRGRWDNQXWD
SURFHVLPDLVODPL]DFLMH
6D VLJXUQRãüX VH PRåH WYUGLWL GD MH ]D þLWDYR YULMHPH RVPDQVNH YODVWL
QDSRGUXþMLPDQDãHJDLQWHUHVDLVODPL]DFLMDELODVSRUDLXJODYQRPRJUDQLþHQD
QDXUEDQHVUHGLQH2LVODPL]DFLMLVWDURVMHGLODþNRJVHRVNRJVWDQRYQLãWYDVUHGQMR
GDOPDWLQVNRJ]DOHÿDNRMHMHGRþHNDORRVPDQVNXYODVWQHPDHJ]DNWQLKSRGDWDND
6XGHüLSUHPDSUYLPRVPDQVNLPSRSLVLPDJRWRYRMH]DQHPDULYEURMLVODPL]LUD-
QLKSRMHGLQDFDNRMLVXPRJOLSRWMHFDWLRGORNDOQRJVHOMDãWYD*RGLQHXWUL
QDKLMHVSOLWVNRJ]DOHÿD]DELOMHåHQDVXVYHJDãHVQDHVWRULFDPXVOLPDQVNLKNXüH-
GRPDüLQDQDNUãüDQVNLK LOLRGXNXSQRUHJLVWULUDQLK 3RSLVRPLVWLK
QDKLMDL]JRGLQH]DELOMHåHQRMHPXVOLPDQVNLKSRVMHGQLNDRGXNXSQR
QMLK LOL ãWRQDPGRSXãWDGD]DNOMXþLPRGDMHSURFHVLVODPL]DFLMH
VHODVUHGQMRGDOPDWLQVNRJ]DOHÿDXSUYLKWULGHVHWDNJRGLQDRVPDQVNHYODGDYL-
QHSUHPGDSURWNDQWHQGHQFLMRPEODJRJSRUDVWDELRYUORVSRU7DMHþLQMHQLFD
MRãHYLGHQWQLMDL]SULPMHUDNRMLQDPSUXåDSRSLVL]JRGLQH]DNRPSOHWQR
SRGUXþMH8VYMHWOXWLKSRGDWDNDYLGOMLYRMHGDMHSRþHWNRPVWROMHüDSURFHV
LVODPL]DFLMHXRQLPQDKLMDPDNRMHVXELOHJRWRYRMHGQROLþQRQDVHOMHQHYODãNLP
 ILOXULMVNLP SXþDQVWYRP SRSXW QDKLMD 'LFPR *UDKRYR .RåXORYD 3HWURYD
JRUD6WUPLFD=PLQMHSROMHL=YRQLJUDG]DKYDWLRVDPRPDOLGLRYODãNHSRSX-
ODFLMHWHGDXGLRPXVOLPDQVNRJVWDQRYQLãWYDXWLPQDKLMDPDJRWRYRQLNDGDQH
SUHOD]LXNXSQRUHJLVWULUDQRJVWDQRYQLãWYD,GHQWLþQXVLWXDFLMXXQDKLMDPD
XWYUGH ýDþYLQD *RUVND åXSD )UDJXVWLQ L 3ULPRUMH SRND]XMH L GHWDOMQL SRSLV
YODãNRJVWDQRYQLãWYD+HUFHJRYDþNRJVDQGåDNDL]JRGLQH
8VSUNRVWLPþLQMHQLFDPDLSDNMHXQHNLPUXUDOQLPVUHGLQDPDSRþHWNRP
VWROMHüD]DELOMHåHQYHüLXGLRPXVOLPDQVNRJVWDQRYQLãWYD5DGLVHRVHOLPD
FHWLQVNRJNUDMD 2EURYDF9UDWQLFD0DOMNRYR&LPOMDQH9HOLNLL0DOL.RVWXU
6WUDåLQH0ODGNRYLQH0LãXQLFD.ULQ9XþMD'UDJD9UWLFH*RULFD VNUDGLQ-
VNRJ NUDMD 6RQNRYLü *RUQML L 'RQML 'RODF 'XEUDYLFH 9DVLORYDF 9DüDQL
%XNRYDF 9HOLND *ODYD  .QLQVNRJ L .RVRYD SROMD .RQM 3RGNRQM 8]GROMH
9UEQLN %LVNXSLMD 5DPOMDQH .RVRYR /LãNRYLü 9LVRþDQ  WH 3HWURYD SROMD
