BEEE Lab Observation (Print Both Sides)

BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LAB
1. VERIFICATION OF KVL AND KCL
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 1

A.1 Circuit diagrams:
Fig. 1.1 Circuit diagram for Kirchhoff’s voltage law
Fig. 1.2 Circuit diagram for Kirchhoff’s current law

1. VERIFICATION OF KVL AND KCL

1.1 Aim:
To verify Kirchhoff’s Voltage law and Current law .
1.2 Apparatus required:

Table 1.1 Tabulation for Apparatus required
SL.No Name Type Range Quantity
1 KVL&KCL
…… ...... 1
Trainer Kit
2
MC 0 - 30 V 4
Voltmeter
3 Ammeter MC 0 - 50 mA 3
4 Connecting wire PVC
26 gauge As required
Type
1.3 Theory:
1.3.1 Kirchhoff’s current law
Kirchhoff’s current law states that algebraic sum of the current meeting at any junction or
node is zero. In other words, the sum of the current flowing towards a junction is equal to the sum of
the current leaving from the junction. ΣI = 0
1.3.2 Kirchhoff’s voltage law
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law is the second fundamental law to analyze electric circuit. Voltage
Law states that, the algebraic sum of all the voltages around any closed loop in a circuit must be equal
to zero.
In other words, the algebraic sum of all the potential differences around the loop must be equal
to zero as: ΣV = 0.Both the laws are applicable for linear circuits only.

A.2 Tabulations:
Table 1.2 Tabulation for Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Voltage :Vs=V1+V2+V3
Voltage: Voltage: Voltage: Voltage: (volts)
SL.No
Vs V1 V2 V3
(volts) (volts) (volts) (volts) Practical Theoretical
1
2
3
4
Table 1.3 Tabulation for Kirchhoff’s Current Law

Current:I1=I2+I3
Voltage:
(milliamps)
SL.No Vs Current: I1 Current: I2 Current: I3
(volts) (milliamps) (milliamps) (milliamps)
Practical Theoretical
1
2
3
4

1.4 Procedure:
1.4.1 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law:
1. Fig. 2.1 illustrates the circuit to verify Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law.
2. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig.1.1 by using the apparatus mentioned
in Table 1.1.
3. After ensuring voltage knob in minimum position & current knob in maximum position,
switch on the power supply.
4. Vary the Regulated Power Supply ( RPS) to a specified voltage. Observe the corresponding
voltage readings across resistors and tabulate in Table 2.1.
5. Repeat the above step for various RPS voltages and tabulate the readings.
6. Put the voltage knob in minimum position and switch off the RPS.
7. Perform the theoretical calculations as per the equation provided in the section 1.5.
8. Compare theoretical & practical values.
1.4.2 Kirchhoff’s current law:
1. Fig. 1.2 illustrates the circuit to verify Kirchhoff’s Current Law. Connect the circuit as per the
circuit diagram shown in Fig. 1.2 by using the apparatus given in Table 1.1.
2. After ensuring voltage knob in minimum position & current knob in maximum position,
switch on the power supply.
3. Vary the RPS to a specified voltage and note down the corresponding ammeter readings
4. Repeat the above step for various RPS voltages and tabulate the readings in Table 1.3
5. Put the voltage knob in minimum position and switch off the RPS
6. Perform the theoretical calculations as per the equation provided in the section 1.5.1.
1.5 Model calculations:

1.5.1 Kirchhoff’s voltage law:
From Fig. 2.1,
When Vs = 10V,
R = R1+R2+R3 = 102KΩ
According to Ohm’s law,
V = RI
V 1= R1 I
V 2= R2 I
V 3= R3 I


1.5.2 Kirchhoff’s current law:

From Fig. 2.2
When Vs = 10V,
I2 =
I3 =
1.6 Precautions:
1. Avoid loose connections.
2. Operate the instruments carefully.
3. Note down the reading without parallax error.
1.7 Viva questions:

1. State Kirchhoff’s voltage law?
2. State Kirchhoff’s current law?
3. State Law of Resistance.
4. List the Applications of KCL and KVL?
1.8 Result:


2.(i) MEASUREMENT OF VOLTAGE,

CURRENT AND REAL POWER IN
PRIMARY AND SECONDRY CIRCUITS
OF A SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

Ba.1 Circuit diagrams:
Fig. 2.1 Circuit diagram for measurement of power on 1-ф transformer

