Hand Book - MRCP

TM
Texila American University

Bringing Education to Life
TEXILA
Fellowship Program
Hand Book (MRCP)
Student Handbook
TEXILA AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM (3 YEARS)

HANDBOOK
September 2017
Table of Contents
S.No Content Page No

1 An Overview 1
2 About Texila American University 1
3 UCN & TAU Credentials 1
4 Over view of the program 2
5 Course Regulations 4
6 Course Delivery & Contents 5
7 Program Flow Chart 12
8 Assessment Pattern 13
9 Clinical Rotation 14
10 Leave and Attendance Policy 15
11 Academic Calendar 17
Appendix – I (Curriculum)
12 Year I – Paper I 24
13 Year I,II & III – Paper II,III & IV 28
Appendix – II (Academic Reports Formats)
14 Log Book Format 51
15 Case Study Report Format 54
16 Article Review Format 56
17 Thesis Undertaking Letter Format 58
18 Thesis Proposal Format 59
19 Thesis Flowchart 60
20 Thesis Guidelines 61
Appendix – III
21 Leave Form 113
Dean’s Message
Dear Doctors,
Welcome to the world’s first ever comprehensive three year training program to prepare
for and successfully clear the Royal College Examinations in the United Kingdom.
My name is Dr.Ranjan and I am the Dean for Post graduate Medical Education at Texila
American University. I have done my MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology from
the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
I am a Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London,

UK,Member of the Faculty of Family Planning, Royal College of Obstetricians and
Gynaecologists, London, UK, and an MBA in Health care Management from the University
of Stirling, Scotland, UK.
TAU offers over 150 different programs in various disciplines, both as fulltime and
online distance education programs. It is registered with National Accreditation council of
Guyana (which is governed by Ministry of Education) and is listed in WHO (World Health
Organization) Handbook.
TAU is a member of GAME (Global Alliance for Medical Education).Founded in 1995,

with over 130 members, GAME is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to the advancement
of innovation in medical education throughout the world. TAU is also a member of AMEE
(The Association for Medical Education in Europe).AMEE is a worldwide organization with
members in 90 countries on five continents. AMEE promotes international excellence in
education in the health care professions across the continuum of undergraduate, postgraduate
and continuing education.
The Royal College examination program is a 3 year regular trainingprogram and very
unique program offered by TAU & university of Central Nicaragua (UCN) whereby TAU is
academic delivery partner and UCN is Awarding Partner. Students who have completed their
under graduation in MBBS can pursue the training which will eventually lead to award of
Masters of Medicine (MD/MS)
All students will also undergo training for the Royal College Examinations.
We have selected seven core specialties that are:
1. General Medicine leading to the award of MRCP

2. General Surgery – MRCS
3. Obstetrics and Gynaecology – MRCOG
4. Paediatrics – MRCPCH
5. Radiology – FRCR
Throughout the program, over the period of three years, we will show you how to approach the
examination using a targeted revision approach.
Practice makes perfect. By making you solve multiple choice questions, single best answers and
extended matching answers again and again and prepare for OSCE tests repeatedly, our aim is to
equip you with the knowledge and skills to appear for the Royal College Examination with
confidence.
On completion of this training and clearing the Royal College examination, you can practice
anywhere in UK, Asia, Middle East, Africa or India, subject to regulatory and statutory bodies in each
country.
Both these degrees are international medical qualifications. You will have a wide choice of hospitals
and countries to work-in.
We look forward to being a major factor in your success and wish you all the best in your career.
Good luck and take care.
With best wishes
Dr. Ranjan Venkatesan MD, FRCOG, MFFP, MBA

Dean, Postgraduate Medical Education
AN OVERVIEW
ABOUT TEXILA AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
Texila American University Limited (TAU), a parent company located in Hong Kong is
offering Masters Programs, including Fellowships. Texila American University (TAU) and
Universidad Central de Nicaragua (UCN) (English name: Central University of Nicaragua) have
signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to support each other in the areas of scientific
research. Texila American University (TAU) is the academic delivery partner whereas UCN is the
awarding body.
TAU offers Health Science programs with a high level of professionalism, exactness and
problem solving skills, upon which the foundations of specialist training and an independent medical
practice can be built, which facilitates further education and development of their knowledge
throughout their life can be built, which facilitates further education and development of their
knowledge throughout their life.
Universidad Central de Nicaragua (UCN) Credentials

1. UCN was founded in 1997. Its fully accredited and recognized by Ministry of Education of
the Republic of Nicaragua via the National Council of Universities CNU in official
government session No 10-1998 and approved by the Assembly of the Republic Act No. 2822
according to law.http://www.cnu.edu.ni/universidades-legalmente-establecidas
2. UCN is listed with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) International Association of Universities and the international handbook of
accredited universities published by the United Nations.
3. UCN is UNESCO-IAU (International Association of University) listed and 15 years old
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Internationally recognized university. So Students will be receiving internationally recognized
degree Web link : http://www.iau-aiu.net/content/institutions#Nicaragua
Over view of the program:
The Fellowship programs are knowledge enhancement programs. An effective

Physician/Surgeon is dedicated to lifelong education and inner growth. Too frequently, traditional
training programs have concentrated on high volume and long hours, while “educational care” for the
trainee is neglected. In order to encourage and nurture the whole person, of whom the Doctor is but a
part, we have designed our Fellowship Education Curriculum with both theoretical and clinical
components-dealing with patients-observing and involving themselves in the overall process of
learning-applying in the aspect of patient care and treatment.
A highly structured curriculum relating to the bio-psychosocial aspects of the trainee‘ s development
is a significant portion of the three year program. The program and faculty are very committed and a
high level of audit and evaluation of performance in this area is continuously maintained.
The program which aims for academic excellence blended across inpatient and outpatient care with
comprehensive clinical skills. The clinical sites that we are affiliated with are equipped with state-of-
art techniques and instruments that would enable the students to have better exposure to the cutting
edge atmosphere and equip them much better.
The program also includes the research component that would help benefit the students in the research
platform of the specialty chosen. In pursuit of such excellence, the program hopes our trainees will
learn to become effective and more efficient in the circle of understanding-diagnosis-analysis-
treatment and care.
The role of the Royal College is to advance the science and practice of different specialities, further
public education and set appropriate professional standards of practice. The College also sets and
monitors the educational curriculum for those training to enter the profession. Membership of the
Royal Colleges of the United Kingdom is a postgraduate medical diploma in the United Kingdom
(UK). The examinations are run by the Federation of the Medical Royal Colleges
Candidates who successfully complete all parts of the Royal College Examinations are eligible to
become Members of the Royal College. It will provide you with the normal entry requirement for
higher specialist training in different specialities.
NOTE: This Program is NOT recognised by the Medical Council of India or any specific
country. This program is NOT Conducted as per the Purview of the Medical council of India or
Any Indian University.
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The students will also undergo training for the Royal College Examinations in the following
specialties:
1. Medicine (MRCP)
2. Surgery (MRCS)
3. Obstetrics and Gynaecology (MRCOG)
4. Paediatrics and Child Health (MRCPCH)
5. Radiology (FRCR)
Along with the Fellowship programs, TAU also provides training for the Royal College Exam
preparation and this training is no way related to the Royal College Programs.
Objectives
Training is directed towards learning:
1. To provide intensive clinical training with adequate exposure of wide range of patients with
various diseases/disorders, patient characteristics and encounter settings; thus enhancing
patient interviewing, examining and clinical reasoning skills
2. To provide hands-on experience on clinical procedures relevant.
3. To diagnose and manage the patients efficiently after correlating the clinical findings and the
investigations
4. To promote professional behaviour and cultivate ethical values when interacting with
patients, colleagues and staff.
5. To promote the Integrity, respect and compassion in the care of patients and their families
6. To develop the necessary skills, attitude and temperament to work as a team
7. To teach and train undergraduates and allied health professionals.
8. To obtain the basic knowledge of research methodology
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COURSE REGULATIONS
TITLE Fellowship Program with Royal College Examination Training
Duration of the
Three Years
course
Eligibility Criteria MBBS registered with the Medical Council of India

Age No Age Bar
Hospital based
Rotations in Departments where required.
Guided by Department HOD & Program Consultant
Method of Learning
The student should acquire clinical skills & knowledge through training in hospitals and
clinics
The student should review contemporary articles in the concerned subject
Log reports, Rotation Reports, Article Reviews, Case Reports, Thesis, Continuing
Requirement Medical Education(CME), Practice Test, Objective Structured Clinical
Examination(OSCE), Faculty Student Interaction(FSI) and Forum
Periodical MCQ tests as per schedule

Periodical clinical assessments(OSCE)
Examination
Comprehensive Revision Test –5th and 11th month of every academic year
Final Examination
Fellowship in Medicine / Surgery will be awarded by University of Central Nicaragu in

Award of Certificate
Academic Partnership with Texila American University
Based on the completion of Fellowship Program, the student can independently apply for
Master of Medicine / Master of Surgery awarded by University of Central Nicaragua (UCN) by
fulfilling the following conditions
Award of Degree
1. Applying independently
(Optional- Based on
2. Complete a research Thesis and Defending of Thesis
Student request)
3. Remit the exam fee and additional fee for processing of Degree
4. Appear for the exit examination.
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COURSE DELIVERY & CONTENTS
Academic Process:
1. Students undergo the program as per the prescribed curriculum including the clinical
rotations.
2. During the period of their stay, they will have to submit periodical reports prescribed by the
university.
3. The program is supported by video lectures subscriptions and questions banks by professional
trainers for RCP exam
4. If the student has registered with UCN for Master of Medicine / Master of Surgery, the
student has to submit the Thesis proposal in the 10th month of the 1st year. The thesis has to
be submitted in the 9th month of the 3rd Year.
5. Student should have 80% of academic submission on each of the academic requirements
(Log book, Case Report, FSI, Practice test) to be eligible for the exam.
6. Article Review, Thesis report and CME are mandatory requirements for the student to appear
for the exam.
Submission of periodical reports:
Academic Requirements
S.No Academic Requirements No. of reports per year Frequency of Submission
1 Log Book 40 4 reports / month
2 Case Report 10 1 report / month
3 Article Review 2 Once in six months
4 Thesis Proposal 1 10th month of 1st year
5 Thesis 1 End of third year
6 FSI 24 2 sessions per month
7 Forum 12 1 forum per month
8 CME 2 Once in six months
9 Practice test 14 2 tests / month
10 Comprehensive Exam 2 2 Exams / year
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Log book: (Format attached in Appendix II)
Students are monitored and assessed throughout their training by their clinical supervisors and
coordinator. Log books are documentary evidence of their teaching and learning activities from the
start to the end of the module. It comprises the daily attendance of the student and record of daily
activities in the hospital such as:
1. Out-patients’ details or follow-up patients in review OP
2. Ward work which includes clerking of patients daily
3. Attending or performing ward rounds
4. Observing/assisting/performing ward procedures
5. List of “must know” conditions to be exposed to during the clinical rotation
6. List of “must know” procedures to be learnt/ observed/ assisted/ performed during the clinical
rotation
7. Daily case presentations and the feedback from the clinical supervisor
8. Bedside clinical assessments such as mini-CEX, etc.
Case Report: (Format attached in Appendix II)
A case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an
individual patient. Case reports may contain a demographic profile of the patient. It is not necessary
for the case to be rare or unusual. Conditions seen and managed daily can also be included in case
reports. A literature review of other reports on similar cases will add value to the case report and
encourage learning.
1. One Case report has to be submitted at the end of each month for the first ten months of the
year through LMS.
2. Each case report should be on a case from the list of topics provided for each speciality in the
Academic Kit. A minimum of one case per department where the student is posted must be
submitted for evaluation. Each case must be managed from admission to discharge by the
student under supervision of his / her consultant.
3. Each case report must be signed by the HOD or consultant in charge and must have the stamp
of the hospital.
4. Each case report must be scanned and uploaded in LMS.
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Article Review: (Format attached in Appendix II)
An article review is a critical analysis of a peer reviewed journal article on a study or case report. The
review should summarize the article in the student’s own words. From the review, the supervisor/
consultant will know how much the student understands of that topic/ case/ study.
One Article Review has to be submitted by the fifth month of each semester.
Thesis Proposal: A thesis proposal identifies a research problem, gives some preliminary view of
existing research on the problem, identifies needed resources, and sets down the schedule for the
research and writing process.
The student should submit the thesis proposal along with the clearance certificate from the ethical
committee of the hospital where the research has been conducted, at the 10 th month of the 1st year of
the program
Thesis:
A thesis is required for all students completing the Master of Surgery / Master of Medicine Program.
It is a substantive and original body of work that allows students to synthesize and integrate
knowledge from their public health course work and practical experiences, apply it to a particular
topic area, and communicate their ideas and findings through a scholarly written product. The thesis
represents the culmination of the student’s educational experience in the Master of Surgery / Master
of Medicine Program.
Forum Discussion:
The forum discussion is a platform in the LMS (Moodle) where the students can post their questions
and receive answers from the Program adviser. The faculty will also be posting questions on a regular
basis on current topics for the students to answer. Students must actively participate in the Weekly
Forum Discussion with the Program adviser. The student should reply to the questions posted by the
Program Chair and clear his / her doubts related to their specialization. Simultaneously, the student
can view the replies from other students as well. Participation in Forum is mandatory and will be
considered towards the internal assessment.
Continuing Medical Education programs/ Clinical conferences:
Continuing medical education (CME) refers to a specific form of continuing education (CE) that
helps those in the medical field maintain competence and learn about new and developing areas of
their field. These activities may take place as live events, written publications, online programs,
audio, video, or other electronic media. Content for these programs is developed, reviewed, and
delivered by faculty who are experts in their individual clinical areas. It is mandatory for each student
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to have attended the specified number of CME programs/ Clinical conferences with a minimum of 2
Credit points / year as part of their academic requirements.
Practice Tests :
Each test containing 50 questions of Multiple choice questions (MCQ) or Single best answer (SBA)
type questions, which have four or five options within each question. The student is required to
identify the best option that fits the stem of the question. Each correct answer gains 1 mark and there
is no negative marking. This test is conducted twice in a month as a form of internal assessment.
MCQs will be used to assess factual knowledge, analytical skills, critical thinking and medical ethics.
The test will be of 60 minutes’ duration. The questions will usually have a clinical scenario, may
include the results of investigations and may be illustrated with images such as clinical photographs,
pathology slides, inheritance trees, ECGs, X-rays, CT and MR scans, and echocardiograms. Questions
are also asked about the diagnosis, investigation, management, and prognosis of patients. Students
must ensure that they have 60 minutes undisturbed circumferential to attempt the test. It will be an
online examination. The answer along with its explanation will be posted in the LMS for your
reference once the test is completed.
Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) :
As a part of the Royal College Exam Training Program, OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical
Examination) Practice Tests will be conducted.
OSCE practice tests will be held once every 6 months in designated hospitals. The OSCE will be
conducted by Royal College qualified faculty members. This will also form a part of the internal
assessment.
It is mandatory for each student to attend OSCE otherwise TAU has the right to cancel the admission
of the student. In a year 2 OSCE will be conducted and each OSCE has 15% weightage in the internal
assessment. Failure to attend the OSCE may lead to withheld of the exams.
The clinical examination will follow an OSCE style format. Each student will be allotted one patient
wherein they will be assessed on the following tasks:
1. History-taking skills:
1. Gather data from the patient,
2. Construct a differential diagnosis,
3. Deal with concerns the patient may have.
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4. Construct a management plan that is explained to the patient clearly, and to treat the
patient with dignity and respect.
2. Physical Examination skills:

