External Problem 1: Conservation of mass

Two circular pipes are located around a small water container as shown in the figure.

The flow entering the container in a 5 cm diameter pipe has 0.5 m/s uniform velocity. Water is
supplied steadily from the top surface of the container with a volume flow rate 0.001 m3/s. Flow
exits the container in a 10 cm diameter pipe with a non-uniform velocity distribution, which is:

 r D
V  Vmax 1   , where ro  2 .
 ro  2

Assume a steady incompressible flow where water level in the container remains the same.
a) Determine the water volume flow rate leaving the container
b) Determine the maximum velocity (Vmax)

External Problem 2: Linear Momentum and Bernoulli Equations

The double nozzle in the figure below discharges water at A and B into the atmosphere at a rate
of 0.5 m3/s. The nozzle is lying in a horizontal plane.
Assume steady and frictionless flow and the water speed in each jet (A and B) to be the same.
Jet A is 10 cm in diameter, jet B is 12 cm in diameter, and the pipe inlet is 30 cm in diameter. (ρ
= 1000 kg/m3).
a) Applying Bernoulli’s equation between the inlet section and any of the outlet sections,
show that the pressure at section 1 is 315 612 Pa gage;
b) What force acting through the flange bolt is required to hold the nozzle in place?
 y

x
A

Flange

External Problem 3: Energy equation – Pump applications

When the pump in the Figure below draws 220 m3/h of water at 20°C from the reservoir, the
total friction head loss is 5 m. The flow discharges through a nozzle to the atmosphere.
a) Estimate the pump power in kW delivered to the water;
b) The friction head loss is known to be proportional to the square of the exit velocity.
Calculate the pump power in kW delivered to the water if the volume flow rate is now
180 m3/h; Note that in this case the friction head loss is no more equal to 5 m.

Note: the density of water at 20°C is 998 kg/m3 and the gravity acceleration is g = 9.81 m/s2.