Contents

Experiment No. 1......................................................................................................................1

1: Objectives.............................................................................................................................1
2: Problem statement...............................................................................................................1
3: Theory...................................................................................................................................1
3.1: Time Study.....................................................................................................................1
3.2: Observed time................................................................................................................1
3.2: Motion Study.................................................................................................................1
3.4: Normal time or basic time............................................................................................1
3.5: Allowances:....................................................................................................................1
3.6: Standard time:...............................................................................................................2
3.7: Rating:............................................................................................................................2
4: Apparatus:............................................................................................................................2
5: Procedure:............................................................................................................................2
6: Data collection:.....................................................................................................................2
7: Comments and conclusion...................................................................................................2
8: References:...........................................................................................................................3
 Experiment No. 1

1: Objectives
To calculate “basic time” and “standard time” for a given activity (Pin Hole Assembly) and
find rating of the worker.

2: Problem statement
To utilize the workforce effectively and perform the tasks in a best possible manner is very
difficult to manage especially when there is very large work force in an organization. To
standardize the time of different activities, time and motion study of workers at their
workplace is performed.

3: Theory
A time and motion study (or time-motion study) is a business efficiency technique combining
the Time Study work of Frederick Winslow Taylor with the Motion Study work of Frank and
Lillian Gilbreth. Time and Motion study plays very important role in to manufacturing
domain to enhance production quality and utilize maximum resource capacity in minimum
time.[1]

3.1: Time Study

Time study is also called work measurement. It is essential for both planning and control
of operations and is defined as “technique designed to establish the time for a qualified
worker to carry out a specified job at a defined level of performance.”

3.2: Observed time

The time it takes an administrator to play out an assignment while being watched for time
study purposes. Observed times don't consider possibilities like machine breakdowns or
the administrator's capacity and are basically the time taken by the specific administrator
being seen to finish the assignment. [2]

3.2: Motion Study

Science of eliminating wastefulness resulting from ill-directed and inefficient motions”.
Subsequently, the scope of Motion Study was enlarged, and it was named as Method
Study.

3.4: Normal time or basic time

The average time taken by the worker to perform a given task is called Normal time or
basic time. It also does not include any allowances. [3]

Observed time
Normal Time= × Rating
100

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 3.5: Allowances:
Allowances in time study can be defined as the extra time figures which are to be added
to the basic time of an operation to account for personnel desires, delays, fatigue of
operators, any special situation and the policies of the firm or organization. [4]

3.6: Standard time:

Sum of basic time and allowances is called standard time. Standard time is the time
allowed to an operator to carry out the specified task under specified condition and
defined level of performance.

3.7: Rating:
Performance rating is the step in the work measurement in which the analyst observes the
worker's performance and records a value representing that performance relative to the
analyst's concept of standard performance.

4: Apparatus:
 Stop watch  Pin hole assembly

5: Procedure:
 First set the clock time to zero
 then take the wooden block or the object in which the holes are present
 Then take pins
 Put the pins inside the holes
 Note the time for the whole activity
 Calculate standard time
 Rate the worker according to defined level of performance

6: Data collection:
Observed Time Normal Time Standard Time
Serial No. Rating
(sec) (sec) (sec)
1. 28.05 95 % 26.64 28.23
2. 36.94 80 % 29.55 31.32
3. 27.9 100 % 27.9 29.57
4. 33.40 85 % 28.39 30.09
5. 31.96 90 % 28.76 30.48
6. 33.85 84 % 28.4 30.1
7. 29.21 94 % 27.45 29.09

7: Comments and conclusion

Observed Time may be greater or lower than Basic Time while basic Time is always lower
than Standard Time. To set Standard Time of a job we must add allowances to Basic Time. 

8: References:
[1] https://www.managementstudyguide.com/work-study-and-industrial-engineering.htm

2
[2] https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/observed-time-18
[3] https://brainmass.com/business/business-management/calculating-standard-time-normal-time-
observed-time-497274

[4] http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/ergonomics/work-measurement/allowances-in-time-study-
definition-reasons-and-types/34502