1. Demonstrate comprehensive and correct physical examination technique
2. Ability to detect physical signs
3. Ability to construct a differential diagnosis
4. Ability to suggest sensible and appropriate treatment and investigation plans
5. Ability to treat a patient with dignity and respect.
3. Communication skills and ethics:

1. Guide and organise the interview with the subject (who may be a patient, relative, or
surrogate, such as a health care worker)
2. Explain clinical information
3. Apply clinical knowledge, including knowledge of ethics, to the management of the
case or situation
4. Provide emotional support
5. Treat the patient with dignity and respect.
4. Integrated clinical assessment skills:

Ability of the candidate to approach a clinical problem in an integrated manner,
using history-taking, examination, and communication with the patient.
In addition, the following activities have also to be completed before the year-end examination:
Faculty-student Interaction session (FSI)
Faculty Student Interactive (FSI) sessions are an excellent method for students to engage with senior
doctors and understand different topics related to their specialty. This is an opportunity for them to
get more practical information on the subject as well as clarify any doubts that they may have.
FSI programs:
1. Improve the academic performance
2. Increase the critical thinking skills
3. Support the students
Once the FSI session has been completed, 10 MCQ’s related to the discussed topic will be posted in
LMS (Moodle). The students must answer the MCQs as participation is mandatory and will be
considered towards their internal assessment.80% attendance in FSI is mandantory.
Frequency: 2 sessions per month.
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Progress Report
Log books, Case reports, Forum Participation, Article Reviews, MCQs Practice Tests, OSCE Practice
Tests, Comprehensive Revision Tests and FSI’s- should be submitted / attended on time as per the
Academic calendar shared. If the student fails to submit the academic requirements by 8th month of
current academic year , then the student will be deferred to next intake without prior notice. This will
incur a deferral charge.
Every student should have a minimum of 80% submission of academic requirements to be eligible for
exam, failing which he/ she may have to pay a penalty of $500 USD per month for late submissions.
In addition, reports not submitted will be marked as "Zero" and a hard copy of the progress report
will be sent to their residential address once in 3 months.
Attendance
Students must have a minimum of 80% attendance throughout the year. Failure to do so may result in
being barred from the year end examination. It is the responsibility of the student to submit the
attendance report from the hospital in the letter pad of hospital stating that the student has 80%
attendance for the academic year.
Final Examination
1. At the end of each year, students will have to appear for the final examination.
2. In addition, there will be a paper on Research Methodology at the end of Year one.
Re-sit Examination
1. The students who fail in the final examinations have to pay a requisite fee to attend the re-sit
examination.
2. The students who fail twice in the final examinations will have to undergo an orientation and
the student have to pay for the session. The student will be permitted to attend the exam for
the third time only after attending the orientation.
Mock test – Part I / Part A Exam
Mock exams are the practice exams having the same pattern as that of the Royal College
Examinations that will be conducted on a yearly basis.
Mock test for Part-I/ Part-A will be conducted in respective clinical site under the supervision of the
Academic Director.
Clinical Rotation:
A student/candidate admitted to a course/program will be posted in different

departments/disciplines/sub-specialty units which are associated/linked with the course/program for a
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definite period as a compulsory requirement to gain adequate exposure to patients and their clinical
problems
1. Clinical rotations will be coordinated by the Coordinator of the approved hospital.

2. The order of clinical rotation may vary depending on the hospital’s requirements.
3. Students have to abide by the norms and regulations of the hospital.
Royal College Examination:
In the end of the second year, all the students have to appear for the Royal College Examinations Part
I in their respective speciality for successful completion of the second year.
Similarly, in the end of the third year all the students who have completed Part I have to appear for
the Royal College Examination Part II in their respective speciality for successful completion of the
third year.
Re-Registration:
It is mandatory for all the students enrolled in this program to re-register after the completion of every
year of their program. At the end of every year of their program, students will be given 2 weeks’
vacation to facilitate them to re-register with the University again to move to the next year of their
program. If the student has not re-registered with TAU after the completion of each year, then the
student will not be admitted to the hospital to continue his/her training.
Award of fellowship certificate:

After successful completion of the program and passing the semester examinations along with
submission of Clinical Posting Certificate received from the respective Hospital, the certification on
Fellowship in Medicine / Surgery will be awarded by University of Central Nicaragu in Academic
Partnership with Texila American University
Award of master degree:
Based on the completion of Fellowship Program in Medicine / Surgery the student can apply for
Masters of Medicine / Surgery awarded by University of Central Nicaragua (UCN) by fulfilling the
following conditions
1. Applying Separately
2. Complete a research Thesis and Defending of Thesis
3. Remit the exam fee and additional fee for processing of Degree
4. Appear the exit examination.
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PROGRAM FLOWCHART
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Practice Test (50 MCQ’s each) Practice Test (50 MCQ’s) Practice Test (50 MCQ’s)
Conducted in LMS every Conducted in LMS every Conducted in LMS every fortnight
fortnight for 10 months based on fortnight for 10 months based for 10 months based on the video
the video lectures, 10th month on the video lectures lectures
Research Proposal to be
submitted
Submit Academic Reports like Submit Academic Reports like Submit Academic Reports like
weekly Logbooks, 10 Case weekly Logbooks, 10 Case weekly Logbooks, 10 Case Study
Study Reports, Forum, 2 Article Study Reports, Forum, 2 Reports, Forum, 2 Article Reviews
Reviews and participation in Article Reviews and and participation in FSI and 1 CME
FSI and 1 CME participation in FSI and 1 CME
OSCE Conducted every 6 months

OSCE test Conducted after the OSCE Conducted every 6
in the Clinical site by RC Qualified
completion of 6 months by RC months in the Clinical site by
Clinical Examiners based in the
Qualified Clinical Examiners RC Qualified Clinical
Hospital
based in the Hospital Examiners based in the Hospital
Comprehensive Revision Test (100

Comprehensive Revision Test Comprehensive Revision Test
MCQ’s) in the 5th and 11th Month
(100 MCQ’s) in the 5th and 11th (100 MCQ’s) in the 5th and 11th
Thesis report in the 10th month
Month & Thesis proposal (10th Month
month)
Final Examination – Paper

Final Examination – 4- Part 2 & Clinical –
Final Examination – Paper 3 – Part 1 OSCE &
Paper 1 Research Thesis
Methodology & Paper 2-
Part 1
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ASSESSMENT PATTERN
External Assessment
Year Internal Assessment Evaluation
Final Exam -Theory
Paper 1 Paper 1- Research

Research Methodology MCQ (40%) Methodology (60%) 100%
(Internal 50% + External 50%)
Year 1 Paper 2 Theory : Part 1 Paper 2- Specialization 100%

Practice test MCQ (25%) (Internal 50% + External 50%)
(50%)
FSI (10%)
Article Review (5%)
Comprehensive Revision Test 1 &2 (5%)
CME (5%)
Paper 3 Theory Part 1 Paper 3- Specialization 100%

(50%)
FSI (10%)
Year 2
Article Review (5%)
CME (5%)
Paper 4 Theory – Part 2 Paper 4- Specialization 100%

(50%)
FSI (10%)
Article Review (5%)
Year 3 CME (5%)
Clinical: OSCE – Year 1, 2 & 3 (30%) Clinical – Final Exam

100%
Log Book (5%) (Internal 50% + External 50%)
Case Reports (15%) (50%)
Thesis Writing Internal: Thesis Evaluation (40%)

(Throughout the program duration) External: Viva Voce (20%) + Thesis Evaluation(40%)
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CLINICAL ROTATIONS (Posting details)
Clinical Rotation for 3 years Months

Medicine 3
Haematology And Oncology 4
Dermatology 1
Casualty/ Emergency Medical Services 2
Rheumatology 1
Ophthalmology 1
Medicine 3
Respiratory Medicine 2
Gastroenterology 2
Ophthalmology 1
Nephrology 2
Psychiatry 1
Casualty/Emergency Medical Services 1
Endocrinology 2
Neurology 3
Cardiology 3
General (Internal) Medicine 4
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LEAVE & ATTENDANCE POLICY
To get the most out of your studies, you need to attend all scheduled classes and activities associated
with your program. All the programs have a minimum attendance requirement. We realize that
occasionally you will be ill or suffer other unforeseen circumstances and not be able to attend. The
University lays down formal regulations regarding attendance. The main points are:
 In accordance with University Regulation for program of study, it is the responsibility of

students to attend scheduled classes and prescribed activities in their department in which
they are registered.
 It’s the responsibility of the student to maintain 80% attendance to become eligible for the
internal and final assessments.
 If you do not attend the scheduled classes of your program for 4 consecutive weeks at any
time during an academic year and are not able to provide a satisfactory explanation to your
Academic Coordinator, the University has the right to cancel your registration from the
program & you might have to repeat the semester or as decided by the Academic Council.
 If you are absent due to illness, you should notify to the Academic Coordinator. If you are
having difficulties in attending classes because of personal, financial or academic problems,
please inform at an early stage to the Academic Coordinator or to the Academic Director of
the Hospital. Keep all relevant reports (e.g. medical certificates) to support your case.
 Students will be allowed to appear for the examination only after remitting the condonation
fee as prescribed by the university in case the student lacks in attendance as given below.
 Allowing a student to give his / her examination after remitting the condonation fee is at the
discretion of the University.
 University has the right to reject a student’s admission to examination if proper medical
certificates /valid reasons / leave notes are not submitted to the University.
Maternity Leave:
Women students can avail maternity leave up to 180 days only once in their PG course of study and
the study period will be extended. The candidate shall not be eligible to appear in the University
examination till the completion of study period.
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Leave:
The student can avail 15 days leave during the academic year. Any leave beyond the permissible
limit (15 days) may lead to extension of the program duration.
a. The student must give at least 2 weeks’ notice prior to taking leave and also submit copies of the
admit card for the examination (Royal College) or receive approval (NOC) in case of appearing for
Royal college exams.
b. For CME, the student must submit a proof of registration for the conference along with his/ her
application for leave. After attending the conference, the student must submit a Xerox copy of the
CME certificate.
C. Incase of Medical leave, the student has to submit the Medical certificate with all supporting
documents.
Leave application Process:
Students should apply for leave in the given application form. The leave has to be approved by the
concerned HOD and the Academic Director of the clinical site. The leave application should be then
forwarded to the University for Approval. The University has the right to accept or decline the leave
request, in case of acceptance the leave sanction information will be given to the student and the
hospital.
If in case a student take leave without the prior permission of the University, then it will be considered
as absent.
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ACADEMIC CALENDAR (2017-2018)
YEAR I
Month Date Particular Month Date Particular

02/01/2018 Log Book
Sep’17 26/09/2017 Orientation
09/01/2018 Log Book
10/10/2017 Log Book 10/01/2018 Forum
17/10/2017 Log Book 11/01/2018 RM Practice Test-IV
19/10/2017 RM Practice Test-I 15/01/2018 RCP Practice Test-V
Jan’18
Oct’17 24/10/2017 Log Book 16/01/2018 Log Book
25/10/2017 Forum 23/01/2018 Log Book
28/10/2017 Case Report – I 28/01/2018 Case Report – IV
31/10/2017 Log Book 30/01/2018 Log Book
07/11/2017 Log Book 30/01/2018 RCP Practice Test-VI
06/02/2018 Log Book
10/11/2017 Forum
10/02/2018 Forum
11/11/2017 RM Practice Test-II 11/02/2018 RM Practice Test-V
14/11/2017 Log Book 13/02/2018 Log Book
Nov’17
15/11/2017 RCP Practice Test-I Feb’18 15/02/2018 RCP Practice Test-VII
21/11/2017 Log Book 20/02/2018 Log Book
28/11/2017 Case Report – II 27/02/2018 Log Book
28/11/2017 Log Book 28/02/2018 Case Report – V
30/11/2017 RCP Practice Test-II 28/02/2018 Article Review I
05/12/2017 Log Book 06/03/2018 Log Book
10/12/2017 Forum 10/03/2018 Forum
11/12/2017 RM Practice Test-III 11/03/2018 RM Practice Test-VI
12/12/2017 Log Book 13/03/2018 Log Book
15/12/2017 RCP Practice Test-III 20/03/2018 Log Book
Dec’17 Mar'18
Comprehensive Revision
19/12/2017 Log Book 20/03/2018
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May’18 15/05/2018 Log Book Aug’18 25/08/2018 Forum
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-XII
Jun’18
19/06/2018 Log Book Final Exam -Part I
2nd week Final Exam -Research
26/06/2018 Log Book
Methodology
28/06/2018 Case Report-IX 4th week OSCE Exam-II
FSI (Faculty Students Interaction)

