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adecuados en cada caso

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• Evitar los errores y confusiones

más comunes

Ferran Alexandri
Filólogo, profesor y autor de
Catalán para Dummies
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Introducción ....................................................................1
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Parte I. Ortografía del catalán ..........................................9

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Parte II. La acentuación de las palabras y otros fenómenos 

interesantes...................................................................91
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______________________________________________________ Sumario  XIII

Acentuar palabras agudas ................................................................. 95

Acentuar palabras llanas ................................................................... 96
Acentuar palabras esdrújulas ........................................................... 96
Los acentos con más bemoles.................................................................... 97
Los adverbios en -ment también pueden acentuarse .................... 97
El acento en las palabras compuestas............................................. 97
¿Qué son las tildes diacríticas?......................................................... 98
La duda de poner acento abierto o cerrado ........................................... 101
La acentuación de la e ..................................................................... 102
La acentuación de la o ..................................................................... 103
Lo último sobre el acento y punto nal .................................................. 105
Sílabas tónicas que no te esperabas .............................................. 106
Adaptación de extranjerismos........................................................ 107
Acentuación de las mayúsculas...................................................... 108

Capítulo 6. Signos sorprendentes: la diéresis, el guión y el

apóstrofo ................................................................................................. 111
Con diéresis, sin diéresis .......................................................................... 113
El guión en las palabras compuestas y derivados ................................. 116
Se escriben con guión ...................................................................... 116
Se escriben sin guión ....................................................................... 117
El apóstrofo...................................................................................... ........... 122
El apóstrofo en siglas, acrónimos y números ............................... 123
Sin apóstrofo... pero... ..................................................................... 123

Parte III: Desmenuzando el lenguaje .............................. 129

Capítulo 7. Lo que tienes que saber sobre el nombre ............................ 131
El género del nombre................................................................................. 132
Géneros que puedes llegar a confundir ......................................... 135
Nombres que cambian de signicado según el género ............... 137
El número del nombre ............................................................................... 140
Nombres invariables y nombres defectivos ................................. 143

Capítulo 8. Lo que tienes que saber sobre el adjetivo ........................... 151

Al rico género... ¡del adjetivo! ................................................................... 152
Adjetivos invariables respecto al género ...................................... 155
Adjetivos singulares y plurales ................................................................ 158
Adjetivos invariables respecto al número .................................... 158
Variables o invariables, ahí está la diferencia ........................................ 160
Cómo colocar bien los adjetivos .............................................................. 163
Concordancia entre el nombre y el adjetivo .......................................... 165
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Parte IV. Divinas palabras ............................................171

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hV> D?VTMDER> SR ?RHV<M9D >;><VE<M9V> uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu =%C
222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222 `<HW@NE  [] 

oH B?DEDGU?R ?RHV<M9D  @;R uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu =%C

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oH B?DEDGU?R ?RHV<M9D  @;M  uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu =%*
oH B?DEDGU?R ?RHV<M9D VS9R?UMVH  DE uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu =%%
oH ?RHV<M9D TDGB;R><D  RH @;VH uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu =%"
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hD> ME<R??DPV<M9D> uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu =%x

Parte V: En el ojo del huracán .......................................255 

rWCÈ=<IE (+v dW?WHE? W IW WUUNÝF UEF IE? :S@VE?vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv >"#
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hD> VTTMSRE<R> SRH 9R?UD uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu =&C
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hV> B?RBD>MTMDER>  BR?  6  BR? V uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu *=&
hV> TDEL;ETMDER>uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu *=)
qDEL;ETMDER> TDD?SMEVE<R> uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu *=)
qDEL;ETMDER> >;UD?SMEVE<R> uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu ***

Parte VI. Los decálogos.................................................339

rWCÈ=<IE (&v qNS6 UEF?SME? CW@W S?U@NVN@ VNSFvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv +%(
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Índice..........................................................................359
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16 Parte I: Ortografía del catalán______________________________________

Los dialectos del catalán

Los sonidos vocálicos que se explican en este de las vocales no es la misma en todo el terri-
capítulo son ocho; pero no todos se utilizan  torio catalanohablante. La vocal neutra, por
siempre en todo el territorio donde se habla ejemplo, suena en buena parte de Cataluña,
catalán, es decir en todo su dominio lingüístico. pero no todos los hablantes saben pronunciar-
El catalán, como toda lengua que se habla en la, sobre todo los de la zona occidental, como
un área geográca extensa, tiene dialectos. Un pronto verás.
mallorquín habla un catalán distinto del que
Los lingüistas han establecido dos grandes blo-
habla un valenciano; un leridano puede usar
ques dialectales: el catalán oriental y el catalán
solo cinco vocales (las mismas que en caste-
occidental. En el mapa siguiente puedes ver los
llano), mientras que un barcelonés usa ocho.
dialectos del catalán y sus zonas de habla:
Con eso quiero decirte que la pronunciación

Mapa dialectal del catalán

Francia Perpiñán

 Andorra
 rosellonés
Benasque

Sort

Berga salat 
catalán Gerona
 Vic
 noroccidental 
 Tamarite catalán
Lérida
central 
Cataluña
Fraga
Barcelona

 Tarragona

 Tortosa

CATALÁN CATALÁN
OCCIDENTAL ORIENTAL
Castellón
de la Plana Islas Baleares
Palma
Comunidad
 baleárico
 Valenciana
valenciano
 Valencia

 Alcoy

Cerdeña
 Alicante
 alguerés
Elche
 Alguer

Dentro del catalán oriental encontramos las Y dentro del catalán occidental encontramos
siguientes variantes o dialectos: estas variantes o dialectos:
4 Rosellonés.  Hablado en la región francesa 4 Noroccidental . Hablado en la parte noroc-
del Rosellón (Pirineos Orientales). cidental de Cataluña, pero también en la Riba-
gorza, el bajo Cinca y en las comarcas arago-
4 Central.  Hablado en la parte centro oriental
nesas de la Litera y Matarraña.
de Cataluña.
4 Valenciano. Hablado en la Comunidad
4 Baleárico.  Hablado en las islas Baleares.
Valenciana,también denominada País Valencià.
4 Alguerés.  Hablado en la ciudad de Alguer,
en la isla de Cerdeña (Italia).
(continúa)
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20  Parte I: Ortografía del catalán______________________________________

Figura 1-1:
El aparato
fonador

Ahora es el momento de ver cómo se pronuncian las consonantes en cata-

lán, con qué letras se representa cada sonido y sus similitudes y diferen-
cias respecto al castellano (por cierto, cuando digo castellano me reero
al español septentrional estándar, para ser más concisos). En la tabla
siguiente te explico detalladamente, mediante ejemplos, los modos de
pronunciación:

Tabla 1-5. Pronunciación de las consonantes catalanas

Consonante Ejemplo Sonido  
p, b pa [pá], tub [túp] Se pronuncia igual que en
castellano .
b, v, w bé [bé], cavall [cǝ-báll], Se pronuncia igual que en
wagnerià [bǝc-nǝ-ri-á] castellano.
f far [fárr], farina [fǝ- rí-nǝ] Se pronuncia igual que en
castellano.
 t, d  terra [tè-rrǝ], sud [sút] Se pronuncia igual que en
castellano.

(cont.)
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