CHAPTER 6: CELL DIVISION

6.1: CELL DIVISION

6.1.1: Describe karyokinesis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division)
6.1.2 Describe the terms haploid, diploid, chromatin, homologous chromosomes,
paternal chromosome and maternal chromosome.
 chromatid

Chromatin
(thread like
structure)

or sister
chromatid
What is CELL DIVISION?

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into

two or more daughter cells. By 2 main process:

MITOSIS: a type of cell division that results in two daughter

cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes
as the parent nucleus.

MEIOSIS: a type of cell division that results in four daughter

cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent
cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores
TERMS
Homologous Chromosome: A couple of homologous chromosomes, or homologs, are a
set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a
cell during fertilization.

Somatic cell: Any cell of the body except sperm and egg cells. Somatic cells are diploid,
meaning that they contain two sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent (total
46 chromosomes).

Gamete cell: Sperm or ovum cell, are haploid, meaning that they contain one sets of
chromosomes, from each individual (total 23 chromosomes). They will fuses with another
haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that sexually reproduce.
Karyokinesis & Cytokinesis
What is Karyokinesis?
Karyokinesis is the step during cell division where the nucleus divides to form two
daughter nuclei. It is usually followed by cytokinesis. In this process, the DNA
condenses and the chromosomal material divides equally into two halves.

What is Cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis means “cytoplasmic division”. The cell first undergoes karyokinesis
where the nucleus divides into two, and then the cytoplasmic division takes place.
All the cytoplasm and cell organelles of the mother cell are passed on to each
daughter cell. The process is dependent on karyokinesis.
Karyokinesis vs Cytokinesis
Karyokinesis Cytokinesis

Meaning

Karyokinesis means the process of Cytokinesis means the process of

division of the nucleus. division of cytoplasm.

Steps

First step of M phase. Second step of M phase.

Division

The cytoplasm, cell organelles and the

The nucleus gets divided into two
nuclei divide and are passed on to
daughter nuclei.
daughter cells equally.

Dependency

It can occur with or without cytokinesis. It is dependent on karyokinesis.