30/06/2018 RCP Practice Test-XIII
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YEAR II

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28/06/2019 Case Report-IX
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YEAR III

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th
OSCE Exam-V
21
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2 week
nd
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2 sessions / month
22
APPENDIX I
23
Year - I
Paper 1:- Research Methodology:-

Aim - To provide a comprehensive introduction to the research process
Learning Objectives
Having successfully completed the course, students will be able to:
 Critically appraise a research paper;

 Write a research proposal;
 Undertake the main processes of research design, data collection and analysis
1. Introduction –Research methodology

 Meaning for research
 Objective of research
 Motivation in research
 Qualities of Researcher
 Types of research
 Research approaches
 Significances of research
 Research method versus methodology
 Research and scientific study
 Importance’s of knowing how research is done
 Research process
 Criteria for good research
2. Defining the research problem

 What is research problem
 Selecting the problem
 Necessity of defining the problem
24
 Technique involved in defining a problem
3. Extensive literature review
 Define literature search
 Purpose of a literature review
 Finding sources
 A strategic approach
 Getting started
 Search Plan
 What to do if you have too few sources
 What to do if you have too many sources
 Synthesizing Information
 Summarizing and note taking
 Summary
4. Research design
 Define research design
 Importance of research design
 Features of Research Design
 features of good design
 Types research designs
 Concept relating to research design
5. Sample design
 Steps in sampling design
 Criteria of selecting a sampling procedure
 Characters of a good sample design
25
 Different types of sample design
 how to select a random sample
6. Measurements and scaling techniques

 measurements in research
 measurements scale
 sources of error in measurement
 techniques of developing measurement tools
 Scaling
 Meaning of scaling
 Scale classification bases
 Important scaling techniques
 Scale construction techniques
7. Methods of data collection
 Collection of primary data
 Observation methods
 Interview methods
 Collection of data through questionnaires
 Collection of data through schedules
 Difference between questionnaires and schedules
 Other methods of data collection
 Collection of secondary date
 Case study method
8. Processing and analysis of data
 Elements /Types of analysis
26
 Statistics in research
 Measures of central tendency
 Measures of dispersion
 Measures of asymmetry
 Measures of relationship
 Simple regression analysis
 multiple correlation and regression
9. Sampling fundamentals and survey
 Steps in sampling design
 Criteria for selecting a sampling procedure
 Characteristics of a good sample design
 Types of sample design
 Methods of selecting a random sample
 Complex random sampling design
10. Hypothesis
 Define Hypothesis
 Characteristics of a Hypothesis
 Concept relating to testing of hypothesis
 Procedure of testing hypothesis
 Types of Hypothesis
 Testing hypothesis -1 (Para metric or standard tests of hypothesis)
 Testing hypothesis -2 (non parametric or distribution free tests)
27
Year I, II & III
Paper – II, III & IV
Genetics
Structure and function of chromosomes and genes

Principle of inheritance of chromosomal and genetic disorders
o Inherited diseases
o Chromosome structure
o Common chromosome abnormalities
Cell, molecular and membrane biology
 Structure and function of the components of the cell and its membrane
 How cells communicate internally and with each other by means of chemical
substances and membrane receptors.
o Function of intracellular organelles
o Cellular communication
Anatomy
Clinical relevant anatomy including neuroanatomy

o Peripheral nerve lesions
o Cranial nerve abnormalities
o Dermatomes, myotomes and reflexes
Physiology, biochemistry and metabolism
 Structure and function of the different organs and their interaction (such as hor-
monal and neural influences)
 Broad principle of metabolism such as the production of energy and pathways of
carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism
 Principle of nutrition, water, electrolyte and acid base balance.
 Physiology and biochemistry of each organ system
o The mechanism of blood pressure control
o Acid-base balance
 Oncology
 Geriatric medicine
 Ophthalmology
 Clinical sciences
Immunology
 Principles of immuno-mechanisms
o Humoral and cell-mediated immunity
o Immunodeficiency syndromes
o Phagocytic dysfunction diseases
28
 Complement deficiencies
 Hypersensitivities including allergies and autoimmune diseases
Immunological tests
 Immune system in health and disease

o Common immunological laboratory tests
o Evaluation of patients with immune disease
o Intercellular communication and signal transduction
o Lymphocyte and phagocytic cell biology
o Antigen presentation
o Humoral, cellular and mucosal immunity including Th2 and TH2 re-
sponses
o Inflammation
o Complement system and cytokines
o Hypersensitivity and autoimmunity
Clinical conditions
 Various immunodeficiency syndromes

o Mechanisms of immunodeficiency
o Antibody immunodeficiency disorders
o T-cell immunodeficiency disorders
o Combined antibody and cellular immunodeficiency disorders
o Phagocytic dysfunction diseases
o Complement deficiencies
 Clinical characteristics and immediate management of acute allergic emergencies
o Anaphylaxis
o Angio-oedema
o Urticaria
 Immunology as applied with other medical diseases (ex: Rheumatic diseases -

connective tissue diseases)
o Rheumatic diseases (connective tissue disease)
o Endocrine diseases (thyroid autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus, Ad-
dison's disease)
o Haematological diseases (pernicious anaemia, autoimmune haemolytic-
anaemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura)
o Gastrointestinal diseases (Coleiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease,
hepatobiliary diseases)
o Renal diseases (Goodpasture's syndrome, immune-complex glomer-
ulonephritis)
o Dermatological diseases (demyelinating diseases, myasthenic syndromes)
29
Management
 Principles of immunosuppressive therapy including major indications and side-

effects
o Immunosupressive drug therapy
o Intravenous immunoglobulin
o Monoclonal antibodies
o Cytokine therapy
o Bone marrow transplantation
o Principle of immunisation
o Vaccines currently in use
Infectious diseases and tropical medicine
 Microbiology
o Taxonomy of bacteria in terms of Gram-straining and aerobic /anaerobic
metabolism
o Virus classification for members of the herpes group
o Virus replication with reference to the retroviruses
 Major pathogenic protozoa and helminths
 Aerobic or anaerobic bacteria
 Gram-staining characteristics of bacteria
Immunology of infectious diseases
 Immune deficiency states linked with types of opportunistic infections

 Principle of immunisation and vaccines currently used
 Opportunistic infections
 Immunisation policy
Pathophysiology
 Septic shock
 ARDS
 Role of cytokines in infection
Epidemiology
 Principles relevant to infectious diseases

o Mechanisms of transmission of pathogens
o How epidemics happen
o Knowledge of carrier states, reservoirs, vectors and zoonoses
o Elementary concepts of the control of communicable diseases (including
immunisation, isolation, contact tracing, chemoprophylaxis of close con-
tacts)
o Geographical variation in diseases including TB, HIV, Hepatitis B, mal-
aria
30
Treatment
 Broad indications for commonly employed antimicrobial agents

 Major adverse effects for commonly employed antimicrobial agents
o B-lactams
o Tetracyclines
o Macrolides
o Aminoglycosides
o Quinolines
o Trimethoprim
o Metronidazole
o Antituberculous drugs
o Antimalarial drugs
o Antiviral agents
Specific infections
 Characteristics, recognition, prevention, eradication, and pathological effects of

all commonly encountered bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, fungi, protozoa, parasites
and toxins.
 Principle of infection control
 Differential diagnostic and appropriate investigations
 Presumptive therapies indications
o Septicaemia
o Meningitis and encephalitis
o Endocarditis
o Pneumonia (community-acquired, hospital-acquired, lung abscess, empy-
ema)
o Tuberculosis
o PUO (appropriate investigations, when empirical therapy might be indic-
ated)
o Soft-tissue infection and Osteomyelitis
o Streptococcal infection, rheumatic fever, nephritis
o Intra-abdominal sepsis
o Food-poisoning
o Tropical Infections (especially malaria, bilharzias, amoebiasis, filariasis,
leishmaniasis, hookworm and viral haemorrhagic fevers)
o Viral hepatitis
o HIV/AIDS (course of typical infection, CD4 count and HIV viral load as
markers of progression; main opportunistic infections including Pneumo-
cytis pneumonia, CNS toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, tubercu-
losis)
o Glandular fever syndrome and its differentiation from HIV seroconver-
sion illness
31
o Spirochaetosis - syphilis, leptospirosis, borrelia
o Toxic shock syndrome and staphylococcal infection
Statistics, Epidemiology and Evidence-based medicine
Descriptive statistics
 Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, standard error, confidence interval,

variance
 Range, quartile, inter-quartile range, percentile
 Skewness
 Contingency table, population
 Missing values
 Outliers
Graphical techniques
 Histogram
 Box-plot
 Scattergram
Inferential techniques
• Null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis

• Parametric and non-parametric tests
• Normal distribution
• Type 1 and type 2 errors
• False positive and false negative
• Statistical power
• One and two tailed tests
• Statistical significance, P value
• T-test
• Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon test
• Chi-square test for 2 x 2 contingency table
• Correlation (Pearson's and Spearman's)
• Linear regression
• Study design
Evidence based medicine
 General understanding of evidence-based management and applications to man-

agement of patients
Clinical trials
 Interpretation of simple clinical trial data

 Randomisation
 Placebo-controlled trial
 Open trial
 Single-blind trial
32
 Double-blind trial
 Intention-to-treat
 Bias
Clinical haematology
 Physiology, control and function of formed blood elements

 Bone marrow structure and function
 Applications of biochemistry, genetics, immunology and virology to blood dis-
orders
 Effects of age and pregnancy on blood diseases
 Splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and their causes
 Principles and hazards of blood and blood product replacement therapy
 Principles, but not detail, of anti-tumour chemotherapy
 Principles of marrow transplantation
 Adverse effects of drugs on the blood
Iron metabolism
 Physiology of iron, including its absorption

 Iron overload
 Iron deficiency states including diagnostic, causes and treatment
 Iron metabolism, including anaemias of chronic disorders and sideroblastican-
aemias
Megaloblastic anaemias
 Physiology of vitamin B12 and folic acid - Mechanisms and investigation of de-
ficiencies and their management
Haemolyticanaemias
 Mechanisms of shortened red cell survival

 Feature and management of congenital and acquired haemolytic states
 Molecular pathology of thalassaemia and common haemoglobinopathies
o Causes of haemolysis
o Diagnostic of haemolyticanaemia
Other anaemias
 Anaemias complicating systemic disease

 Aplastic anaemia
 Myelodysplastic syndromes
Polycythaemia and myeloproliferative disorders
 Causes, investigation and management of polycythaemia
 Causes, investigation and management of myeloproliferative disorders
33
White cells disorders
 Physiology of leucocytes
 Leucocytosis and leucopenia
 Acute and chronic leukaemias, including diagnosis, management and prognosis
 Lymphoproliferative diseases including Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymph-
omas and plasma cell dyscrasias.
Disorders of haemostasis
 Platelet function and coagulation

 Thrombocytopenia and impaired platelet function
 Thrombocytosis
 Common congenital and acquired disorders of coagulation (especially anticoagu-
lant therapy and disseminated intravascular coagulation)
Clinical pharmacology, therapeutics and clinical toxicology
Pharmacology
 Mechanisms by which drugs produce their pharmacological effects

 Basic principles of agonism and antagonism
 Clinical implication of drugs that act at different receptor sites
 Links between the pharmacological effects of drugs at the molecular level, the
cellular level, and the tissue / organ level, and how these are affected by disease
processes and other drugs
 Principles by which both therapeutic and adverse effects occur
Clinical pharmacokinetics
 Processes of drug absorption and distribution

 Bio-transformation and excretion
 Concepts of drug half-life and clearance
 First order and zero order kinetics
Monitoring drug therapy
 Direct measurement of therapeutic response

 Measurement of plasma drug concentrations
 Scientific basis for the measurement of drug concentration and its link to the
principles of pharmacokinetics
Adverse drug reactions
 Epidemiology of adverse drug reactions: recognition and avoidance

 Important adverse effects of commonly used drugs
 Importance of adverse drug reaction reporting schemes
34
Drug interactions
 Adverse drug interactions and mechanisms by which interaction may occur

 Common drug interactions and their clinical consequences
Pharmacogenetics
 Principles of pharmacogenetics and its importance in determining variations in

response to drugs in man, both in term of efficacy and toxicity
 Clinical consequences of the common pharmacogenetic variations relevant to
clinical practice
Therapeutics for specific patient groups
 Principles of therapeutics as they apply in the following circumstances:

o The elderly
o Pregnancy and breast feeding
o Patients with renal disease
o Patients with hepatic disease
o Effects of these altered physiology on the pharmacokinetics and phar-
macodynamics of drugs
o Principle underlying drug choice, in pregnancy and breast feeding
o Teratogenic effects of drugs that may be used in pregnancy - Drugs that
may produce toxicity in the case of renal and hepatic disease
Clinical toxicology
 Principle of management of patients poisoned by drugs or other toxic substances

 Assessment, recognition of common symptom patterns
 Principles of removal of toxic substances
 Antidotes where these approaches may be appropriate
Criteria for selecting drugs in a therapeutic class
 Criteria used to select a drug from among drugs in a popular therapeutic class
including:
 Differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
 The approved indications of the drug
 Possible adverse effects or drug interactions
 Cost effectiveness
 Nomenclature
 Used to describing studies that may be used to underpin drug selection
35
Drug formulations and routes of administration
 Various formulations of medicines available

 Routes by which medicines may be administered
 Advantages and disadvantages of various routes and preparation
 Most appropriate formulation selection and drug administration in common clin-
ical scenarios
Rheumatology
Basic principles of the common musculoskeletal conditions
Clinical science
 Basic physiology, biochemistry, anatomy and pathology relating to musculo-

skeletal diseases
 Pathology of the common rheumatic conditions
Clinical conditions
 Relative prevalence and major associations of the common rheumatological con-

ditions
 Symptoms and signs of the rheumatic diseases
 Arthritis associated with other medical conditions
Investigations
 Investigations relevant to the diagnosis and assessment of rheumatic diseases in-
cluding
 Acute phase proteins
 Immunological tests relating to the connective tissue diseases
 Contemporary imaging techniques
Management
 Management of acute rheumatological emergencies including Septic arthritis,