2a. (i) MEASUREMENT OF VOLTAGE,CURRENT AND REAL

POWER IN PRIMARY AND SECONDRY CIRCUITS OF A SINGLE
PHASE TRANSFORMER
2a.1 Aim:
To measure the voltage ,current and real power in primary and secondary side of a given single phase
transformer .
2a.2 Name plate details:
Table 2a.1 Tabulation for Name plate details
Power 1KVA
No. of Phases 1-ф
Voltage 230/115V
frequency 50Hz
2a.3 Apparatus required:

Table 2a.2 Tabulation for Apparatus required
SL.No. Apparatus Range Type Quantity
(0-10)A MI 1
1 Ammeter
(0-5) A MI 1
(0-150)V MI 1
2 Voltmeter
(0-300) V MI 1
(300V, 5A) Upf 1
3 Wattmeter
(150V, 10A) Upf 1
4 Auto Transformer 1 -phase, (0-260)V - 1
5 Resistive Load 5KW, 230V - 1
6 Connecting Wires 2.5sq.mm Copper Few
2a.4 Theory:
A transformer is a static device which transfers AC electrical power from one
circuit another circuit without any electrical conduction for the same frequency.. It works on the
principle of mutual induction. In a transformer there are two windings; primary winding & secondary
winding. Both these windings are having their internal resistance & leakage current. During the
transfer ,the secondary side voltage may be stepped up or stepped down according to the number of
turns in the primary secondary windings. ie, If Ts> Tp stepped up or Ts< Tp stepped down.
Ba.2 Tabulations:
Table 2a.3 Tabulation for load test on 1-ф transformer

Primary Secondary Output
Input
SL. Power
load V1 I1 W1 V2 I2 W2 Power
No. W2 x
Volts amps watts Volts Amps Watts W1 x MF
MF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

2a.5 Procedure:
1. Note down the Name plate details of 1- Φ transformer as per the Table 2a.1.
2. Fig. 7.1illustrates the circuit to conduct load test on 1- Φ transformer.
3. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram shown in fig.2.1.
4. Keep the auto transformer in minimum position close the DPST switch .
5. Tabulate Ammeter, Voltmeter and Wattmeter readings on both primary side and secondary
sides in table 2a.3.for varies input voltage.
6. Bring auto transformer to minimum position open the DPST switch.
2a.6 Model calculations:

1. Output power =W2*multiplication factor
2. Input power=W1* multiplication factor
2a.7 Precautions:
1. Avoid loose connections.
2. Avoid overloading of transformers.
2a.8 Viva questions:

1. List the applications of Transformer?
2. What is turns ratio?
3. How do you select the range of various meters in primary and secondary sides?
4. Why transformer is rated in kVA?
5. State the types of transformers.
2a.9 Result:


2.(ii)VERIFICATION OF RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS
(STAR-DELTA,DELTA-DELTA,
DELTASTAR, STAR-STAR) IN A THREE
PHASE TRANSFORMER
Bb.1 Circuit diagrams:

Fig. 2b.1 Star /Star Connection Fig. 2b.2.Delta/Delta

Connection
Fig.2b.3.Star/Delta Connection-300 Connection Fig.2b.4.Star/Delta Connection+300 Connection

2b.(ii)VERIFICATION OF RELATION BETWEEN VOLTAGE AND

CURRENT (STAR-DELTA, DELTA-DELTA, DELTA-STAR, STAR-STAR)
2b.1 Aim: To verify the relations between Line Voltage, Phase Voltage and Line Current and
phase current in Star-Delta, Delta-Delta, Delta-Star, Star-Star connections.
2b.2 Apparatus required:
S. No Name Type Range Qty
Transformer with
1 3- Φ 3KVA 1
load arrangements
2 Voltmeter M.I 0-600V 2
3 Ammeter M.I 0-5A 2
4 Autotransformer 3- Φ 0-470V, 4A 1
2b.3 Theory:
For three phase transformers, three single-phase transformers are needed. or a single three-
phase transformer is needed. In both the methods three windings are placed in both primary and
secondary sides. These three windings in primary and secondary can be connected any one of the
following configurations Star-Delta, Delta-Delta, Delta-Star, Star-Star connections.
Star Connection
In star connection, there is four wire, three wires are phase wire and fourth is neutral which is
taken from the star point.
In STAR connection, the starting or finishing ends (Similar ends) of three coils are connected
together to form the neutral point. A common wire is taken out from the neutral point which is called
Neutral. The other ends are connected to the corresponding power lines like R,Y and B.
In star connection, the line voltage is √3 times of phase voltage. Line voltage is the voltage
between two phases in three phase circuit and phase voltage is the voltage between one phase to the
neutral line. And the current is same for both line and phase.
In Star Connection, the phase voltage is low as 1/√3 of the line voltage, so, it needs low
number of turns, hence, saving in copper.
Delta Connection
In delta connection, there are three wires and no neutral terminal is taken. The delta
connections, the end of each coil is connected with the start of another coil, and three wires are taken
out from the coil joints to the power lines like R,Y and B.
In delta connection, the line voltage is same with that of phase voltage. And the line current is
√3 times of phase current.
Heavy insulation required as Phase voltage = Line Voltage.
Bb.2 Tabulations:

