‫ﺃﺣﻮﺍﺽ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺳؤﺍﻝ ﺑﺒﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺃﻧﻮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺑﻴﺒﻨﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻭﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﺤﻄﻮﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺔ ﻭ ﻋﻢ ﻳﺒﻨﻮﻫﺎ ؟؟‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺒﻨﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻂ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕ ؟‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺒﻨﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﺸﻂ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﺰﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﺒﺤﺮ ؟؟ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﺑﻨﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﻟﺘﻨﺰﻭﻝ ﻣﺎﺭﺡ ﺗﺘﺨﺪﺵ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺠﺮﻭﺡ ؟؟ ﻭ ﻫﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺑﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﺑﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺘﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻟﺒﻠﺪ ؟؟؟‬

‫ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ‪،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﺼﺎ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻧﺊ ﺑﻮﻟﻨﺪﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﺪﻧﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻫﻴﻜﻼ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ‪،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻀﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺠﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺣﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﺰﻣﺎﺕ ‪،‬ﻭﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﻤﺘﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻧﺰﺍﻟﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ‪،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﻥ ‪،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺬﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺃﺣﻮﺍﺽ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺃ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺸﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺜﻨﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﺽ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻑ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻤﻮﺭ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﺎﻡ ﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﺊ( ﻭﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ‪،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻧﺰﺍﻟﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﺗﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻧﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﻨﺔ ‪block keel‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ( ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ‪) shoes bilge‬ﺍﻟﻨﻀﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻌﺮﺓ( ‪،‬ﻭﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺼﺔ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ ‪ % 80‬ﻣﻦ ﻭﺯِﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺎﺿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﻞ ﺧﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺯﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺭﺗﻜﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺳﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎءﺍﺕ ﻗﻌﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ‪،‬ﻭﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺰﻟﻘﺎﻥ ‪ Way slip‬ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﺃﻳﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻣﺠﺮﻯ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭِﺽ ﻭﻣﻤﺘﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻉ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺤﺪﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻳﻨﺰﻟﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻳﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻟﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ‪،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻧﺰﺍﻟﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺗﻨﺰﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻧﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻓﻴﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﺣﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ‪،‬ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺰﻟﻴﻖ‬
‫)ﺗﺸﺤﻴﻢ( ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺗﻄﻔﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﺤﺐ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻹﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﺫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻧﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺰﻟﻘﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻐﻮﺹ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ‪،‬ﺗﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻬﺎ ‪،‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﺴﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻓﻊ ‪،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻄﺎﺳﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺧﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﻗﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻤﻮﺭ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﻘﺘﻄﻊ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﺊ ﻭﻳﺠﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼﺕ‬
‫‪،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻋﻪ ﺃﺧﻔﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ‪،‬ﻭﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻤﻨﺼﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﺒﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ ‪، gate cofferdam‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ ‪،‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ ﻭﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺔ ﺑﺈﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺑﻀﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺔ ‪،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻌﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ ﻭﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ‪،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﺤﺐ ﺟﺎﻫﺰﺓ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ )ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪( B‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻢ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﻋﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺮﻑ ‪ U‬ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻠﻒ ﻭﻣﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ‪،‬ﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻗﻌﺮ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺝ ﻭﺟﺪﺭﺍﻥ )ﺟﻨﺎﺣﺎﻥ( ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺧﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻤﻨﺼﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻌﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺪﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ ﻳﻤﻸ ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻓﻴﻐﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺼﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﻍ ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻀﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺎ ﻓﻴﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ‬

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 ‫ﺃﺣﻮﺍﺽ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻴﺄﺓ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻧﺰﺍﻟﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
( A ‫ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺎ )ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

: ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ‬
Ship Construction (Fifth edition) by: D. J. Eyres

: ‫ﻓﺪﻳﻮ ﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻧﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻔﻦ‬

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkYuiHmklZA

‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
http://www.motorship.com/news101/industry-news/india-teh-next-shipbuilding-hub:
http://www.marefa.org/index.php/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B6_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7
%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%86
-http://www.arab
ency.com/index.php?module=pnEncyclopedia&func=display_term&id=5537&m=1

: ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻝ‬

Ahmad Bayazeed :‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬

Mohammad Abo Moussa :‫ﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬

Amer Saleh :‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬

Yosef Agha :‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬

Mohammad Abo Moussa :‫ﻧﺸﺮ‬

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