Osteomyelitis, temporal arteritis and acute spinal cord compression
 Management of rheumatic diseases
Cardiology
 Anatomy and physiology

 Basic anatomy and physiology of the heart in health and disease including:
o Clinical relevant normal anatomy of the heart, coronary arteries and
great vessels
o Determinants of the heart rate and rhythm
o Cardiac conduction
o Cardiac output
o Vascular tone
o Blood pressure
o Coronary blood flow
36
o Genesis of heart sound
Pathophysiology and pathology
 Mechanism underlying the main pathological processes

 Thrombosis
 Infarction
 Atherogenesis
 Hypertrophy
 Heart failure
 Cardiomyopathies
 Dysrhythmias
 Hypertension
Cell biology
 Topics of proven clinical relevance such as:

o Excitation-contraction process
o Molecular and cellular aspects of hypertrophy of the myocardium of vas-
cular smooth muscle
 Clinical pharmacology
o Indications of drug therapy in cardiac disease
o Actions, interactions, and side effects of the drugs used, with emphasis on
new drugs and newly observed side effects.
 Clinical cardiology
o Clinical features and management of the cardiac disorders encountered in
hospital practice by the general physician
o Risk factors
 Clinical features of constrictive pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, endocarditis,
valvular disease
• Management of acute coronary syndromes
• Management of cardiac failure
• Management issues in atrial fibrillation
• Indications for, and types of, permanent pacemaker
o Important changes in clinical practice, following the publication of major
clinical trials:
Use of ACE inhibitors after myocardial infarction

Use of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors in primary and secondary preven
tion of coronary morbidity and mortality
Use of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs in left ventricular dysfunction
Indications for invasive and non-invasive cardiac investigation
Principle of these investigative methods, their limitations and the clinical
relevance
 Examples:
o Common ECG abnormalities
37
o Basic echocardiographic abnormalities such as hypertrophic obstructive car-
diomyopathy or pericardial effusion
o Indication for coronary angiography
Respiratory medicine
 Anatomy and physiology

 Clinical relevant anatomy of the upper and lower respiratory tract and thorax in-
cluding radiological anatomy
 Principles of respiratory physiology including: How respiration is controlled
 Principles of gas exchange and oxygen transport
 Ventilation-perfusion relationships
 Lung volumes and transfer factor
 Respiratory aspects of sleep and exercise physiology
o Physical, humoral and cellular aspects of respiratory defence mechanisms
o Physiology of the proteinase inhibitors and pulmonary surfactant
Pathophysiology and pathology
 Effects of disease on pulmonary physiology and anatomy including:

 The pulmonary and bronchial circulations as gas exchange
 Adaptations to chronic hypoxaemia
 Pleural fluid production and reabsorption
o Application of the basic immunological processes to pulmonary patho-
logy including:
 Asthma
 Alveolitis
 Tuberculosis
o Humoral and cellular immunodeficiency states and sequelae
o Microbiology of acute and chronic respiratory infections
 Cell biology and genetics
o Lung inflammation and repair
o Vasculitis
o Cystic fibrosis
o Anti-protease deficiency
 Clinical pharmacology
o Indications for, and mechanisms of action of, drugs used in respiratory
disease together with their interactions and side effects.
o Important respiratory complications of other drugs (NSAIDs and beta
blockers)
 Clinical conditions
o Clinical features, investigation and management of respiratory disease
likely to be encountered by a general physician
o Pleural effusion
o Chest pain
o Haemoptysis
38
o Breathlessness
Impact of systemic disease on the respiratory system
 Vasculitis
 Neuromuscular disease
 HIV infection
 Occupational lung disease, particularly asthma, pneumoconiosis and asbestos
related disease
 Assessment of respiratory malignant condition
 General principles of oncological management including indication of surgery
Indications for specialised investigations including bronchoscopy, CT scanning,
lung biopsy, lung volumes and exercise testing
 Investigation of sleep related disorders and of the radiological aspects of respir-
atory diseases
 Indications for, and problems of, lung transplantation
 Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection•
 Exclusion
o Knowledge of detailed pulmonary mechanics, oncology drug regimens,
drug therapy of environmental mycobacterial infection, inhalation drug
kinetics, and detailed histological descriptions is not required.
Neurology
Neuroanatomy
Detailed Neuroanatomy to appreciate the localisation of a particular
neurological problem
 Clinical features of a lesion within the cavernous sinus

 Manifestations of a particular nerve root or peripheral nerve disorder
 Organisation of pathways within the spinal cord
 Neurophysiology
 Aspects of Neurophysiology relevant to the understanding of neurological dis-
ease
 Examples:
o Formation, circulation, absorption and content of the cerebrospinal fluid
o Aspect of cerebral blood flow
o Principles of nerve conduction and its modification by disease processes
 Neurogenetics
o Recent advances in the understanding of the genetic basis for various
neurological disorders
 Cell biology
39
o Advances in the cellular mechanisms of certain neurological disease pro-
cesses which have provided better understanding of disease mechanisms
and which might, in the future, lead to more rational therapy
 Neuropharmacology
o New drug developments in neurology
o Established drug therapies
 Ex:
o Role of some recently introduced anticonvulsants
o Present status of immunosuppressant therapy in multiple sclerosis
 Neuropathology
o Pathological aspects of some common diseases such as multiple sclerosis,
Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease
 Clinical neurology
o Common disorders
o Clinical features which have been shown to be of diagnostic value
o Areas of recent advance, particularly those which have either led to better
definition of disease entities, or have led to their improved management
o Epidemiological aspects, in particular the risk factors for stroke
o The evidence for the role of anti-platelet agents in transient ischaemic at
tacks
o The role of carotid endarterectomy in the management of stroke patients
Psychiatry
 Mental state
o Conduct and scope of a mental state examination
o Features of abnormal mental states and particularly those present com-
monly to physicians and to Accident and Emergency Departments
 Aetiological factors in psychiatric illness
o Primary aetiological factors in psychiatric areas including:
 Genetic factors
 Environmental factors
 Life events
 Investigations
o Potential value of, and indications for, common investigations used in
psychiatric illness including:
 Psychometric testing
 EEG
 Brain imaging
 Syndromes of psychiatric disorder and their treatment
o Organic brain syndromes (delirium, dementia, focal brain syndromes,
head injury)
o Schizophrenia and related syndromes - Paranoid disorders and related
syndromes
o Affective disorders (anxiety states, phobic disorders, bipolar affective
disorders)
40
o Grief and bereavement
o Self-harm, attempted suicide, suicide
o Substance misuse (including alcohol dependence)
o Eating disorders
o Obsessive compulsive disorder
o Abnormal illness behaviour
o Syndromes associated with medically explained physical symptoms (in-
cluding somatization and somatoform syndrome)
 Psychiatric aspects of physical disease

o Psychiatric presentation of physical disease including:
o Endocrine and metabolic disorders
o Toxic states
o AIDS
o Neurological disease
o Epilepsy
o Pain
 Mental retardation
o Features of the commoner syndromes
Gastroenterology
 Clinical science
o Structure and function of the gastrointestinal and hepatobilary tract
o Neurohormonal control of gut motility
o Secretory and absorptive functions of the gastro-intestinal tract and liver
o Symptoms and signs of gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic dis-
eases
o Genetics of the more common gastrointestinal and liver disorders
o Clinical pharmacology of drugs used in gastrointestinal disorders includ-
ing their actions, interactions and adverse effects
 Clinical nutrition
o Nutritional requirements in health
o Assessment of nutritional status
o Nutritional deficiency states
o Primary nutritional disorders
 Disorders of the mouth, tongue and salivary glands
o Mouth ulcers, periodontal and salivary disorders
o Oral manifestations of systemic and dermatological disorders
 Disorders of the oesophagus and stomach
o Alchalasia
o Carcinomas
o Peptic ulceration
o Gastritis
o Gastrointestinal haemorrhage
 Functional disorders
o Functional chest pain and functional dyspepsia
o Irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain
41
o Functional constipation and diarrhea
 Disorders of the small intestine

o Malabsoption syndromes and gluten enteropathy
o Hormone-secreting tumours of the gut
 Disorders of the liver, biliary tree and pancreas
o Bilirubin metabolism and the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids
o Causes of jaundice and cholestasis
o Common pancreatic disorders including carcinoma
o Fulminant liver failure
o Acute and chronic hepatitis
o Drugs, toxins, alcohol and the liver
 The acute abdomen
o Perforated viscus and peritonitis
o Intestinal obstruction
o Ischaemic disease of the small and large bowel
 Inflammatory bowel diseases
o Crohn's disease
o Ulcerative colitis
o Infective gastroenteritis
o Parasitic and protozoal gut infections
 Colorectal disorders
o Polyps
o Carcinomas
o Diverticular disease
o Anorectal disorders
Endocrinology
 Mechanisms of hormone action and importance of

 Receptors and substances involved in control of intracellular metabolism
 Clinically relevant anatomical aspects of the speciality
Thyroid
o Mechanisms of thyroid disease

o Clinical presentation and treatment
 Examples:
 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis and its control
 Important drugs interfering with thyroid function
 Indications for use of various types of thyroid function test
 Autoimmunity and the thyroid
 Clinical features of thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism
 Goitre and its management
 Thyroid neoplasia
Hypothalamus/Pituitary
 Physiology and testing of the control mechanisms of the endocrine system
42
• The physiology and Pathophysiology of control of pituitary hormone
secretion
• The mechanisms of maintaining plasma osmolality
• Tests of pituitary diseases such as acromegaly, prolactinoma and
Cushing's syndrome
• Drugs used in the treatment of pituitary disease
• Pituitary replacement therapy
 Adrenal
• Clinically relevant mechanisms of steroid biosynthesis
• Build-up of precursor compounds when there is defective cortisol bio
synthesis in adrenocortical hyperplasia
• Tests for adrenocortical function
• Endocrine causes of hypertension and their differential diagnosis
• Clinical features and management of adrenal hyper- and hypofunction
• Complications of steroid therapy
 Ovary
• Physiology of ovarian functions
• Conditions presenting to a physician
• Hormonal changes across the menstrual cycle
• Physiological changes in pregnancy
• The differential diagnosis of hirsutism and virilism
• Causes of amenorrhoea and anovulation
• Endocrine causes of infertility
 Testis
o Relevant investigations of urological infertility
o Endocrine aspects of testicular functions
 Growth
o Factors controlling growth hormone secretion
o Normal growth patterns
o General medical and endocrine causes of short stature
o Control of excessive growth
o Growth hormone therapy and its complications
 Parathyroid/bone
• Control of bone turnover and disorders which can result of its failure
• Control of calcium metabolism
• Laboratory tests of parathyroid function
• The causes of hypercalcaemia
• Mechanisms of oesteomalacia
 Hyperparathyroidism, both primary and secondary
 The differentiation of primary, secondary and pseudo-hypoparathyroidism
 The differentiation of primary, secondary and pseudo-hypoparathyroidism
 The prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis
 Calcitonin and its role in metabolism
Diabetes mellitus
o Detailed knowledge is required.
43
o Control of carbohydrate metabolism
o Genetics of diabetes
o Aetiology of type I diabetes and type 2 diabetes
o Long-term complications of diabetes
o Management of diabetic emergencies
o Differential diagnosis and treatment of hypoglycaemia
 Disorders of lipid metabolism

o Importance of this group disorder
o Control of cholesterol metabolism
o Aetiology of different types of hyperlipidaemia including both choles-
terol and triglyceride disorders
o Indications for lipid lowering agents and their complications
o Types of secondary hyperlipidaemia
Nephrology
 Physiology
o Discrete functions of Glomerular ultrafiltration and tubular function
o Proximal and distal parts of the nephron, with particular reference to con-
trol of water and electrolyte balance
o Renal tubular acidosis
o Cystinuria
o Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-balance disturbances
 Molecular biology and genetics
o Genetic defects of common disorders including:

• Polycystic kidney
• Alport's syndrome
• Hypophosphataemic rickets
• Inflammatory injury of the kidney mediated by various cy-
• tokines factors
 Glomerular and tubular disorders
o Glomerular ultra structure based upon techniques of light microscopy,
electron microscopy and immunofluorescence as applied to renal biopsy
o Primary Glomerular disorders as in idiopathic glomerulonephritis, and
nephropathies of systemic diseases
o Diabetes mellitus
o SLE
o Hypertensive nephrosclerosis
o Vasculitis
o Amyloidosis
o Interstitial nephritis, in particular vase s with reversible aetiology such as
drug, heavy metals and analgesics
o Metabolic sequelae of acute nephrotic and nephritic syndromes
44
o Investigation and assessment of Glomerular and tubular disorders, includ-
ing ultrasonic studies and nuclear medicine
o Disturbed renal and metabolic functions in nephritic syndrome from a
variety of causes
 Infections of the kidney
o Management of urinary tract infections including their detention, predis-
posing factors, prevention, and treatment
o Anatomical abnormalities leading to repeated urinary tract infection
o Reflux nephropathy
o Prostatic hypertrophy
o Other infections that might affect the kidney by direct invasion or by im-
mune-complex deposition
 Calculus formation within the urinary tract