Table 2b.2 Tabulation for Star/Star (Y/Y) Connection

SL. Primary Primary Secondary Secondary
No. Voltage(V) Current(A) Voltage(V) Current(A)
VL VP IL IP VL VP IL IP
Table 2b.3 Tabulation for Delta/Delta (A/A) Connection

Table 2b.4 Tabulation for Star/Delta (Y/A) Connection

Table 2b.5 Tabulation for Delta/ Star (A/Y) Connection

2b.4 Procedure:
1. Fig.2b.1 to 2b.4 illustrates the various connection diagrams of three phase transformer.
2. Connect the Circuit as per the circuit diagram.
3. Initially Auto transformer should be in minimum position and now switch ON the MCB’s.
4. Vary the voltage by using auto transformer up to rated voltage.
5. Now note down the reading of Transformer primary and secondary side meters.
6. After completion of experiment reduce the voltage of auto transformer minimum position and
MCB switch OFF Condition.
7. Repeat same procedure to Star-Delta, Delta-Delta, Delta-Star connections.
2b.5 Model calculations:
Star connections IL = Ip and VL = √3 Vp

Delta connections VL= Vp and IL = √3 Ip
2b.6 Precautions:
1. Avoid loose connections
2. Avoid over loading.
2b.7 Viva questions:

1. What is the principle of three phase Transformer?
2. How three phase transformers are constructed?
3. What is the relationship of voltage and currents in various configurations of three phase
transformer connections?
4. Why should the phase winding of delta connected need more insulation?
2b.8 Result:


3. MEASUREMENT OF ACTIVE AND

REACTIVE POWER IN A BALANCED
THREE-PHASE CIRCUIT
C.1 Circuit diagrams:

Fig. 3.1 Circuit diagram for measurement of 3- phase active power for balanced load
Fig. 3.2 Circuit diagram for measurement of 3- phase reactive power for balanced load

3. MEASUREMENT OF 3-PHASE ACTIVE AND REACTIVE

POWER FOR BALANCED LOAD
3.1 Aim:
To measure the active and reactive power for a three phase balanced load.

Name of the
SL. No. Range Type Quantity
Equipment
1 Inductive Load 415V, 20A 3–Φ 1

2 Auto Transformer (0-415)V, 20A 3–Φ 1
Dynamomet
3 U.P.F. Wattmeter (600)V, 10A 1
er Type
Dynamomet
4 L.P.F. Wattmeter (600)V, 10A 1
er Type
5 Ammeter (0-10)A MI 1
6 Voltmeter (0-600)V MI 1
7 Connecting Wires ------ ------ As required
3.3 Theory:
3.3.1 Active Power:
The power which is actually consumed or utilized in an AC Circuit is called True power
or Active Power or real power. It is measured in kilo watt (kW) or MW. It is the actual outcomes of
the electrical system which runs the electric circuits or load.
3.3.1 Reactive Power:
The power which flows back and forth that means it moves in both the direction in the
circuit or react upon itself, is called Reactive Power. The reactive power is measured in kilo volt
ampere reactive (kVAR) or MVAR.

