Chapter 1: FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

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Question 1. Let f px, yq “ 1 ` 4 ´ y2.

(a) Evaluate f p3, 1q.

(b) Find and sketch the domail of f .

(c) Find the range of f .

Question 2. Find and sketch the domain of the function

? ? ?
(a) f px, yq “ x2 ´ y 2 (b) f px, yq “ y ` 25 ´ x2 ´ y 2

(c) f px, yq “ arcsinpx2 ` y 2 ´ 2q (d) f px, yq “ lnp16 ´ 4x2 ´ 4y 2 ´ z 2 q

Question 3. Find all the second partial derivatives.

(a) f px, yq “ x2 y 3 ` 2x4 y (b) f px, yq “ sin2 pmx ` nyq

? xy
(c) f px, yq “ x2 ` y 2 (d) f px, yq “
x´y
y ?
(e) f px, yq “ arctan (f) f px, y, zq “ xy 2 z 3 ` 1 ` xyz
x
1
Question 4. Verify that the function u “ ? 2 is a solution of the three-dimensional
x ` y2 ` z2
B2u B2u B2u
Laplace equation ` ` “ 0.
Bx2 By 2 Bz 2
Question 5. Show that the Cobb-Douglas production function P “ bLα K β satisfies the equa-
BP BP
tion L `K “ pα ` βqP .
BL BK
Question 6. Find an equation of the tangent plane to the given surface at the specific point.

(a) z “ 3y 2 ´ 2x2 ` x, p2, ´1, ´3q (b) z “ 3px ´ 1q2 ` 2py ` 3q2 ` 7 p2, ´2, 12q
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(c) z “ xy p1, 1, 1q (d) z “ x exy p2, 0, 2q

(e) z “ x sinpx ` yq p´1, 1, 0q (f) z “ lnpx ´ 2yq p3, 1, 0q

Question 7. Find the linear approximation of the function f px, yq “ 1 ´ xy cospπyq at p1, 1q
and use it to approximate f p1.02, 0.97q.

Question 8. If z “ 5x2 ` y 2 and px, yq changes from p1, 2q to p1.05, 2.1q, compare the values
of ∆z and dz.
Bz Bz
Question 9. Use the Chain Rule to find and
Bu Bv
(a) z “ x2 y 3 , x “ u cos v, y “ u sin v (b) z “ arcsinpx ´ yq, x “ u2 ` v 2 , y “ 1 ´ 2uv
x
(c) z “ sin x cos y, x “ uv 2 , y “ u2 v (d) z “ tan , x “ 2u ` 3v, y “ 3u ´ 2v
y

1
Question 10. If u “ upx, yq, where x “ r cos θ and y “ r sin θ, find the expression A “
Bu Bu
x `y as an expression of the variables r and θ.
Bx By
Question 11. Find the directional derivative of f at the given point in the direction indicated
by the angle θ
π π
(a) f px, yq “ x3 y 4 ` x4 y 3 , p1, 1q, θ“ (b) f px, yq “ ex cos y, p0, 0q, θ“
6 4
Question 12. Find the directional derivative of f at the given point in the direction of the
vector Ñ
Ý
v
x Ñ
Ý Ñ
Ý Ñ
Ý
(a) f px, yq “ , p1, 2q, v “3 i `5 j
x2 ` y2
Ñ
Ý Ñ
Ý Ñ
Ý
(b) f px, yq “ arctanpxyq, p1, 2q, v “ 5 i ` 10 j
? Ñ
Ý Ñ
Ý Ñ
Ý Ñ
Ý
(c) f px, y, zq “ xyz, p3, 2, 6q, v “ ´ i ´2 j `2k
Ñ
Ý Ñ
Ý Ñ
Ý Ñ
Ý
(d) f px, y, zq “ lnp3x ` 6y ` 9zq, p1, 1, 1q, v “ 4 i ` 12 j ` 6 k

Question 13. Find the maximum rate of change of f at the given point and the direction in
which it occurs
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(a) f px, yq “ 4y x, p4, 1q (b) f px, yq “ sinpxyq, p1, 0q
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(c) f px, y, zq “ x2 ` y 2 ` z 2 , p3, 6, ´2q (d) f px, y, zq “ arctanpxyzq, p1, 2, 1q
Question 14. Find the directions in which the directional derivative of f px, yq “ y e´xy at the
point p0, 2q has the value 1.