• Metabolic disorders predisposing to stone formation, their investiga-
tion, prevention and treatment
• Idiopathic hypercalciuria
• Primary Hyperparathyroidism
• Cystinuria
• Hyperoxaluria • Acute and chronic renal failure
• Management of acute and chronic renal failure and of disturbed
physiology involved
• Pathophysiological changes and non-dialytic treatment in different
stages of progressive renal failure
• Principle of nutritional requirements and diatery intervention for pa-
tients with chronic renal failure
• Other therapeutic means to slow down the progression of renal failure
 Hypertension and renal problems in pregnancy
o Renal adaptation to pregnancy
o Management and prophylaxis of renal disease and hypertension in preg-
nancy
 Drug and the kidney
o Role of the kidney in the normal elimination of drugs
o Mechanisms by which drugs cause nephrotoxic damage
o Principle of dose adjustment according to residual renal function
 Renal replacement therapy
o Different dialysis modalities and their complications
o Complications related to immunosuppressive therapy following renal
transplantation
Dermatology
 Basic science
o Structure and function of the epidermis and dermis
 Clinical dermatology
o Recognition of cutaneous symptoms and signs of systemic diseases (dis-
eases affecting internal organs and presenting skin signs or symptoms)
45
o Collagen vascular disease such as SLE, systemic sclerosis
o Metabolic and endocrine disorders
o Infectious diseases
o Cancers
o Leukaemias
o Respiratory and cardiovascular diseases
o Common inherited diseases such as neurofibromatosis
o Main dermatological complications of therapeutic immunosuppression
(ex: systemic corticosteroid therapy, cyclosporin…) or of diseases such
as HIV which cause immunosuppression
o Differential diagnosis and plan of investigation of patients whom, present
with the following cutaneous signs or symptoms which may indicate in-
ternal diseases:
 Itch
 Hyperpigmentation
 Generalised erythema
 Loss of hair
 Increased hair growth
 Common patterns of nail dystrophy such as clubbing
 Erythema nodosum
 Erythema multiform
 Purpura
 Ulceration
 Vasculitis
o Clinical features of the following skin diseases:
 Psoriasis
 Eczema
 Urticaria
 Superficial fungal infections (dermatophytosis, pityriasis versicolor)
 Common skin cancers such as melanoma
 Vitiligo and alopecia areata
 Pemphigus and pemphigold
 Cutaneous herpes virus infections (herpes simplex, varicella zoster)
 Cutaneous staphylococcal and streptococcal infections
 Leprosy
 Investigation
o Principles of dermatological investigation such as patch testing
 Drugs and therapy
o Drugs which cause life-threatening skin conditions such as
 Erythroderma
 Stevens-Johnson syndrome,
 Angio-oedema
 Toxic epidermal necrolysis
46
Academic Requirement for Year I, II and III
Practice tests will be conducted once in every two weeks preferably on weekends. Each test
containing 50 questions in “best of five” format will be of 60 minutes’ duration. The questions will
usually have a clinical scenario, may include the results of investigations and may be illustrated with
images such as clinical photographs, pathology slides, inheritance trees, ECGs, X-rays, CT and MR
scans, and echocardiograms. Questions are also asked about the diagnosis, investigation,
management, and prognosis of patients.
Students must ensure that they have 60 minutes undisturbed circumferential to attempt the test. It will
be an online examination. The answer along with its explanation will be posted in the LMS for your
reference once the test is completed.
Practice Clinical Examination (OSCE)
Practice clinical tests will start from the sixth month and will be held once in two months. The clinical
examination will follow an OSCE style format. Each student will be allotted one patient wherein they
will be assessed on the following tasks:
1. History-taking skills:
1. Gather data from the patient,
2. Construct a differential diagnosis,
3. Deal with concerns the patient may have.
4. Construct a management plan that is explained to the patient clearly, and to treat the
patient with dignity and respect.
2. Physical Examination skills:
1. Demonstrate comprehensive and correct physical examination technique
2. Ability to detect physical signs
3. Ability to construct a differential diagnosis
4. Ability to suggest sensible and appropriate treatment and investigation plans
5. Ability to treat a patient with dignity and respect.
3. Communication skills and ethics:

1. Guide and organise the interview with the subject (who may be a patient, relative, or
surrogate, such as a health care worker)
2. Explain clinical information
47
3. Apply clinical knowledge, including knowledge of ethics, to the management of the
case or situation
4. Provide emotional support
5. Treat the patient with dignity and respect.
4. Integrated clinical assessment skills:
Ability of the candidate to approach a clinical problem in an integrated manner, using

history-taking, examination, and communication with the patient.
Required Books
Essential Revision Notes for MRCP-4th edition by Phillip Kalra
Recommended Books
MRCP PART 1 (Theory):
1.MCQs in the Basic Sciences for the MRCP Part I Paperback– September 1998 by
S.Elborn (Author),R. Evans (Author)
2. MRCP-1 Best of Five Practice Papers by Dr Khalid Bynimin
3. MRCP-1 Basic Medical Sciences Best of Five Question-Answers by Professor Philippa
Easterbrook
4. MRCP-1 Best of Five Pocket-Book-1-3ed
5. MRCP-1-Best-of-Five-Pocket-Book-2-3ed
8. MRCP Part 1
9. MRCP 1 New Multiple Choice "Best of Five" Revision Book by K. Binymin
10. Get Through MRCP Part 1: 1000 MCQs and Best of Fives Paperback– 25 Sep 2002 by Dr
Una F. Coales MD FRCS FRCSOto DRCOG DFFP(Author),Dr Eric Beck FRCP(Author)
11. MCQ's for MRCP Part 1: General Medicine, 3rd Edition By Michael J. Ford MD
FRCPE(Author),Ian B. Wilkinson BM BCh MA MRCP(Author)
48
MRCP PART 2 (Theory):
12. MRCP Part 2:Best of Five Illustrated Questions and Answers, Part 2 by Huw Beynon,Luke
Gompels
13. Rapid Review of Clinical Medicine for MRCP Part 2, Second Edition: Pt. 2 (Medical Rapid
Review Series) paperbacks by Sanjay Sharma (Author), Rashmi Kaushal
14. 100 Plus Diseases for the MRCP Part 2 (MRCP Study Guides)
15. MRCP Part 2: Best of Five Clinical Questions and Answers, 3rd Edition Paperback – 23 Jan
2008 by Huw Beynon (Author), Luke Gompels (Author), Rapti Mediwake (Author)
16. Complete Data Interpretation for the MRCP, 1e (MRCP Study Guides) Paperback – 2 May
2001 by Steven Hughes (Author)
17. MRCP Part 2: 450 BOFs (Paperback) Carolyn Allen,Suzanne Forbes,David Hunt,Heather
Lewis,Ravi Menon,Luke Moore
18. Self-assessment for the MRCP Part 2 Written Paper: Volume 3 Data Interpretation, Volume 3
Narinder Bajaj,Balwinder Bajaj,Karim Meeran,Huw Beynon
19. A Guide to the MRCP Part 2 Written Paper 2Ed By Anthony Warrens, Malcolm Persey,
Michael Fertleman, Stephen Powis
49
APPENDIX – II
50
Formats of Academic Report
1. Log Book
Clinical Procedures/Operations Assisted
STUDENT NAME
SPECIALIZATION
BATCH
MODULE/SEMESTER
YEAR OF STUDY
HOSPITAL/CLINIC NAME
Note: Kindly enter the relevant category from the below list while filling the log book
No Category No Category
1 Clinics attended 2 Case Presentation
3 Intravenous Lines 4 Venipunctures
5 Blood Sugar Measurements 6 Nasogastric tubes
7 Foley’s Catheterizations 8 Rectal Examinations
9 Funduscopies 10 12-lead ECGs and analyze 11 Lumbar
11 Paracentesis 12 Pre- and Post HIV counseling and testing
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and Bag and Mask
13 Arterial puncture for ABG analysis 14
ventilation (BLS procedure)
Able to do/observe biopsy (liver biopsy, bone Usage of LMA (Laryngeal mask airway) and usage
15 16
marrow and pleural biopsy) under supervision of other airway devices/masks/nebulizers
Usage of AED – automated electrical
Usage of Endotracheal intubation (ACLS
17 defibrillator (Advanced cardiac life support 18
procedure)
– ACLS procedure)
Usage of mechanical ventilator (ICU/ACLS
19 20 Usage of peak flow meter and/or spirometry
procedure)
Able to do CVP (central venous pressure) Able to do emergency ultrasound/echocardiography
21 22
line placement under supervision under supervision
51
Case 1
Diagnosis (Diagnosis should be explained briefly)
S. No Date Patient Name O/A/PS
Case 2
S. No Date Patient Name Diagnosis (Diagnosis should be explained briefly) O/A/PS
Case 3