C.2 Tabulation:
Table 3.2 Tabulation for measurement of 3-phase active and reactive power for balanced load
Reactive
Active
Line Power
Current (VAR) power
Voltage
S.
No VL(V) IL (A) (Watts)
1
2
3

3.4 Procedure:
1. Fig 3.1 illustrates the circuit diagrams for measurement of 3-phase active and reactive power
for balanced load.
2. Connect the circuit as per Fig. 3.1 by using the apparatus given in Table 3.1
3. Keep the 3-phase autotransformer is at minimum position.
4. Switch on the supply and apply the rated voltage by autotransformer i.e.400V.
5. Note down the meter readings in Table 10.2 by gradually increasing the load up to the rated
value.
6. Then slowly decrease the autotransformer till voltmeter comes to zero, and switch of the
supply.
7. Find out the 3-phase active and reactive power by using the given formulas.
3.5 Theoretical calculations:

Phase current = Iph =IL
Phase voltage = Vph = VL/√3
Total Active power =W1+W2
Total measured reactive power = Q3ф =√3VLILSINΦ
3.6 Precautions:
1. There should not be any loose connections.
2. Meter readings should not be exceeded beyond their ratings.
3. Readings of the meters must be taking without parallax error.
4. Ensure that the auto transformer value is zero voltage while starting.
3.7 Viva questions:

1. Define reactive power?
2. Define active power?
3. Define apparent power?
4. Is this method applicable to unbalanced loads?
5. Define power triangle.
3.8 Result:.


4. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
OF A SEPARATELY EXCITED DC
SHUNT MOTOR

D.1 Circuit diagrams:
Fig. 4.1 Circuit diagram for Brake Test on DC Shunt Motor

4. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A SEPARATELY

EXCITED DC SHUNT MOTOR
4.1 Aim:
To obtain the performance characteristics of a DC shunt motor by load test.
4.2 Name plate details:
Table 4.1 Tabulation for Name plate details
Voltage 220V
Armature Current 20A
Speed 1500RPM
Field Current 0.6A

1 Voltmeter Moving Coil (0-300V) 1 No
2 Ammeter Moving Coil (0-20A), (0-2A) 1 No
4 Rheostat Wire wound 370Ω/1.7A 1 No
5 Tachometer Digital (0-10000)rpm 1 No
4.4 Theory:
This is a direct method of testing a dc machine. It is a simple method of measuring
motor output, speed and efficiency etc., at different load conditions. A rope is wound round the pulley
and its two ends are attached to two spring balances S1 and S2. The tensions provided by the spring
balances S1 and S2 are T1 and T2. The tension of the rope can be adjusted with the help of swivel.
The force acting tangentially on the pulley is equal to the difference between the readings of
the two spring balances in Kg - force.
The induced voltage Eb = V - IaRa and Eb = KΦN,
Thus, KΦ = N Eb
Where V = applied voltage,
Ia = armature current,
Ra = armature resistance.
Total power input to the motor Pin =Field circuit power + Armature power
= VshIsh + VaIa
If ‘r’ is the radius of the pulley, then torque at the pulley is given by
T = 9.81 × (S1 – S2) × r --------------Nm
Motor output power = (2Π NT) / 60 Watts
%Efficiency = (Output power / Input power)*100

D.2 Tabulations:
Table 4.3 Tabulation for Brake test on DC Shunt Motor
Line Shaft Shaft Efficien
SL. Voltage S1 S2 S=S1~S2 Speed Input
Current Torque output cy
No (volts) (Kg) (Kg) (Kg) (r.p.m) (VI)
(amp) N-m (W) η%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
D.3 Model graph:

1. η v/s O/P
2. Current v/s O/P
Fig. 4.2 Model graph for Performance characteristics of DC Shunt Motor

4.5 Procedure:
1. Fig.4.1 illustrates the circuit to conduct brake test on DC Shunt Motor
2. Connect the circuit as per the Fig.4.1
3. Apply 220 V, DC supply by closing the DPST switch.
4. Start the motor with help of 3-point starter.
5. Measure the speed of motor by using Tachometer.
6. If the speed is less than the rated speed it is adjusted by using field regulator
7. Apply load in steps up to rated by tightening the swivel.
8. Observe and tabulate corresponding readings S1, S2, N, IL in table 4.3
9. After completing the experiment remove the load by slowly on motor and switch off the power
supply.
4.6 Model calculations:

IL =
T= Torque (T) =9.81*r*(S1~S2) N-m
POUT=Error: Reference source not found Watts
PIN=V*IL*
% Efficiency = *100
4.7 Precautions:
1. The motor field rheostat must be kept in minimum resistance position while starting.
2. Carefully, Pour water in brake drum to avoid heating effect.
3. Starter arm must be in OFF position.
4. Connections should be tight and reading should be taken without any parallax error.
4.8 Viva questions:

1. What is speed regulation?
2. What are the different types of DC motor?
3. What are the characteristics of D.C shunt motor?
4. What is the condition for maximum efficiency?
5. What are the methods available to reduce the iron losses?
6. List the applications of D.C Shunt Motor?
4.9 Result:


5. PERFORMANCE
CHARACTERISTICS OF A THREE
PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

E.1 Circuit diagram:

5. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A THREE PHASE

INDUCTION MOTOR
5.1 Aim:
To plot performance characteristics by conducting load test on 3– Φ squirrel cage Induction
motor
5.2 Nameplate details:

Power 5HP
Voltage 415V
Current 7.8A
Phase 3- Φ
Frequency 50Hz
Speed 1440rpm

1 Ammeter Moving Iron (0-10A) 1
2 Voltmeter Moving Iron (0-600V) 1
3 Wattmeter Dynamometer 600V/10A,UPF 2
4 Tachometer Digital 0-3000rpm 1
5.4 Theory:
As per motor principle, ie, whenever a current caring conductor placed in a
magnetic field it experience mechanical force.
Three phase induction motor working on the principle of faraday’s
electromagnetic induction. So, the current in the rotor conductor is induced due to
mutual induction principle and the magnetic field is generated by the stator windings to
satisfy the law of motor.
By applying load on motor shaft the performance of the IM can be calculate.
120f
The synchronous speed of the rotating flux in the stator Ns = ------
P

Where ‘f’ = Supply frequency in Hz and ‘P’ = Number of poles.

E.2 Tabulation:
Table 5.3 Tabulation for Brake test on 3- Φ squirrel cage induction motor
IL I/P O/P
SL.N VL S1 S2 N W1 W2 Torque
(Amps Power Power %
o (Volts) (Kg/Cm) (Kg/Cm) (rpm) (Watts) (Watts) (N-m)
) (Watts) (Watts)
1
2
3
4
5
E.3 Model graph:
Fig. 5.2 Model graph for Performance characteristics of 3- Φ squirrel cage induction motor

5.5 Procedure:
1. Note down the Name plate details of Induction Motor as per the Table 5.1.
2. Fig. 13.1illustrates the circuit to conduct load test on 3- Φ induction motor.
3. Connect the circuit as per Fig. 5.1 by using the apparatus given in Table 5.2.
4. Make sure that there is no load on the pulley of the motor while starting.
5. Close the TPST, start the motor and apply rated voltage by varying 3- auto Transformer.
6. Apply the load in steps up to rated current on the motor by tightening the belt on the pulley.
7. Observe and tabulate the values of voltmeter, ammeter, speed, spring balances, wattmeter W1
and W2 in Table 5.3.
8. Reduce the loads; bring the autotransformer to minimum position and open TPST.
9. Calculate the values of torque, input power, output power and efficiency as per the formulae
given in section 5.6.
10. Plot performance characteristics from the calculated values. The plot shall resemble the Fig.
5.2.
5.6 Calculations:
1. Torque (T) =9.81*r*(S1~S2) N-m
Where r = Radius of the brake drum=0.15 m
2. Input Power (I/P) = W1+ W2 Watts
3. Output Power (O/P) =2πNT/60 Watts.
4. % Efficiency = (Output Power / Input Power) x 100
5.7 Precautions:
2. Avoid overloading.
5.8Viva questions:
1. On which principle Induction motor works?
2. Why does an induction motor never rotate with synchronous speed?
3. What is meant by Slip of induction motor?
4. What slip speed of IM.
5.9 Result:


6. NO-LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF A
THREE-PHASE ALTERNATOR

F.1 Circuit diagram:
Fig.6.1 circuit diagram for no-load test on alternator

6. NO-LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF A THREE-PHASE

ALTERNATOR
6.1 Aim:
To obtain magnetizing characteristics (open circuit characteristics or no load characteristics ) of
an Alternator by conducting no-load test.
6.2 Nameplate details:

Ratings DC Motor AC Generator
Power 5 HP 3.5KVA
Armature Current 20A 4.9A
Armature Voltage 220V 415V
Excitation 220V,0.9A 220V,1.7A
Speed 1500rpm 1500rpm
Frequency ------------ 50Hz
6.3 Apparatus Required:

1 Voltmeter Moving Iron (0-300 V) 1
2 Rheostat Wire Wound 370 Ω/1.7 A 1
3 Rheostat Wire Wound 600 Ω/1.8 A 1
4 Ammeter MC (0-2 A) 1
5 Tachometer Digital 0-3000 rpm 1
6.4 Theory:
An alternator is such a machine which converts mechanical energy from a
prime mover to AC electric power at specific voltage and frequency. It is also known as synchronous
generator. It operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction i.e., when the flux linking a
conductor changes, an e.m.f. is induced in the conductor.
The rotor (field winding) of this generator rotates at very high speed by the
turbine (Plants like hydel ,thermal etc) and cuts the stator (armature winding) flux and an emf is
induced in the stator conductor. This induced e.m.f is taken through the terminal box of the alternator.
The curve is between induced e.m.f verses corresponding field current

F.2 Tabulation:
Table 6.3 Tabulation for Open circuit test
SL.No Filed current(If) O.C voltage(V)
1 0
2 0.1
3 0.2
4 0.3
5 0.4
6 0.5
F.3 Modal graph:
Fig. 6.2 Model graph for OCC of Alternator

6.5Procedure:
6.5.1 Open Circuit test:
1. Note down the Name plate details of DC shunt motor and Alternator in Table 6.1
2. Fig. 6.1 illustrates circuit diagram of alternator to find the open circuit characteristics.
3. Connect the circuit as per Fig. 6.1. Initially keep the motor field rheostat at minimum
resistance position and Alternator rheostat at maximum position, close the DPST switch, start
the motor with the help of 3-point starter.
4. Adjust the motor field rheostat till the motor reaches to its rated speed.
5. By varying the excitation current (if) of alternator in steps, observe and tabulate the terminal
voltage (V) readings up to rated at various excitation currents (If) in Table 6.3.
6. Plot the graph No load voltage (V) v/s excitation current (If) as shown in Fig. 6.2.
6.6 Precautions:
3. Keep the motor rheostat at minimum position and generator fields rheostat in maximum
position while starting.
6.7 Viva questions:

1. What is generator?
2. What are the different characteristics of an alternator?
3. State the principle of an Alternator?
4. What is the difference between Alternator and DC Generator?
5. What is residual magnetism?
6.8 Result:.




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BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LAB

1. VERIFICATION OF KVL AND KCL

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 1

A.1 Circuit diagrams:

Fig. 1.1 Circuit diagram for Kirchhoff’s voltage law

Fig. 1.2 Circuit diagram for Kirchhoff’s current law

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 2

1. VERIFICATION OF KVL AND KCL

1.2 Apparatus required:

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 3

Table 1.2 Tabulation for Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Table 1.3 Tabulation for Kirchhoff’s Current Law

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 4

1.5 Model calculations:

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 5

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 6

1.5.2 Kirchhoff’s current law:

1.7 Viva questions:

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 7

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 8

2.(i) MEASUREMENT OF VOLTAGE,

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 9

Ba.1 Circuit diagrams:

Fig. 2.1 Circuit diagram for measurement of power on 1-ф transformer

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 10

2a. (i) MEASUREMENT OF VOLTAGE,CURRENT AND REAL

2a.3 Apparatus required:

Table 2a.3 Tabulation for load test on 1-ф transformer

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 12

2a.6 Model calculations:

2a.8 Viva questions:

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 13

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 14

Bb.1 Circuit diagrams:

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 15

Fig. 2b.1 Star /Star Connection Fig. 2b.2.Delta/Delta

Fig.2b.3.Star/Delta Connection-300 Connection Fig.2b.4.Star/Delta Connection+300 Connection

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 16

2b.(ii)VERIFICATION OF RELATION BETWEEN VOLTAGE AND

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 17

Table 2b.2 Tabulation for Star/Star (Y/Y) Connection

Table 2b.3 Tabulation for Delta/Delta (A/A) Connection

Table 2b.4 Tabulation for Star/Delta (Y/A) Connection

Table 2b.5 Tabulation for Delta/ Star (A/Y) Connection

2b.5 Model calculations:

Star connections IL = Ip and VL = √3 Vp

2b.7 Viva questions:

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 19

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 20

3. MEASUREMENT OF ACTIVE AND

C.1 Circuit diagrams:

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 21

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, VBIT 22

3. MEASUREMENT OF 3-PHASE ACTIVE AND REACTIVE

3.2 Apparatus required:

1 Inductive Load 415V, 20A 3–Φ 1

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3.5 Theoretical calculations:

3.7 Viva questions:

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