1

ADDIS ABABA
UNIVERSITY
 2

Institute of Technology
School of Electrical and Computer
Engineering
Control Extension Msc. Program
Subject: Analytical &Computational method
in Eng.
Student name: Ayantu Getachew
Id: GSE/0264/12
Instructor: Dr.Murad.R
May 4/2020, Addis Ababa Ethiopia
 3

Exercise 1.3
1. Find all roots of
1
(a) ( 1+i ) 3

1 −1 π
Let r=√ 1+1=√ 2 tanϴ= =¿ ϴ=tan (1 ) =
1 4
1 1 1
n n n
z =r ⟦ cos ( 2 kπ +ϴ )+ i sin(2kπ + ϴ) ⟧
1 1
2 kπ +ϴ 2 kπ +ϴ
1
n
z =¿
n
r cos ( (
n
+i sin( )n
) ) n

1 1
2 kπ +ϴ 2 kπ +ϴ
1
(1+1) = r ( √2) cos
3
( 3
3
+i sin( ⟦ (3
) ) ⟧) 3

1
8 k +1 8 k +1
6
2 cos
⟦ ( ) 3
π +i sin(
3
)π
⟧
Put k= 0, 1, 2 we can get

π π
K=0
1
[
=2 6 cos +isin
3 3 ]
1
K=1 =2 6 [ cos ⁡(3 π )+isin( 3 π )]

(17) π
K=2
1
= 2 6 cos [ (17)π
3
+isin
3 ]
 4

1
(d) (−i ) 6

Solution

3π 3π
1 1
U 6 =(−i ) , Z =1 cos
6 6 2
((
+2 kπ
6
+ isin
2
6 ) (
+2 kπ
)
3 π + 4 kπ 3 π + 4 kπ
( (
¿ 1 cos ⁡
12 ) (
+isin
12 ))
For the value of k from 0 to 5 the roots of Z given as below:-

k =0 , Z 1=cos ( 312π )+isin( 312π )=cos ( π4 )+ isin( π4 )

3 π +4 π 3π+4 π 7π 7π
k =1 , Z 2= cos
( 12
( )+isin (
12 ) ) ( 12 12 ))
= cos ( ) +isin (

3 π +8 π 3 π+ 8 π 11π 11 π
( (
k =2 , Z 3= cos
12 ) (
+isin
12
= cos )) ( ( ) ( ))
12
+isin
12

3 π + 12 π 3 π +12 π 5π 5π
( (
k =3 , Z 4 = cos
12 ) (
+isin
12
= cos
4 )) ( ( ) ( ))
+isin
4

3 π +16 π 3 π + 16 π 19 π 19 π
k =4 , Z 5= cos
( ( 12 ) (
+isin
12
= cos )) ( ( ) ( ))
12
+isin
12

3 π +20 π 3 π +20 π 23 π 23 π
( (
k =5 , Z 6= cos
12 ) (
+isin
12
= cos )) ( ( ) ( ))
12
+isin
12

1
These are all distinct roots of (−i ) 6 .
 5

2. Solve the equations

(a) x 7 + x 4 + x 3+1=0
Given

x 7 + x 4 + x 3+1=0

x 4 ( x 3+ 1 )+ 1 ( x 3 +1 )=0

( x 3 +1 ) ( x 4 +1 )=0

x 4 +1=0 ¿> x 4 =−1

1 1
x=(−1) 4 =(−1+0∗i) 4

Let r=1 and ϴ=π

1
4
x=( cos π +i sin π )
1
4
x=( cos ( 2nπ + π )+i sin ( 2nπ + π ) )

By de-movre’s theorem

x=cos ( 2 n+4 1 ) π +i sin ( 2 n+1

4 )
π

Put n=0, 1, 2, 3 we get

π π
N=0 cos +isin
4 4
 6

3π 3π
N=1 cos +isin
4 4

5π 5π
N=2 cos +isin
4 4

7π 7π
N=3 cos +isin
4 4

Also

x 3+ 1=0 => x 3=−1

1 1
x=(−1) 3 => x=[ cos ( 2 nπ + n )+ isin ( 2 nπ +n ) ]
3

By de-movre’s theorem

x=cos ( 2 n+3 1 ) π +i sin ( 2 n+1

3 )
π

Put n=0, 1, 2

π π
N=0 cos +i sin
3 3

N=1 cos π +i sin π

5π 5π
N=2 cos +i sin
3 3

C). ( 1+ x )3=i ( 1−x )2

Solution

( 1+ x )3=i ( 1−x )3

( 1+ x )3
( 1+ x )3=i ( 1−x )3 ; 3
=i
(1−x )