52
Case 4
Case 5
This is to certify that the student has Observed/Assisted/Performed under supervision the above procedures.
HOD Signature
O=Observed A=Assisted PS= Performed under supervision
53
2. Case Study Reports
STUDENT NAME
SPECIALIZATION
BATCH
MODULE/SEMESTER
YEAR OF STUDY
PROGRAM ADVISER
CRITERIA MARKS
MARKS
Abstract 5
History 15
Examination 15
Diagnosis / Differential diagnosis 15
Investigations and interventions 15
Treatment 10
Discussion 15
Conclusion 5
References 5
TOTAL MARKS 100
Program Adviser Comments:
54
Title of the Case
ABSTRACT -
Marks out of 5
A statement of the content of a case– 100 words
HISTORY
Marks out of
Lists events which actually occurred in the form of a structured or semi- structured 15
questionnaire– 150 words
EXAMINATION
Marks out of
Objectively evaluate the present condition of the patient 15
Demonstrate if the events affected the patient directly or indirectly – 150words
DIAGNOSIS / DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Marks out of
The identification of the nature of an illnessordifferentiatingbetween2ormore conditions 15
which share similar signs and symptoms – 50words
INVESTIGATIONS AND INTERVENTIONS Marks out of
15
Outcome or course especially of a condition or process- 100words
TREATMENT Marks out of
10
Medical care given to a patient for an illness or injury
DISCUSSION Marks out of
15
A brief statement or account of the main points of Article, cases, topics
CONCLUSION Marks out of 5
REFERENCES
Detail the list of books referred as per the standard APA format. Check link for Marks out of 5
reference -
http://courses.semo.edu/library/infolit/apastyle_articles.htm
55
3. Article Review
General Instructions:
 The article review must be submitted in the format given below. The report not in the
prescribed format will not be accepted.
 The article must be reviewed by yourself. There should not be any plagiarism.
 Number of words for each section in clearly mentioned in the format. Submit the report
accordingly.
 If any section is not applicable, kindly mention it below the particular section.
 It is mandatory to submit the original article along with the article review.
 Marks split up for each section of the article review is clearly given below for your
Reference.
STUDENT NAME
SPECIALIZATION
BATCH
MODULE/SEMESTER
YEAR OF STUDY
Article Review Evaluation Criteria
Criteria Marks Split up Marks
Format
Introduction 10
Review of Literature 20
Research Methodology 30
Article Summary 20
Conclusion 20
Total Score 100
56
Source - Mention the complete reference details from where the journal article has been taken as per the
standard APA format. Check link for reference -
http://courses.semo.edu/library/infolit/apastyle_articles.htm
Introduction – Give a brief introduction about the areas about the areas on which you are Marks out of
going to review the article in 200 to 250 words 10
Review of Literature-300 to 350 words - Critically analyse the review of literature - whether
pertinent to the research topic, findings obtained by other researchers, whether current
Marks out of
knowledge and recent advances in the field have been considered and methodological
20
contributions to a particular topic.
Research Methodology - Write a review on the presentation and format of the content,
Marks out of
whether easy or difficult to read and understand and why in about 250 to 300 words.
30
Article Summary - Give a summary of the article in 200 to 250 words. Marks out of
20
Conclusion - Give your conclusion about the article and suggestions if any – 200 to 250
Marks out of
words.
20
57
4. Thesis Undertaking Letter
I, Dr. ______________________would like to undertake as under:
That, the research work would be embodied in the thesis entitled ________________________shall
be my original work to be carried out under the guidance of Supervisor (s).
That, in the event the above subject of my thesis is approved by university, I shall not publish or
submit it anywhere else without the permission of the university.
Name of the Student :
Signature :
Date :
58
5. Thesis Proposal Format
Name of the Student
Program
Specialization
Thesis Guide
Particulars of Thesis Subject:
i. Name of the topic :
ii. Name of the Supervisor (s) :
iii. Name of the Co-Supervisor(s), if any :
iv. Brief Introduction :
v. Brief Review of relevant literature :
vi. Lacunae in the existing literature :
vii. Brief materials and methods :
viii. Brief discussion :
ix. Expected results :
x. Summary of expected conclusions :
xi. References :
Note: The write-up should be typed on A-4 sized paper in double spacing maximum of 2000
words.
59
6. Thesis Flow Chart
60
ANNEXURE – I
(Sample Reports)
61
CASE REPORT -SAMPLE
Name of the student :
Specialization :
Clinical Site :
Year of Study :
ABSTRACT:
This is a case studied in 12 yr old boy who was admitted to male medical ward of KEM hospital pune,
Maharashtra, india with complaints of swelling over face and was later diagnosed as ACUTE
NEPHRITIC SYNDROME . His mother 1st noticed acute onset puffiness of her son’s face in the
morning after getting up from bed. He had complains of oliguria and hematuria on same day. He gave
history of generalised itching over his body 3 weeks back which was probably due to scabies
infection. No We streptococcal infection in past. Patient was managed with best of our abilities and
was discharged in stable and satisfactory condition.
HISTORY
IDENTIFICATION:
NAME- Rahul jain
Age / sex — 12yr / male
Address — Somyar peth , Pune , Maharashtra
CHIEF COMPLAINTS:
Swelling over face , fever with headache and malaise, decreased urine output ,red coloured urine and
generalised weakness since 4 days prior to admission.
HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS:
12 yr old male not a known case of any illness presented with swelling of his face which was noticed
by his mother 4 days prior to admission in the morning after getting up from bed. He complained of
oliguria and hematuria from the same day. Patient had low grade fever in initial phases with
anorexia ,headache and malaise but there was no h/o vomiting .No complaints of respiratory
distress,convulsions or anuria. He did not complained of any burning micturition.
62
PAST HISTORY:
H/O Generalised itching for last 3 weeks which was due to scabies infection.
No H/O any sore throat 1-2 weeks back.
FAMILY HISTORY:
No evidence of any major illness running in family. No drug history ,no addictions and patient is class
8 student.
EXAMINATION:
General:
Face is pale ,puffy(nephritic facies). Swelling more in eyelids leading to narrowing of palpebrai
fissure. Pitting pedal edema +. Afebrile ,no lcterus, no cyanosis, no clubbing ,no enlarged lymph
nodes.
Vitals:
Temperature 1000F
BP 150/80 mm of hg
Pulse 94/min & regular
Respiratory rate 18/min
Chest:
On inspection chest wall is symmetrical, apical pulse located in 4th left ICS Zcm left of mid
clavicular line. On percussion cardiac dullness and resonant note over chest. On auscultation over
chest Bilateral air entry present, bilateral fine basal crepitations , absence of hydrothorax (to
differentiate it from nephritic syndrome).
CVS: JVP Normal,Sl $2 heard, Loud A2, Mitral systolic murmur present (functional murmur due to
LV dilatation). Gallop rhythym present.
CNS: Patient conscious , alert, well oriented. Fundus normal.
URINARY bladder percussed but no dullness felt, no signs of retention.
63
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:
Acute nephritic syndrome
Angioneurotic edema- as patient has itchy swelling of eyelids.
Acute pyelonephritis- as patient has fever with chills and rigors
Nephrotic syndrome
Acute exacerbation of chronic nephritis.
As per clinical features it looks more in favour of nephritic syndrome. Now to confirm it some lab
tests needs to be done.
INVESTIGATIONS:
URINE routine:
Smoky urine, 300ml in 24 hrs , high specific gravityldue to increased tubular reabsorption, moderate
albuminuria , rbc seen in urine , rbc cast , epithelial cell and cast. (RBC CAST lS DIAGNOSTIC OF
ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS). Urine was sterile on culture.
BLOOD:
Hb 8.0gm/dl (Anemia)
Tlc -13000
Raised ESR AND Hypocomplementaenia c3 & c4
Renal function test- urea 78, creat 1.5 , diminished GFR.
Normal cholesterol levels (differentiates from nephrotic syndrome)
Chest x ray was normal.
Cultures of swab from infected skin was suggestive of group A beta hemolyitc streptococci 3 weeks
prior to admission.
TREATMENT:
1) Strict bed rest - until signs of inflammation and circulatory congestion subsidesl i.e disappearance
of edema , oliguria , hematuria , hypertension , high blood urea and RBC cast in urine)
64
2) Diet - mainly carbohydrate diet was preferred. As oliguria is present 0.5mg/kg/day of protein was
given.
3) Salt and water balance-salt free food was given. The fluid intake is restricted to previous days
output + 500ml of fluid
4) Diuretics - tab frusemide 40mg od to relieve edema and hypertension.
5) Antihypertensives (nifedepine 10mg ) was given in this patient.
6) Intravenous antibiotics given for 7 days.(penicillins).
7) Other supportives like proton pump inhibitor , multivitamins were added to treatment sheet.
DISCUSSION:
This was a 12yr male patient who came with swelling over face 5 days prior to admission. His BP was
above the optimal level. Clinical features along with support of lab investigations diagnosis of acute
nephritic syndrome. Here there is inflammation In glomerulus due to which gfr decreases and urine
output is decreased. Fortunately this patient did not developed complications. Complications of acute
nephritis includes acute renal failure which includes severe oliguria to anuria, drowsiness ,
hypertension,acidotic breathing and renal parameters abnormally high with acidosis. Other
complication could be hypertensive encephalopathy and acute left ventricular’ failure.
All above complications have poor prognosis. This patient was managed conservatively . On diuretics
his pedal edema got settled. Urine output was better after few days of hospital stay and there were no
fever spikes which was present in earlier days of admission). Patient was discharged in stable and
satisfactory condition. Complete recovery of acute nephritis in 8096 children and in 5096 adults.
Complications occur in 596 of cases with acute nephritis. 1096 of cases live with persistent
proteinuria and hematuria for long periods.
CONCLUSION:
This was a case of acute glomerulonephritis which is also known as acute nephritis, acute
glomerulonephritis or acute nephritis syndrome. Whenever such cases come to us we must always
measure BP and examine for phimosis, scabies infection and swelling of tonsils (whlch was done in
this patient). Urinary bladder should be percussed for any retention of urine. We must not forget to
test urine for both protein and sugar and colour of urine in acute nephritis would be red ,smoky or
cocacola urine.
65
REFERENCES:
Harrison's principles of internal medicine 19“ edition
Allagappan manual
Medscape
66
ARTICLE REVIEW -SAMPLE
Specialization :
Clinical Site :
Year of Study :
SOURCE:
MN Oxman et al. A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. The
New England Journal of Medicine 352(22):2271-84 (2005).
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
The Shingles Prevention Study, conducted over 5 years, was led by the Department of Veterans
Affairs (VA) and carried out in collaboration with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and Merck & Co., Inc.
(Whitehouse Station, NJ).It was one of the largest clinical research trials ever in which researchers
found that that an experimental vaccine against shingles (zoster vaccine) prevented about half of cases
of shingles—a painful nerve and skin infection--and dramatically reduced its severity and
complications in vaccinated persons who got the disease. The findings appear in the June 2 issue of
The New England Journal of Medicine.
INTRODUCTION:
Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is caused by reactivation of the virus that causes chickenpox.
Once chickenpox infection has run its course, the virus is not eliminated; rather, it retreats to clusters
of sensory nerve cells usually located near the spinal cord, where the virus persists in a dormant state.
As immunity weakens with advancing age, the virus can reactivate, multiply in and damage sensory
nerve cells to cause pain. It then migrates to the skin, causing the blistering rash of shingles.
Generally, shingles first manifests as pain, itching or tingling in an area of skin on one side of the
body or face. Then a painful blistering rash develops in that same area of skin; the rash can take two
to four weeks to heal.
ARTICLE SUMMARY:
This article highlights the trial that was conducted at 22 study sites nationwide, including 16 VA
medical centers and six clinical research sites outside the VA system coordinated through NIAID.
67
Between November 1998 and September 2001, the multicenter research team enrolled more than
38,500 men and women age 60 or older into the study. Half of the participants received a single
injection of the zoster vaccine--a live, weakened form of varicella-zoster virus, the virus responsible
for chickenpox; the other half received a placebo vaccine. Neither the researchers nor the participants
knew who received vaccine and who received placebo until after the study was over. The zoster
vaccine used in the study, manufactured by Merck, is a new, more potent version of the chickenpox
vaccine used to prevent chickenpox in millions of American children every year since 1995. The
zoster vaccine was developed specifically for study in older adults.
ARTICLE STRUCTURE:
The article begins with a structured abstract which briefly gives us the overview of the entire study.
The article is subdivided into 4 subheading of background, methods, results and discussion. The
article is divided into easy to interpret short paragraphs. It explains how effective the zoster vaccine
is.The methodology is explained in detail and there is a proper understanding of how the study was
conducted. The result section is also precise with details like the particle size found to be risky being
highlighted. The article also gives future directions for research after describing its own limitations.
AUTHORITY:
The study results are published in the June 2, 2005 issue of The New England Journal of Medicine.
The article has high visibility due to its open access status. It also has a ‘open peer review’ policy
which means that the prepublication history including the reviewer reports and authors’ responses are
available online. The credibility of the first author is also very well established. Dr. Michael Oxman is
an infectious disease specialist in San Diego, California and is affiliated with VA San Diego Hospital.
He received his medical degree from Harvard Medical School and has been in practice for more than
20 years. He is one of 17 doctors at VA San Diego Hospital who specialize in Infectious Disease.
ACCURACY:
The article is the culmination of a research project conducted by the authors. The references cited by
this article are comprehensive, with the information cited by present article in context of the
references being accurate. Also, the journal in which this article is published has a strict and
transparent peer review process which has also added to the accuracy of the article.
PERIOD:
Data was collected over a 5 year study and the results were published on June 2 , 2005 issue of the
New England
68
JOURNAL OF MEDICINE.
RELEVANCY:
The article is aptly titled since one can deduce from the title that the present article evaluates the
importance of vaccination against zoster. Also, the journal specifically caters to medical research
community updating the readers on medical research, training and practice.
OBJECTIVITY:
The present article clearly defines the lacuna of knowledge which prompted the author to design their
present study. All the precautions like the ethics committee approval, taking informed consent from
the study participants increase the objectivity of the article. Thus the information in the article is
developed objectively.
STABILITY:
The article is published in a subject specific journal of good repute. All the articles are easily available
in this journal. Thus the database from which the article can be downloaded is stable as a resource.
Analysis of graph/image table : NAD
Recent advances related to the topic : NAD
CONCLUSION:
The article is very well written with the authors being clear in their objective from the outset. The
study concludes that the zoster vaccine was tested only as a preventive therapy and is not intended as
a treatment for those who already have shingles or postherpetic neuralgia. On April 25, Merck
announced that it had submitted a license application to the Food and Drug Administration for the
zoster vaccine. If approved for use, the research team estimates the vaccine could prevent 250,000
cases of shingles that occur in the United States each year and significantly reduce the severity of the
disease in another 250,000 cases annually.
REFERENCE:
1. MN Oxman et al. A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. The
New England Journal of Medicine 352(22):2271-84 (2005).
2. http://www.doctorslounge.com/dermatology/articles/shingles_vaccine/ind ex.htm
69
LOG BOOK - SAMPLE
Specialization :
Clinical Site :
Year of Study :
Case 1

Patient Name Diagnosis (Diagnosis should be

explained briefly) 0/A/PS Mr. S Ashok Chroniuc
Mr.Ashok
kidney disease with elevated creatinine Patient also O
1 22/10/2016 Male
has hypertension Type2 Diabetes Melitus ABG
Age 56
Moderate LV dysfuniction Coronary artery disease
Hypothyroidism .
Case 2
Mr.Jamaluddin Hypogylcemia with diabetes melites

Syed khaja O
2 23/10/2016
Male GRBS was 45mg/dl ECG
Age 55 Patient also has chronic pancreatitis
70
Case 3

Mr.Shabhaz
Polytrauma patient with rhabdomylosis and
Hussain O
3 24/10/2016 anemia presenting with acute kidney injury.
Male Blood transfusion
Patient also known case for Schizophrenia
Age 26
Case 4
Mr.Manohar Rao Patient presented with upper GI b;eed anemia.

O
4 25/10/2016 Male He is also known case of Hypertension
Arterial blood gas
Age 64 Coronary heart disease and alchoholic liver disease
Case 5
Patient came with subacute obstruction with

Ms.Zarina Lakhsmi O
history of constipation.
5 25/10/2016 Female ABG
Patient was diagonized with acute kidney injury
Age 61 ECG
and is also a known hypertensive.
This is to certify that the student has Observed/Assisted/Performed under supervision the above
procedures.
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ANNEXURE – I
(Thesis Format Guidelines)
72
GUYANA
GUIDELINES FOR THESIS PREPARATION
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 3
ORDER OF CONTENTS........................................................................................................................ 4
COVER PAGE AND INSIDE TITLE PAGE.................................................................................................. 5
CERTIFICATE....................................................................................................................................... 7
DECLARATION.................................................................................................................................... 8
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...................................................................................................................... 10
DEDICATIONS................................................................................................................................... 12
ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................................... 13
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................................................ 14
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS................................................................................................................. 15
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................ 17
SAMPLE........................................................................................................................................... 17
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY................................................................................................................ 18
HYPOTHESIS..................................................................................................................................... 19
REVIEW OF LITERATURE................................................................................................................... 21
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY –TOOLS & TECHNIQUES........................................................................... 23
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION............................................................................................................... 25
SUMMARY....................................................................................................................................... 28
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................... 30
CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE...................................................................................................... 31
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 34
SUGGESTION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH............................................................................................... 36
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................... 34
APPENDIX........................................................................................................................................ 37
COPIES OF PUBLICATIONS ATTACHED................................................................................................. 38
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INTRODUCTION
This document is intended to provide a set of specific and uniform guidelines for the
preparation of the thesis. It is also imperative that the thesis, be acceptable by the University,
should essentially meet a uniform format emphasizing readability, concordance with ethical
standards and University-wide homogeneity. For the convenience of the reader the Guidelines
are separated into various parts for easy understanding.
This document also provides the working templates for the students for better
understanding and also they can use the same format in their thesis with necessary corrections or
alterations where ever needed.
In preparation of the thesis or dissertation the researcher is expected to have novelty,

originality in the research carried and also in expressing them in documentation process.
Plagiarism is highly offended and is subjected to disqualification of the award of the degree.
Plagiarism is usually defined as copying or paraphrasing from others without reference to the
source. Plagiarism in a thesis is completely unacceptable. Plagiarism an act or instance of using
or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization and the
representation of that author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the original author.
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ORDER OF CONTENTS
The thesis has to be organized in the following order:
1. Cover Page
2. Inside Title Page
3. Certificate signed by the Supervisor(s) (in the stipulated

format)
4. Declaration signed by the Candidate (in the stipulated

format)
5. Acknowledgements
6. Dedications (if any)
7. Abbreviations (if any)
8. Table of Contents
9. Introduction
10. Review of Literature
11. Research Methodology –Tools & Techiniques
12. Results and Discussion
13. Summary
14. Conclusion
15. Contribution to knowledge
16. Limitations of the study
17. Suggestion for Future Research
18. References
19. Appendix (if any)

20. Copies of Publications attached
Each of the items should start on an odd page i.e., on the right side.
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COVER PAGE AND INSIDE TITLE PAGE
DESCRIPTION
The cover page and the inside title page embosses the title along with the name of the student
along with Registration number, name of the guide and the University registered along with
the university logo aligned to the centre.
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SAMPLE
EVIDENCE FOR A TYPE THREE SECRETION SYSTEM ENCODING
ascU GENE IN Aeromonas hydrophila ISOLATED FROM HUMAN
DIARRHOEAL SAMPLES
DISSERTATION Submitted
to Texila American University
in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of
Master of Medical Science
In
ORTHOPEDICS
Submitted by
Dr. ANUPAMA, P. R.
[Registration No: ]
Under the Guidance of

Dr. R. SAMPOORNAM, MBBS., MS., MRCS., Ph. D.