Question 15. Find all points at which the direction of fastest change of the function f px, yq “
ÑÝ ÑÝ
x2 ` y 2 ´ 2x ´ 4y is i ` j .

Question 16. Find the local maximum and minimum values and saddle point(s) of the function
(a) f px, yq “ xy ´ 2x ´ 2y ´ x2 ´ y 2
2 2
(b) f px, yq “ px ´ yqp1 ´ xyq
(c) f px, yq “ x e´2x ´2y
(d) f px, yq “ xyp1 ´ x ´ yq
1 1
(e) f px, yq “ xy ` ` (f) f px, yq “ y cos x
x y
2 ´x2 (h) f px, yq “ ex py 2 ´ x2 q
(g) f px, yq “ px2 ` y 2 q ey
Question 17. Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of f on the set D.

(a) f px, yq “ x2 ` y 2 ´ 2x, D is the closed triangular region with vertices p2, 0q, p0, 2q, and
p0, ´2q.

(b) f px, yq “ x ` y ´ xy, D is the closed triangular region with vertices p0, 0q, p0, 2q, and
p4, 0q.

(c) f px, yq “ x2 ` y 2 ` x2 y ` 4, D “ tpx, yq | |x| ď 1, |y| ď 1u

2
 (d) f px, yq “ 4x ` 6y ´ x2 ´ y 2 , D “ tpx, yq | 0 ď x ď 4, 0 ď y ď 5u

(e) f px, yq “ x4 ` y 4 ´ 4xy ` 2, D “ tpx, yq | 0 ď x ď 3, 0 ď y ď 2u

(f) f px, yq “ xy 2 , D “ tpx, yq | x ě 0, y ě 0, x2 ` y 2 ď 3u

(g) f px, yq “ 2x3 ` y 4 , D “ tpx, yq | x2 ` y 2 ď 1u

(h) f px, yq “ x3 ´ 3x ´ y 3 ` 12y, D is the quadrilateral whose vertices are p´2, 3q, p2, 3q,
p2, 2q, and p´2, ´2q.

Question 18. Find the point on the plane x ´ 2y ` 3z “ 6 that is closest to the point p0, 1, 1q.

Question 19. Find the dimensions of the rectangular box with largest volume if the total
surface area is given as 64 cm3 .

Question 20. A rectangular building is being designed to minimize heat loss. The east and
west walls lose heat at a rate of 10 units/m2 per day, the north and south walls at a rate of 8
units/m2 per day, the floor at a rate of 1 units/m2 per day, and the roof at a rate of 5 units/m2
per day. Each wall must be at least 30 m long, the height must be at least 4 m, and the volume
must be exactly 4000 m3 .

(a) Find and sketch the domain of the heat loss as a function of the lengths of the sides.

(b) Find the dimensions that minimize heat loss. (Check both the critical points and the
points on the boundary of the domain.)

(c) Could you design a building with even less heat loss if the restrictions on the lengths of
the walls were removed?

Question 21. Use Lagrange multipliers to find the maximum and minimum values of the
function subject to the given constraint.

(a) f px, yq “ 3x ` y, x2 ` y 2 “ 10
1 2
(b) f px, yq “ y 2 ´ x2 , x ` y2 “ 1
4
(c) f px, yq “ exy , x3 ` y 3 “ 16

(d) f px, y, zq “ 2x ` 2y ` z, x2 ` y 2 ` z 2 “ 9

(e) f px, y, zq “ x2 ` y 2 ` z 2 , x ` y ` z “ 12

(f) f px, y, zq “ xyz, x2 ` 2y 2 ` 3z 2 “ 6