1+ x 3 3
( )
1−x
=i We have

i 3=i 2∗i=−i then

1+ x
=−i; 1+ x=−i ( 1−x ) ; 1+ x=−i+ix ; x (1−i )=−( i+1)
1−x
 7

−(i+1) − ( i+1 ) (i+1)

x= = =
1−i −( i−1 ) (i−1)

− (i+1 )
∗( i+1 ) 2i
1−i i 2+i+i+1 −1+i+i+ 1 = =i
if werationalize x ; x= =2 = 2
(i+1 ) i +i−i−1 −1+i−i−1

1.4 Express each function in the form u(x, y) +iv(x, y)

1. z 3
Solution

z=x +iy
2 2 3
3 3
z =( x +iy ) = x 3+¿ 3i x y−3 x y −i y ¿

u ( x . y ) +iv ( x . y )=x 3−3 x y 2+i ¿)

Then from this we get

u=x3 −3 x y 2

v=(3 x 2 y− y 3)

1
2.
1−z

Solution
 8

z=x +iy

1 1
¿
1−z 1−( x+ iy )

1 1 (1−x +iy)
¿ =
1−x−iy 1−x−iy (1−x +iy)

1−x+iy
=
( 1−x )2+ y 2

1−x
¿
(1−x )2+ y 2

1−x y
u ( x . y ) +iv ( x . y )=¿ 2 2
+i
( 1−x ) + y ( 1−x )2 + y 2

Then from this we get

1−x y
u= 2 2
v=
( 1− x ) + y (1−x )2+ y 2

3. e 3 z
Solution

z=x +iy

e 3 z =e 3 (x+ iy )

¿ e 3 x .e 3 iy

u ( x . y ) +iv ( x . y )=e3 x ( cos 3 y +isin 3 y ) e 3 x cos 3 y +cos 3 y +i e3 x sin 3 y

Then from this we get

u=e3 x cos 3 y

v=e 3 x sin3 y

4. lnz
 9

Solution

z=r e−iθ

Then

ln z=ln r e iθ

=ln r + ln eiθ

u ( x . y ) +iv ( x . y )=ln r + ln eiθ

So

u=ln r∧v=ln e iθ

1.5 Show that the following functions are non-analytic.

(b) z−ź

By data given

w=z−ź

z=x +iy

z=x−iy

w=( x +iy )− ( x −iy )

( x +iy )− ( x−iy )=2 yi

¿ 0+2 yi

Then u ( x . y )=0

v ( x . y )=2 y
 10

∂y 2 ∂y
= ( 0 )=0 =0
∂x 2x ∂x

∂y 2 ∂y
= ( 0 ) =0 =2
∂x 2y ∂x

By using Cauchy- Riemann Equation

ux ≠ vy , vy ≠−vy

Therefore z−ź is not analytic

 11

(e) z| z|
Solution:-

Given f ( z )=u+ iv=z |z|

¿( x +iy) √ x 2 + y 2

u+iv=x √ x 2+ y 2+iy √ x 2 + y 2

Comparing real and imaginary parts

u=x √ x 2+ y 2

∂u 1
¿ =√ x 2+ y 2+ x . 2 2 ∗2 x
∂x √x +y
2 x2 + y2
¿
√ x2 + y2
∂u x∗1 xy
¿ = ∗2 y= 2 2
∂ y 2 √x + y
2 2
√x + y
Also v= y √ x 2 + y 2

∂v 1 2y
= y . 2 2∗2 x= 2 2
∂x √x + y √x +y
∂v 2 2 1 x 2 +2 y 2
=√x + y + y ∗2 y=
∂y 2 √ x2 + y2 √ x2 + y2
∂v
∧∂ v
∂u ∂ y ∂v
≠ ≠−
∂x ∂y ∂x

Cauchy Riemann Equation are not satisfied, hence

f ( z ) isnot analytic anywhere .

