MICROPARA LAB Routine fecalysis

2 approaches: 2 phases:

1. Clinical Diagnosis 1. Macroscopic

2. Laboratory Diagnosis - Color
- Most common= Stool - Form & Consistency
- Half of the parasitical infections are
intestinal.

2 steps:

1. Detection of parasite
2. Identification of parasite

Stool Sample Collection

- Avoid taking foods and substances

(barium, oil, bismuth, iron, cooked
blood, oil and fatty materils)
- Properly collected specimens must
be delivered immediately to the
lab.
- Place adequate amount of stool
into a correct container.
- Midportion should be taken;
consider bloody mucoid part.
- Avoid mixture of urine, dirt, cotton,
fibers, tissue paper.
- Stool must be thumb/pea sized
- Watery stool should be delivered
immediately in the lab. Because the
trophozoite forms would die within
30 minutes.
- Urinate fist before collecting stool.
- Defecate on a bedpan
2. Microscopic
- With microscope
(DFS) Direct Fecal Smear
- Emulsify on saline solution (2-3
drops) until it formed
homogenous…
- And, observe on microscope.
Katho- Thick smear
- Intestinal and not suitable for
protozoan or liquid smears.
- Use of transparent cellophane tape.
- Visualize under microscope
- Permanent, stained fresh fecal
smear
- Concentration methods
Iodine solution or NSS sol.
- Will give contrast

Amoeba

- Permanent, stained fresh fecal

smear
- For better visualization
Low- grade parasitemia

- Concentration methods

- Whatever is submitted, ise it all and

concentrate it.

2 types of CM:

1. Floatation
- Higher density 2 gametocytes:
- Weight of ova will float
1. Micro- male gametes
- Can get to the surface
2. Macro- female gametes
- Topmost
- Outer surface of tube Crescent shaped gametocytes= Plasmodium
- Ex: zinc sulfate floatation technique falciparum
2. Sedimentation
- Lower density solution of ova
- Will be on the bottom
- Ex: formalin ether technique
concentration

BLOOD

Malaria

Screening: thick and thin smearing Entamoeba Histolytica

1. Thick= detection for the presence of Trophozoite:
parasite. (close to one another)
2. Thin= identification of parasite of - 1 nucleus have ingested RBC’s
species.
Cyst:
Plasmodium
- 4 nuclei
- Intraerythrocytic
- Trophozoite: ringforms
 - cigar shaped/ round ended.

Axoneme

- interior portion of flagella

Giardia Lamblia

- rocket shaped
- axoneme = central portion
- trophozite: 2 nuclei
- Cyst: 2-4 nuclei with thick coat Balantidium coli
- Cyst and trophozoite:
Micro nucleus- involved in sexual
repro.
Macro nucleus- involved in diff.
metabolism, and respiration
- Cystosome = mouth part
- Cystopage = anus- like
- Longer in anterior
- Shorter in posterior Cilia

Trichomonas Hominis

- Anterior part is the flagella

- Cystosome; mouth part of the
parasite
- No cyst form
- Undulating Membrane
- Jerky motility
- 1 nuclei
- 3-5 flagella anterior
- 1 posterior
Ctto: notes ni bethel