5DPþLü0LRþLü7HSOMXK%XþLü ýDNMHXQHNROLNRYHüLQVNLKNUãüDQVNLKVHOD
'HPRJUDIVNDNUHWDQMDXVHOLPDVUHGQMRGDOPDWLQVNRJ]DOHÿD 151

]DELOMHåHQRSRVWRMDQMHNRPSDNWQHVNXSLQHPXVOLPDQVNRJUXUDOQRJVWDQRYQLã-
WYDRUJDQL]LUDQRJXPDKDOH XVHOLPD/XþDQ%HUHü'RQMD9DVL/LãDQL =RQH
LQWHQ]LYQLMH]DKYDüHQHLVODPL]DFLMRPELOHVXLVHRVNDSRGUXþMDXEOL]LQLXWYUGD
SRVHELFHRNR1DGLQD.OLVD9HOLQD9UDQH=HPXQLNDL.QLQD228RYLPVHVOX-
þDMHYLPDJRWRYRVLJXUQRUDGLORRGRVHOMDYDQMXYRMQLND±VHOMDNDLQMLKRYLKREL-
WHOMLQDSORGQDSRGUXþMDJGMHVXGROD]LOLXSRVMHGþLIWOXNDLQDSXãWHQLKVHOLãWD
,]YDQQDYHGHQLKVHODL]RQDSULVXWQRVWPXVOLPDQVNRJHOHPHQWDVYRGLODVHQD
MHGQXGRGYLMHEDãWLQHXUXNDPDSRNRMHJPXVOLPDQVNRJSRVMHGQLNDWDSLMH=D
UD]OLNXRGUXUDOQLKSRGUXþMDXNRMLPDMHNUãüDQVNRVWDQRYQLãWYRþLQLORYHüLQX
XUEDQDVXSRGUXþMDELODQDVHOMHQDYHüLQVNLPPXVOLPDQVNLPSXþDQVWYRP
.DNRGHPRJUDIVNDNUHWDQMDXQDVHOMLPDJUDGVNRJDWLSDQLVXSUHGPHWRP
RYRJUDGD]DVDGDMHGRYROMQRLVWDNQXWLGDVHQDSRGUXþMXVUHGQMRGDOPDWLQVNRJ
]DOHÿDUD]YLORYLãHJRVSRGDUVNRLSURPHWQRYDåQLMLKQDVHOMDJUDGVNRJ]QDþDMD
.OLV9UOLND6LQM+UYDFH'UQLã6NUDGLQ.QLQ GRNVHQDVMHYHUQRGDOPDWLQ-
VNRPSRGUXþMXSRþHWNRP VWROMHüDLVWLFDRVDPR =HPXQLN8 QMLPDVYLPD
]DMHGQRJRGLQHELORMHUHJLVWULUDQRVYHJDNXüDQVWYRRGþHJDMH
ELORPXVOLPDQVNLKDNUãüDQVNLK23
3LWDQMH SURFMHQH EURMD VWDQRYQLND QD SRGUXþMX VUHGQMRGDOPDWLQVNRJ
]DOHÿD SRþHWNRP  VWROMHüD NRPSDUDFLMRP RVPDQVNLK L ]DSDGQLK YUHOD
]DVLJXUQRMHMHGQRRGQDMWHåLKKLVWRULRJUDIVNLKSLWDQMDQDNRMHMHMRãSUHUDQR
GDWL GHILQLWLYDQ RGJRYRU X QDMEROMHP MH VOXþDMX PRJXüH WHN QD]QDþLWL QHNH
SULEOLåQHRGQRVH3ULWRPMHRGSUHVXGQHYDåQRVWLSRNXãDWLGHILQLUDWLYHOLþLQX
NXüH NDR ILVNDOQH MHGLQLFH WH YLGMHWL NROLNR RQD NRUHVSRQGLUD VD VWYDUQLP
EURMHPNXüD3RãWRGHWDOMQLGHIWHULQLVXXVPMHUHQLQDSRSLVLYDQMHVYHXNXSQRJ
VWDQRYQLãWYDQHJRQDHYLGHQWLUDQMHL]YRUDSULKRGDQLJGMHQLMHQDYHGHQWRþDQ
EURM VWDQRYQLND SR VHOLPD YHü VDPR NXüQH VWDUMHãLQH L SRVMHGQLFL þLIWOXND
.DNR GDNOH L]UDþXQDWL EURM VWDQRYQLND D GD UH]XOWDW NROLNRWROLNR RGJRYDUD