GUYANA
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CERTIFICATE
Description
 The certificate is the proof from the research guide stating that the research work was
originally carried out by the researcher under his guidance.
 It bears the Original plagiarism report
 It bears the original signature of the guide along with the seal.
 The certificate should also be undersigned by the co-guide if any along with the seal.
This is to certify that the thesis, entitled “Title of the Thesis” submitted to the
Texila American University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
Degree of Master of Medical Science in Specialization is a record of original research
work done by [Name of the candidate] [Registration No:], under my/our supervision
and guidance and the thesis has not formed the basis for the award of any Degree /
Diploma / Associateship / Fellowship or other similar title to any candidate of any
University.
[Signature of the Mentor with Seal]
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DECLARATION
Description
 The declaration is the statement of acceptance from the researcher, that the research
work carried out by him is an originally research work carried out under the guidance of the
guide.
 The declaration has to be originally signed by the researcher.
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DECLARATION
I, …………….. declare that this thesis entitled [Title of the Thesis] submitted in
partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Medical Science is a record of original
work carried out by me under the supervision of [Name(s) of the Supervisor(s)], and has
not formed the basis for the award of any other degree or diploma, in this or any other
Institution or University. In keeping with the ethical practice in reporting scientific
information, due acknowledgements have been made wherever the findings of others
have been cited.
[Signature]
[Name of the candidate]
[Date]
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Description
 This is the statement given by the researched showing his gratitude to

others
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
All acknowledgements are included here. Please restrict the contents of your
Acknowledgement to two pages. The name of the candidate shall appear at the end , without
signature.
I take this opportunity to thank Dr. K. S. Das Gupta, Director -IIST, Dr. V. Adimurthy, Dean
R &D, Research Committee members, member secretary, members of Thesis guidelines formulation
committee and the research scholars who helped in preparing this guideline.
I extend my sincere thanks to one and all of IIST faculty for the completion of this
document on the thesis format guidelines
[Name of the Candidate]
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DEDICATIONS
Description
 A note prefixed by the researcher to someone in token of affection or esteem.
 This is not mandatory.
THIS DISSERTATION IS
DEDICATED TO MY BELOVED WIFE
AND MY FAMILY
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ABBREVIATIONS
Instructions
 The researcher can use abbreviation i.e., a short form of a word or phrase.
 The abbreviations used should be common throughout the thesis.
 This can be used only if Abbreviations are used.
 Utmost care should be taken by the research scholar while using technical
abbreviations. The abbreviations should be listed in alphabetical order as shown below as
example.
AFM - Atomic Force Microscopy
BBB - Blood Brain Barrier
CNT - Carbon Nanotube
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Description
 Table of Contents, usually headed simply "Contents" is a list of the parts of a

document organized in the order in which the parts appear.
 The contents usually includes the titles or descriptions of the first-level headers,
such as chapter titles in longer works, and often includes second-level or section titles within
the chapters as well, and occasionally even third-level titles.
 The depth of detail in tables of contents depends on the length of the work, with
longer works having less.
SAMPLE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NUMBER

1 INTRODUCTION
2 PLAGIARISM REPORT (ORIGINAL)
3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY-TOOLS AND
4 TECHNIQUES
5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6 SUMMARY
7 CONCLUSION
8 CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE
9 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
10 SUGGESTION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
11 REFERENCES
12 APPENDIX (IF ANY)
COPIES OF PUBLICATIONS ATTACHED
13
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GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Thesis Size
Ideally a thesis may contain 40-50 pages.
Paper Size
Use A4 size paper [Usually 8.27 inches (210 mm) wide and 11.69 inches (297 mm) long].
Paper Quality
White bond paper should be used (Royal Executive Bond Paper or any other bond paper with
good quality). Essentially, the same quality of paper should be used throughout. Photographs or
images with dense colors are to be printed in single side on glossy paper with transparency cover.
Margins
Margin space of 1.3” (1.3 inches) (3.3 cm / 33 mm) is to be provided on LEFT side and 1 “
(1 inch) (2.54 cm / 25.4 mm) on the RIGHT side and also for the TOP and BOTTOM
margins respectively. No print matter should appear in the margin except the page numbers.
All page numbers should be centered inside the bottom margin.
References
Model AAB could regulate the control unit more efficiently (Ram et al., 2005b) ….” while given
in brackets.
Page Numbering
Page numbers for the prefacing materials (Inside title page, dedication, certificate, declaration,
acknowledgements, abstract, table of contents, etc.) of the thesis shall be in small Roman
Numerals and should be centered at the bottom of the pages. The numbering of the prefacing
material starts from the Inside Title Page. However, the number is not printed on the Inside Title
Page. Each new item of the prefacing materials listed above should start on a fresh paper on right
page. The page numbers of the prefacing material will be printed in small Roman numerals
continuously counting blank pages also. However, the numbers are not printed on the blank
pages.
The body of the thesis starting from Chapter 1 should be paginated in numerals and
should be centered at the bottom of the pages. The pagination should start with the first page of
Chapter 1 and should continue throughout rest of the thesis. However, the page number is not
printed on the blank pages.
Printing
Printing of all material in general should be single sided in black ink with exceptions for
photographs, graphs (if any).
Non-Paper Material
A thesis may contain non-paper material, such as CDs and DVDs, if necessary. They have to be
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accommodated in a closed pocket in the back cover page of the thesis. The inclusion of non-
paper materials must be indicated in the Table of Contents. All non-paper materials must have a
label each clearly indicating the name of the candidate, student code number and the date of
submission.
Binding
Totally Five copies (5 numbers) of the thesis should be prepared and submitted for both
evaluation and archival purposes.
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INTRODUCTION
Description
 The thesis should normally begin with a general introduction presenting an overview of
the purpose and significance of the study.
 Introduction gives the background and provides the rationale of the study, moving from
general to specific.
 This is done by establishing a research area and establishing a gap in that area.
 The introduction should show why the topic selected is worth investigating. This will
normally be done with reference to existing research, identifying areas that have not been
explored, need to be explored further or where new research findings justify a
reconsideration of established knowledge.
Instructions
 Times New Roman (TNR) font with a font size of 14 and double line spacing should be
used throughout the running text.
 Exceptions for heading are allowed.
 The line spacing in the main text should be 1.5. Single line spacing should be given for
quotations, abstract, figure captions, table captions, figure legends, footnotes, and
references.
 Two consecutive paragraphs should be separated by double line spacing.
SAMPLE
Standing at this new millenium, it is fascinating to note that a number of exotic
infections unknown previously have made an appearance in the global disease scenario
and many infectious diseases are emerging and becoming serious global concern. Among
the infections of the gastrointestinal tract, the severe diarrhoeal scourge accounts for
excruciating number of deaths in several parts of the world, particularly in developing
countries (Guarrant et al., 1990). Among them, bacteria represent approximately 61 %
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having ability to cause diarrhoea (Gascon et al., 1993). Of the diarrhoeagenic bacteria E.
coli, Vibrio and Shigella spp. are most common and extensively studied, followed by
Salmonella and Aeromonas.
Over the last few years, the interest on Aeromonas species has gone beyond the
boundaries of fish pathology; this is due to the increase of disease that is caused by these
agents in man, as they can often act as opportunistic pathogens in ipoergic individuals, or
in patients with chronic and weakening diseases (Janda, 1991). Only in recent years, the
clinical importance of motile aeromonads have been recognized and implicated in clinical
cases of diarrhoea, where they have been isolated as the sole pathogen (Janda and Abbott,
1998; Isonhood and Drake, 2002).
A. hydrophila is commonly found in wide range of aquatic system and foods.
Strains belonging to the genus Aeromonas have been isolated from lakes, rivers, drinking
water and a variety of foods (Buchanan and Palumbo, 1985). The growth potential of A.
hydrophila in drinking water and food with low concentration of organic compounds is
well established (vander Kooij and Hijnen, 1988). It has been isolated from chlorinated
drinking water, which seems less sensible to chlorine compared to coliforms (Chamorey
et al., 1999). Aeromonas associated diarrhoea has a distinct seasonal pattern with a sharp
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of the present investigation was to find out the incidence of A.
hydrophila in children diarrhoeal samples and to identify the cytotoxin virulent (act) gene
responsible for diarrhoea. The present study was planned as given below:
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1. Incidence of diarrhoeagenic bacteria and A. hydrophila in children
diarrhoeal stool samples,
2. Assessment of multiple antimicrobial resistant patterns of diarrhoeal

isolates of
A. hydrophila,
3. Determining the putative virulence factors such as haemolysin,

protease, DNase,
slime, cytotoxic activity and serum resistance of diarrhoeal isolates of
A. hydrophila,
4. Identification of the virulence gene (act) using PCR methods, which is
responsible for cytolytic enterotoxin (Act) and
5. Molecular typing of selected haemolytic strains of A. hydrophila using
outer membrane proteins (OMPs), lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), random
amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR and enterobacterial
repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (ERIC) PCR to assess their genetic
diversity.
91
HYPOTHESIS
Description
 A hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or

more variables. A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to
happen in your study.
 For example, a study designed to look at the relationship between sleep
deprivation and test performance might have a hypothesis that states, "This study is
designed to assess the hypothesis that sleep deprived people will perform worse on a test
than individuals who are not sleep deprived."
 A hypothesis often follows a basic format of "If {this happens} then {this will
happen}."
92
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Description
 The Literature Review aims to give a comprehensive view of current research and
explain the grounds for study.
 It should help explain how your research adds to, contradicts or augments over this
existing knowledge.
 The purpose of the literature review is to summarize, evaluate and compare the main
developments and current debates in the field which are specifically relevant to the subject
of research embodied in the thesis.
 Literature review should also aim at ways to address these issues with the present
research program.
 Review of the literature may take place progressively throughout the thesis.
 The review of literature should be arranged in chronological order for each title
reviewed.
Instructions
 Times New Roman (TNR) font with a font size of 12 should be used throughout the
running text.
references.
SAMPLE
Diarrhoeal illness is well recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality
in young children in many developing countries (UNICEF, 1992; WHO, 1995; Urbino et
93
al., 2003). About 24.1 % of all infant deaths and 40 % of all deaths in the first two years
of life is due to diarrhoeal disease (Simanjuntak et al., 1998). WHO predicts that there
will be about 5 million deaths in children younger than five years by 2025, of which 97 %
will be in the developing countries and mostly caused by infectious diseases, within
which diarrhoea will continue to play a prominent role (WHO, 1998). It is reported that
about 2.5 million children die from the diarrhoeal illness in every year (Taper and
Sanderson, 2004). One of the major challenges in the gastrointestinal diseases is the
recent increase in the number of probable aetiological agents. In developing countries,
pathogens were identified in 65 % of stool samples from children with acute diarrhoea
(Kang et al., 2001). In India, one third of the total paediatric admissions in hospitals are
due to diarrhoeal diseases and 17 % of all deaths in indoor paediatric patients are
diarrhoea related (Park, 1998). The main causes of diarrhoea are poor personal and food
hygiene and lack of clean drinking water (Sanderson and Walker, 1993).
Bacteria associated diarrhoeal infections
The members of Enterobacteriaceae are the most important aetiologic agent

of childhood diarrhoea and represent major public health problems in the world
(Taneja et al., 2003). In recent years, a significant proportion of human infectious
diarrhoea are associated with enterotoxigenic bacteria. The best known of these are
V. cholerae and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). These organisms produce intestinal fluid
loss by elaborating enterotoxins which interfere with net trans-mucosal fluid and
electrolyte transport. These and other enterotoxigenic bacteria produce either a heat labile
toxin (LT), which resembles cholera toxin (CT),
94
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY –TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
Description
 Methodology is to describe in detail the research / study and to answer the questions
when, where and how.
 It includes the main components of design, population and sample, data collection and
instrumentation and analysis.
 It must be explicit enough to allow the replication of research.
Instructions
running text.
references.
SAMPLE
Description of the study area
Samples were collected from selected hospitals of Coimbatore, Kovilpalayam, Pattukottai
and Tirupur. The description of the sampling (study) area is given below. Coimbatore and
Tirupur are popularly known as industrial cities in South India and is cosmopolitan in nature.
Coimbatore is known as the Manchester of South India.
95
Sampling areas
Sampling area 1: Coimbatore – Diarrhoeal stool samples were collected from the
clinical laboratories of Masonic Child Care Hospital and Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital
(KMCH).
Sampling area 2: Tirupur - Diarrhoeal stool samples were collected from the clinical
laboratory of children ward of Government Public Hospital.
Samples
Diarrhoeal stool specimens were collected from the children (below 5 years old) suffered
with acute diarrhoea and gastroenteritis infection. The specimens were also obtained from the
hospital based clinical laboratories. They were examined for cyst and bacteria prior to the
transportation to the laboratory. The stool specimens suspected with bacteria as the aetiological
agent for diarrhoea alone were processed in the present investigation.
Collection of samples
The diarrhoeal stool specimens were collected using sterile swabs with gentle scrap and
put into the Stuart’s transport medium (3 mL) in submerged condition. The nature of specimen,
age, sex, date and other related history of the patient including the symptoms were taken in to
consideration. The samples were collected and transported into laboratory using ice box.
96
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Descriptions
Results
 The results are actual/original findings/ statements of observations, including

