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Q.1
For the situation shown, calculate the water level d inside the inverted container, given the manometer
reading h = 0.7 m, and depth L = 12 m.
The weight density γ = ρg of water in the ocean may be calculated from the empirical relation γ = γo +
K(h1/2), in which h is the depth below the ocean surface, K a constant, and γo weight density at the
ocean surface. Derive an expression for the pressure at any depth h in terms of γo, h and K. Calculate
the weight density and pressure at a depth of 3.22 km, assuming γo = 10 kN/m3, h in meters, and K =
7.08 N/m7/2. Calculate the force on a surface area of 2 m2 (of a submarine, for example).
Question 3
The sketch shows a sectional view through a submarine. Atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa, and sea
water density is 1020 kg/m3. Determine the depth of submergence y.
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BPH – Tut # 2
Question 4
In the dry adiabatic model of the atmosphere, in addition to the ideal gas equation, air is also assumed
to obey the equation
p/ρn = constant
where n = 1.4. If the conditions at sea level are standard (101.3 kPa, 15°C), determine the pressure and
temperature at an altitude of 4000 m above sea level.
Solutions.
Q.1
For the situation shown, calculate the water level d inside the inverted container, given the manometer
reading h = 0.7 m, and depth L = 12 m.
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BPH – Tut # 2
Solution
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BPH – Tut # 2
The weight density γ = ρg of water in the ocean may be calculated from the empirical relation γ = γo +
K(h1/2), in which h is the depth below the ocean surface, K a constant, and γo weight density at the
ocean surface. Derive an expression for the pressure at any depth h in terms of γo, h and K. Calculate
the weight density and pressure at a depth of 3.22 km, assuming γo = 10 kN/m3, h in meters, and K =
7.08 N/m7/2. Calculate the force on a surface area of 2 m2 (of a submarine, for example).
Solution
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BPH – Tut # 2
Force = Pressure×Area = 33100×103×2 = 66200 kN (or the weight of about 6800 tonne)
Question 3
The sketch shows a sectional view through a submarine. Atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa, and sea
water density is 1020 kg/m3. Determine the depth of submergence y.
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BPH – Tut # 2
Solution
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BPH – Tut # 2
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BPH – Tut # 2
Question 4
In the dry adiabatic model of the atmosphere, in addition to the ideal gas equation, air is also assumed
to obey the equation
p/ρn = constant
where n = 1.4. If the conditions at sea level are standard (101.3 kPa, 15°C), determine the pressure and
temperature at an altitude of 4000 m above sea level.
Solution
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BPH – Tut # 2
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BPH – Tut # 2
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