VWYDUQLPSULOLNDPDWHGDNWRPXPRåHPRPDNDULQDMJUXEOMHJHQHUDOL]LUDWL"
2YGMHüHPR]DVDGDSRNXãDWLWHNSUXåLWLRVQRYX]DSULEOLåQXSURVXGEXL
WRWDNRGDSUHWSRVWDYLPRGDMHMHGQDSRUH]QDMHGLQLFDSUHGVWDYOMDODMHGQXNXüXãWR
EL]QDþLORGDMHSRþHWNRPVWROMHüDQDSRGUXþMX]DSDGQRRG&HWLQHHYLGHQWLUDQR
RNRãHVWWLVXüDVHRVNLKNXüD ]EURMEDãWLQDLþLIWOXNDXNXSQRL]QRVL 7RPH
EURMXQDUDYQRWUHEDSULEURMLWLEURMNXüDQVWDYDHYLGHQWLUDQLKXYDURãLPDLNDVDEDPD
=EUDMDQMHPWLKSRGDWDNDGROD]LPRGREURMNHRGXNXSQRNXüH
8MHGQRPL]YMHãüXL]JRGLQHNRMHJMHJHQHUDOQLSURYLGXUPOHWDþ-
NLKSRVMHGDX'DOPDFLML)RVFDULQLSRGQLRYHQHFLMDQVNRP6HQDWXSURFMHQMXMH
VHQDWHPHOMXXKRGDUVNLKLãSLMXQVNLKSRGDWDNDEURMGLPRYD RJQMLãWD LVHODQD
QHSULMDWHOMVNRPRVPDQVNRPSRGUXþMX8GDOPDWLQVNRPGLMHOX.OLãNRJVDQGåDND
SUHPD WRP L]YMHãüX SRVWRMDOR MH  VHOD V XNXSQR  GLPRYD RG þHJD VX

22 TT 13.
23 TT 13.
152 .RUQHOLMD-XULQ6WDUþHYLü

ELOL´WXUVNL´DRVWDOLKNUãüDQVNL8&HWLQVNRPVXYRMYRGDOXNXVHOD
VGLPRYDX3RGJRUVNRPYRMYRGDOXNX SRGUXþMHRNR'UQLãD VHODV
GLPDWHX3ULNRNUþMX SRGUXþMH]DSDGQRRG.UNH VHODVGLPRYD24
6UDYQLPROLVDGDSRGDWNHNRMHQDPSUXåDMXRVPDQVNLL]YRULVREDYLMHVWL-
PD]DSDGQLKL]YRUDPRåHPR]DNOMXþLWLGDSRGDFLREURMXVWDQRYQLNDL])RVFD-
ULQLMHYDL]YMHãüDSULOLþQRGREURNRUHVSRQGLUDMXVSRSLVRPL]JRGLQHDOL
MHEURMVHODSUHQL]DN8]PHOLVHXRE]LUGDMHVDVWDQRYLãWDãSLMXQVNLKL]YMHãüD
SRVYHQH]DQLPOMLYRELOMHåLWLEURMQHPDOH]DVHRNHQHVNODGSRVWDMHUD]XPOMLYLML
QRLSDNRVWDMHGRMDPGDL]YRUL]DSDGQHSURYLQLMHQFLMHSUXåDMXWHNGMHORPLþQH
LQIRUPDFLMH
'D EL QDãH LVWUDåLYDQMH ELOR HJ]DNWQLMH ]EURMX ]DELOMHåHQLK VHRVNLK L
JUDGVNLKSRUH]QLKMHGLQLFDL]JRGLQH]DSRGUXþMH]DSDGQRRG&HWLQHWUHED
SULGRGDWLNXüHUHJLVWULUDQHJRGLQHQDPDNDUVNRPSRGUXþMX QMLK 
8NRQDþQLFLEURMRGRNRRVDPWLVXüDNXüDQDSRGUXþMXVUHGQMRGDOPDWLQVNRJ
]DOHÿDNUDMHPLSRþHWNRPVWROMHüDGMHOXMHNDRUHDOQDLSULKYDWOMLYDSUR-
FMHQD%XGXüDELGHPRJUDIVNDLVWUDåLYDQMDWDNRÿHUWUHEDODREXKYDWLWLYRMQLNH
XQXWDU XWYUGD NRMH RVPDQVNL SRUH]QL SRSLVL QH ELOMHåH DOL GR NRMLK PRåHPR
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