statistics, tables and graphs.
 The graphs and the tables should have a self explanatory tile, so that the
delivered data/table/graph would speak for itself.
 Both positive findings and also negative findings are documented.
 Key result should be stated in clear sentences.
 Do not repeat in the text all the values given in tables.
Discussion
 The purpose of this chapter is not just to reiterate the findings, but discuss
the observations in relation to the
 Interpret results in terms of the background laid out in the introduction .
Instructions
running text.
 The captions for tables and figures should have font size of 11 and foot notes should be
set at font size 10.
references.
97
SAMPLE
Incidence of diarrhoeagenic bacterial genera in children diarrhoeal stool samples
A total of 239 diarrhoeal samples of children were processed for the incidence of
different diarrhoeagenic bacterial genera such as Aeromonas, Escherichia, Proteus,
Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Vibrio (Table 1). Of
total samples analysed, 30.54 % (p<0.05) were found to harbour Aeromonas spp. Among the four
sampling areas (Coimbatore, Kovilpalayam, Pattukottai and Tirupur), the maximum level of
incidence of Aeromonas spp. was recorded at Coimbatore with 34.4 % followed by Pattukottai,
Tirupur and Kovilpalayam with 26.4 % (p<0.05), 21.4 % (p<0.05) and 20.8 % (p<0.05)
respectively. The incidence of Aeromonas spp. recorded a significant score in all the four
sampling areas. The diarrhoeal stool samples were found to have significantly higher number
(58.57 %) of E. coli than other genera (p<0.05). In Tirupur, the maximum incidence of E. coli
was recorded as 71.4 % and followed by Kovilpalayam, Pattukottai and Coimbatore with 66.6 %
(p<0.01), 60.3 % (p<0.05) and 55.4 % (p<0.05) respectively.
Table 1. Percentage of incidence of bacterial genera in four sampling areas
% incidence
Total
Genera New York Kovimperur Patikum Tinzin (n=239)
(n=148) (n=24) (n=53) (n=14)
Aeromonas spp. 34.4 (51)* 20.8 (5) 26.4 (14) 21.4 (3) 30.54 (73)
E. coli 55.4 (82) 66.6 (16) 60.3 (32) 71.4 (10) 58.57 (140)
Proteus spp. 7.4 (11) 0 (0) 11.3 (6) 0 (0) 7.11 (17)
Pseudomonas spp. 9.5 (14) 12.5 (3) 15 (3) 28.5 (4) 10.04 (24)
Salmonella spp. 31 (46) 16.6 (4) 47.2 (25) 35.7 (5) 33.47 (80)
Shigella spp. 6 (9) 0 (0) 24.5 (13) 21.4 (3) 10.46 (25)
Staphylococcus spp. 4 (6) 4.1 (1) 9.4 (5) 7.1 (1) 5.43 (13)
Streptococcus spp. 5.4 (8) 4.1 (1) 22.6 (12) 21.4 (3) 10.04 (24)
98
* Number of positive samples
Another predominant bacterial genera was Vibrio, which has been shown as a major
cause of epidemic diarrhoea (Fasano, 2000). A significant level of incidence of Vibrio spp. was
recorded in all the sampling areas (p<0.05). This may be due to the tendency of this organism to
cause severe diarrhoea, thus making infected individuals more likely to seek medicinal attention
(Oyofo et al., 2002). In a recent outbreak of cholera in Chandigarh, India, it was recorded that
58.5 % of children have been affected with acute diarrhoea (Taneja et al., 2003). Aeromonas spp.
can now be considered a relatively common enteropathogen (Bottarelli and Ossiprandi, 1999). In
the present study, a significant proportion of incidence (30.54 %) (p<0.05) of Aeromonas spp.
was observed and hence, it may be considered as one of the causative agents of diarrhoea in
children. Maltezou et al. (2001) revealed that Aeromonas was the third frequently isolated
bacterial agent from children with acute diarrhoea in the area of Athens, in a proportion
comparable to that of Salmonella and other agents. In our study, Aeromonas stood in the fourth
position among the diarrhoeagenic causative agents encountered in children diarrhoea.
99
SUMMARY
Descriptions
 The summary describes the most important findings of the research work.
 This gives overall information of the results and discussion.
 The strongest and most important statement in the outcome of the study is highlighted.
Instructions
running text.
references.
SAMPLE
The incidence of A. hydrophila in children diarrhoeal samples collected from four
places of Tamil Nadu state, India has been studied for a period of one year (January 2003 to
December 2003). All the isolates were subjected to multiple antibiotic resistance assay and
production of haemolysin, protease and DNase. Also, their ability to produce slime and
serum resistance capacities have been observed. In addition to this, the cytopathic effects and
detection of act gene, which is responsible for the production of cytolytic enterotoxin have
also been tested. To accentuate the present investigation, the genetic diversity of the
100
strains have also been observed by means of RAPD and ERIC-PCRs and profiling of
OMPs and LPSs.
Among the frequency of diarrhoeagenic bacteria, isolated from all the sampling
areas, E. coli was recorded as the predominant bacterium with 58.57 %, followed by
Vibrio, Salmonella, Aeromonas, Shigella, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Proteus and
Staphylococcus with 40.58 %, 33.47 %, 30.54 %, 10.46 %, 10.04 %, 10.04 %, 7.11 % and
5.43 % respectively. This clearly suggests the significant place of Aeromonas as one of
the diarrhoeagenic genera.
101
CONCLUSION
Description
 The conclusion provides answers or solutions to the questions or problems raised in the
introduction / the statement of research / objectives of the research.
 The argumentation of thesis work is summarized briefly.
Instructions
running text.
references.
SAMPLE
In conclusion, the present study reveals the occurrence of toxigenic and heterogeneous strains
of A. hydrophila among children diarrhoeal samples collected from various parts of the state, which
is an important threat to the public health point of view. The percentage of incidence of this organism
along with the other important diarrhoeagenic pathogens is one of the serious problems to be
concentrated in, since A. hydrophila has been recognized as a re-emerging pathogen. Studies on
various virulence factors add the magnitude to the present investigation. The molecular typing
techniques have once again proved their powerful discriminating capacity in differentiating A.
102
hydrophila strains. Hence, it is strongly recommended that these techniques could be useful in
the epidemiological investigations.
CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE
Descriptions
 This chapter enables the researcher to say what his research work has
contributed to the existing knowledge.
 Here the researcher can explain how his new protocols or procedures or his
outcomes has enabled to the welfare of others or his surroundings.
Instructions
running text.
references.
SAMPLE
The author claims the following contributions to knowledge:
1. The development of a post-positivist research position which enables the inclusion
of human aspects of designing that cannot be adequately addressed under the
dominant positivist perspectives of engineering design research, but which does not
exclude well justified positivist or scientific research findings.
103
2. Significant additional clarification of the epistemological and ontological
foundations of engineering design theory.
3. The development of a coherent set of definitions that better differentiates between
primary concepts of engineering design research, engineering design theory and design
research.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
Descriptions
Limitations are factors, usually beyond the researcher's control, that may affect the results of the study
or how the results are interpreted. Stating limitations of the study may be very useful for readers
because they provide a method to acknowledge possible errors or difficulties in interpreting results of
the study. Limitations that are not readily apparent at the start of the research project may develop or
become apparent as the study progresses.
In any case, limitations should not be considered alibis or excuses; they are simply factors or conditions
that help the reader get a truer sense of what the study results mean and how widely they can be
generalized. While all studies have some inherent limitations, you should address only those that may
have a significant effect on your particular study.
SAMPLE
1. Due to the small/unique sample available for the study, results may not be
generalizable beyond the specific population from which the sample was drawn.
2. Due to the failure of sample respondents to answer with candor, results might not
accurately reflect the opinions of all members of the included population.
Due to the length of the study, a significant number of respondents available in the
preliminary testing may be unavailable or unwilling to participate in the final stage of
testing.
104
SUGGESTION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
Descriptions
 This describes the suggestions that can be put forth by the researches over the taken
research activity for further future research.
 Researcher can particularize the topic of work and can suggest that as a focus of
study which can inspire the future researchers to work in the same field of research.
Instructions
 Times New Roman (TNR) font with a font size of 14 and double line spacing should
be used throughout the running text.
 The line spacing in the main text should be 1.5. Single line spacing should be given
for quotations, abstract, figure captions, table captions, figure legends, footnotes, and
references.
After the research over this “title”, it is suggested that in future
 The methodology can be implemented with advancement
 New process can be implemented
105
REFERENCES
Description
 The use of a source of information in order to ascertain something.
 To provide (a book or article) with citations of sources of information.
Instructions
 References / Bibliography should be arranged alphabetically.
SAMPLE
For electronic articles that do not provide a DOI, the APA recommends that you provide
the URL of the journal's home page. Example:
Sillick T.J., & Schutte, N.S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem
mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal
of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. Retrieved from
http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap
Wood, D. (2009, January). Agoraphobia. Retrieved from

http://www.med.nyu.edu/conditions-we-treat/conditions/agoraphobia
Web page with no author or date
Phobias. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare

/healthcare_services/mental_health/mental_health_about/phobias/pages/index.aspx
Entry in an online reference work
DeWeese-Boyd, I. (2008, November 25). Self-deception. In E.N. Zalta (Ed.),

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/self-deception/
Journals
106
1 Prakas, K. (2011). Feedback and optimal sensitivity: Model reference transformations,
multiplicative seminorms, and approximate inverses. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,
26(2): 301–320.
2. Ram, R., Krishna, S. and Peter, K. (2005b). Differential rectification using control points.
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote sensing, 55: 914 – 918.
Text books
1. Myers, D. G. (2007). Psychology (1st Canadian ed.). Worth: New York. Pp. 600 -
620
2. Robin, R. (2008). Robust Statistics. Wiley-Interscience: New York. Pp 500-520
Conference proceedings
1. Payne, D.B. and Gunhold, H.G. (1986). Digital sundials and broadband
technology, In Proc. IOOC-ECOC, 1986, pp. 557-998.
2. Singh, K. and Robin, R. (2008). A linear-quadratic game approach to estimation
and smoothing. In American Control Conference, New York. June 20 – 25, 2008, pp.
2818– 2822.
Reports
1. Milton, M and Robert, L. (2004). Atmospheric carbon emission through genetic
algorithm, Environment and Technical Report No.3., Indian Meteorological
Department., New Delhi.
Online journals with a DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
2. Krebs, D.L. and Denton, K. (2006). Explanatory limitations of cognitive-developmental
approaches to morality. Psychological Review, 113(3): 672, 675. doi: 10.1037/0033-
295X.113.3.672
Online journals without a DOI
1. Vicki, G.T., Thomae, M., Cullen, A. and Fernandez, H. (2007). Modeling the
hydrological impact on Tropical Forests. Forest Ecology, 13(10): 122-132. Retrieved
from http://www.uiowa.edu/~grpproc/crisp/crisp.html
Online abstracts
1. Perilloux, C. and Buss, D.M. (2008). Human relationships: Costs experienced and
coping strategies deployed. Evolutionary Psychology, 6(1): 164-181. Abstract retrieved
from http://www.epjournal.net
Online books
Perfect, T.J. and Schwartz, B. L. (Eds.) (2002). Applied metacognition. Retrieved from
http://www.questia.com/read/107598848 (--If DOI is available, use the DOI instead of a URL)
Chapters from a book
107
1. Krebs, D.L. and Denton, K. (1997). Social illusions and self deception: The evolution of
biases in person perception. In J. A. Simpson & D. T. Kenrick (Eds.), Evolutionary
social psychology (pp.21-48). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
108
Books in print form
1. Snyder, C.R., Higgins, R.L. and Stucky, R.J. (Eds.). (1983). Excuses:
Masquerades in search of grace. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Dissertations and Thesis
1. Mack, S. (2000). “Desperate Optimism” M.S. Thesis, University of Calgary, Canada.
109
APPENDIX
 This is a section or table of subsidiary matter at the end of a

document.
110
COPIES OF PUBLICATIONS ATTACHED
 During the research career the researcher has to publish original research articles based
upon the thesis title in reputed high indexed journals.
 This list increases the credentials for the researcher.
 If the researcher wishes he can also add the complete paper published by him in
reputed journals or he can just add the complete list of publications pertaining to this research
title he/she can attach the copies of publications pertaining to this research title
SAMPLE
Grant, J., Correia, S., & Brennan-Krohn, T. (2006). White matter integrity
in kleptomania: A pilot study. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging Section, 147,
233-237. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.03.003
111
APPENDIX – III
112
Leave Application Form
Student Name :
Specialisation :
Mobile Phone :
Personal E-Mail:
Address :
Hospital Name :
Year of Study :
Batch :
Leave Information
Leave Starts From : To :
Total No of days :
Reasons for Leave :
Department Information & Signatures
Consultant Name: Signature: Date:
HOD Name: Signature: Date:
Acad. Director Name: Signature: Date:
Leave Approval Status: Approved Disapproved
113
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Texila American University

Hand Book (MRCP)

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM (3 YEARS)

S.No Content Page No

I am a Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London,

TAU is a member of GAME (Global Alliance for Medical Education).Founded in 1995,

We have selected seven core specialties that are:

1. General Medicine leading to the award of MRCP

Good luck and take care.

With best wishes

Dr. Ranjan Venkatesan MD, FRCOG, MFFP, MBA

ABOUT TEXILA AMERICAN UNIVERSITY

Universidad Central de Nicaragua (UCN) Credentials

Over view of the program:

The Fellowship programs are knowledge enhancement programs. An effective

Training is directed towards learning:

6. To develop the necessary skills, attitude and temperament to work as a team

7. To teach and train undergraduates and allied health professionals.

8. To obtain the basic knowledge of research methodology

TITLE Fellowship Program with Royal College Examination Training

Eligibility Criteria MBBS registered with the Medical Council of India

Periodical MCQ tests as per schedule

Fellowship in Medicine / Surgery will be awarded by University of Central Nicaragu in

Submission of periodical reports:

S.No Academic Requirements No. of reports per year Frequency of Submission

1 Log Book 40 4 reports / month

2 Case Report 10 1 report / month

3 Article Review 2 Once in six months

4 Thesis Proposal 1 10th month of 1st year

5 Thesis 1 End of third year

6 FSI 24 2 sessions per month

7 Forum 12 1 forum per month

8 CME 2 Once in six months

9 Practice test 14 2 tests / month

10 Comprehensive Exam 2 2 Exams / year

2. Ward work which includes clerking of patients daily

3. Attending or performing ward rounds

4. Observing/assisting/performing ward procedures

5. List of “must know” conditions to be exposed to during the clinical rotation

8. Bedside clinical assessments such as mini-CEX, etc.

Case Report: (Format attached in Appendix II)

4. Each case report must be scanned and uploaded in LMS.

Continuing Medical Education programs/ Clinical conferences:

Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) :

2. Physical Examination skills:

3. Communication skills and ethics:

4. Integrated clinical assessment skills:

Faculty-student Interaction session (FSI)

Frequency: 2 sessions per month.

Mock test – Part I / Part A Exam

A student/candidate admitted to a course/program will be posted in different

1. Clinical rotations will be coordinated by the Coordinator of the approved hospital.

Royal College Examination:

Award of fellowship certificate:

Fellowship in Medicine / Surgery will be awarded by University of Central Nicaragu in Academic

Partnership with Texila American University

Award of master degree:

2. Complete a research Thesis and Defending of Thesis

4. Appear the exit examination.

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

OSCE Conducted every 6 months

Comprehensive Revision Test (100

Final Examination – Paper