 12

3. Are the following functions analytic?

i
(c) f ( z )= z

Solution

z=x +iy

i
∗( x−iy )
x +iy ix+ y
¿ = 2 2
( x−iy ) x +y

y x
¿ 2 2
+i 2 2
x +y x +y

y
u=
x + y2
2

x
v=
x + y2
2

By using Cauchy Riemann equation

∂ u −2 xy ∂ v y 2−x 2
= & =
∂ x x 2+ y 2 ∂ x x2 + y2

∂u x 2− y 2 ∂ v −2 xy
=
=
∂ y x2+ y2 ∂ y x 2+ y 2

∂u ∂v ∂u −∂ v
Then = and =
∂x ∂ y ∂y ∂x

Then is analytic evry where

 13

ℜZ
(g). f ( z )= ℑ Z

ℜZ x
f ( z )=u+ iv ; = +i0
ℑZ y

x x
f ( z )=u+ iv= + i0 ; f ( z )=u= ∧v=0 ;
y y

∂u ∂ v
since f ' ( z)= +i ; f ( z ) is analytic if u∧v must satisfy
∂x ∂ y

∂v
∧∂ u
∂u ∂ y −∂ v
C−R equation = = ; now differentiate f (z)
∂x ∂y ∂x

1
∧∂ u
∂u ∂ x y ∂ x −x
=
∂x ∂ x y
= ()
∂y
=
∂y y
= 2;
y ()
∂v
∧∂ v
∂x
since v=0 ; does n' t exist
∂x

∂v
∧∂ u
∂u ∂ y −∂ v
C−R equqtion = = is not satisfied
∂x ∂y ∂x

ℜZ
f ( z )=u+ iv ; is not analaytic
IMG Z
 14

Exercise 1.6
(b) Determine an analytic function whose real part is e 2 x ( xcos 2 y − y sin2 y )
The A.F f ( z )=u+ ivgiven that real part,
u=e 2 x ( xcos 2 y− ysin2 y ) i … … … … … … … … .i
Differentiate w . r . t . x

ux=e 2 x ( cos 2 y ¿ +e 2 x 2 xcos 2 y− ysin 2 y )

ux=e 2 x ( cos 2 y ¿ +e 2 x 2 xcos 2 y− ysin 2 y ) … … … ii

Differentiate w . r . t . y
uy=e2 x [ −2 xsin 2 y−2 ycos 2 y−sin 2 y ]
uy=−e2 x [ 2 xsin 2 y+2 ycos 2 y +sin 2 y ] … … … … iii

Consider,

f ( x )=ux +ivx

By using Cauchy Riemann equation

ux=vy∧vx=−uy

f , ( z )=ux+ ivx

f , ( z )=ux−iuy

Putting:- x=z , y =0
 15

f , ( z )=[ ux ]( z , 0)−i [ uy ] (z ,0)

f , ( z )=e 2 z ( 1+2 z ) +i(0)

f 1 ( z )=( 1+2 z ) e 2 z Integrate w . r . t . z

f (z)=∫ (1+2 z ) e2 z dz+ c ¿ ¿

e2 z 2z e2 z
¿ +2 e − +c
2 2

f ( z )=z e 2 z +c

u+iv=( x+ iy )∗e2 (x+iy )

2z
¿ ( x+ iy ) e2 x∗e 2 iy ¿ e ( x +iy)(cos 2 y +isin 2 y)

This is real part

e 2 x [ xcos 2 y − ysin2 y ] + ie 2 x [ ycos 2 y + xsin 2 y ] this is an imaginary part.

(C) Find p such that the function f ( z )=r 2 cos ( 2 θ ) +ir sin ( pθ ) is analytic

f ( z )=u+ iv

u=r 2 cos ( 2θ ) , v =ir 2 sin ( pθ )

Letz=x +iy

z=r e iθ

f ( z )=u+ iv=f (r e iθ )

Then by taking Cauchy Riemann Equation

∂u 1 ∂ v
=
∂r r ∂θ

∂ v −1 ∂u ∂ u ∂ v
= ∨ =
∂r r ∂θ ∂ θ ∂ θ

∂u
=2r cos θ … … … … … … … … … eqn ¿)
∂r
 16

∂v
=2 r cos θ … … … … … … … … … eqn(2)
∂θ

putting eqn( 2)∈¿ eqn(1)

1
2 r cos θ= p r 2 cos pθ
r

2 cos θ=p cos pθ

p=2