Validity of the instrument

The researcher with the help of two supervisors used the Content Validity Index (CVI) which is a

scale developed by computing or rating the relevant items in the instrument or questionnaire by

checking their clarity, their meaningfulness in line with all objectives stated and dividing by the

total number of items. The total number of items on the questionnaire was 172 and those found

relevant were 165, giving a CVI of 0.96 calculated as bellow:

Relevant Items 165

CVI= = =0.96
Total Number of Items 172

Since the result obtained (0.96) was above 0.6, the instrument was regarded to be valid for the

study as recommended by Lynn, 1986.

Reliability of the Study

The researcher ensured reliability or the degree of consistency and precision in which the

measuring of instruments is demonstrated (Amin, 2005). This was achieved by carrying out a

pre-test study where data of 25 questionnaires were administered in a similar city which was not

part of the study. The collected data were entered in Statistic Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)

to check reliability of the study using Cronbanch’s alpha coefficient (2004) and a figure of 0.944

was obtained which was above 0.7. The instrument was therefore considered to be reliable for

the study.

Table X: Showing Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
0.944 165