Date: 2020-02-21

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Contents 1: Variation in measurement processes: 2 1.1: Variability of results: 2 1.2: Repeatability 2 1.3: Uncertainty of measurement 3 2:
Potential causes for the variation from: 3 2.1: The piece being measured 3 2.2: The person taking the measurement and the training
received on using instrument 3 2.3: Right or wrong method/procedure used for taking the measurement 3 2.4: Accuracy of the instrument
itself 4 2.5: Any other potential reasons for the variability 4 Assignment 1 1: Variation in measurement processes: Metrology is a science of
measurement it’s the relationship between the input and output of the system. If the input and output are the same then instrument will be
said as to pass the calibration. While measuring the data of product we often found variation the actual and the true value of the
measurement. This causes the variability in the data. The genuine inconstancy is entirety of the procedure fluctuation and the estimation
changeability. Both the procedure just as the estimation inconstancy must be assessed and improved together. There are two kinds of
estimation blunders, the measurement system bias calibration and the measurement framework variety G R study. In the estimation
framework predisposition adjustment study, the all-out mean is an entirety of the procedure mean and the estimation mean. Then again, in
the estimation framework variety G R study, the complete fluctuation is an aggregate of the procedure difference and estimation change.
1.1: Variability of results: It’s our common practice to do measurement of different manufactured parts in the industry. We repeat our
measurements again and again in order to get perfect readings data. But always there’s some sort of variation the our measured readings
even the conditions plus the instrument for the readings are same. These variations are due to the five basic metrology elements that are
standard, work-piece, instrument, person and procedure and the environment. There are many sources of variation. The observed process
variation is further categorized as the actual process variation and the measurement variation. Part to part variation is the variation across
the different parts as shown in the figure. Figure 1 The variation is actually occurs due to the errors. These errors can be of various types
Like Systematic error or personal error etc. There can be various sources of measurement errors like input, process and output. In these
phases of the product error can occur and our measurement can change. 1.2: Repeatability Measurement system variation is further
categorized into two forms that are repeatability and reproducibility. Sources of variation contain gages, standards, procedures, software,
environmental components, and so on. Repeatability is the variation which is noticed when the same operator measures the similar part
numerous times with the use of same gage under the same circumstances while the reproducibility variation is due to is observation of
different operators when they measure the similar part several time by the use of same gage under same circumstances. 1.3: Uncertainty of
measurement The uncertainty of measurements came in our mind due different sources. Some of these will lead to a steady error in the
result. Figure 2 In uncertainty condition we always got stuck between whether the our true and experimental value is correct or not. There
are some steps that should be taken in order to lower the uncertainty. Regular traceable calibration method is used to reduce uncertainty. 2:
Potential causes for the variation from: 2.1: The piece being measured There are various potential causes for the variation in the piece
measured in measurement processes. It can be the surface finish that is measured within the piece or it can be either the piece to piece
variation that is among the piece that are made at the same time under the identical gage and the same conditions or it can be the time to
time variation that is in the same product but different time of the day. 2.2: The person taking the measurement and the training received on
using instrument This can also be the cause of variation the product measurement because if someone is not skilled in taking the
measurement or either if he don’t know the proper use of the instrument it will lead to the variation the true and experimental value of the
product measurement. This type of error is called personal error or the negligence of the person of the person isn’t skilled and there’s any
error in the instrument then it will be referred as the instrument error or systematic error 2.3: Right or wrong method/procedure used for
taking the measurement If a person doesn’t know the right use of the instrument that used to the measurement of the product it will lead
towards the mistake in the experimental value and results will be wrong. So the person should be trained much for the usage of the
instrument. The mistakes that are common in this area are * Just Having Metrics is Enough * The More Metrics, the Better * Value
Judgments Should be Assigned to Volumes * Let the Numbers Speak for Themselves * If it’s a Good Metric Now, It’ll Be a Good Metric
Later So these are the common mistakes we don’t do while taking the measurement. 2.4: Accuracy of the instrument itself Accuracy of the
instrument itself play an important role in the measurement variation. For example if the instrument is not accurate the measurement will be
different from the true value. This can cause the systematic error. Figure 3 2.5: Any other potential reasons for the variability There can be
some other potential causes for the variability in the measurement of the product like light is one of them; in dark environment it will be
difficult for you to read the reading so it can cause an error. The variability can also be due to different body posture or you can say hand
movements while using the instrument to measure the data. Negligence of human can also cause the variation the measured and observed
data.