ICS 27.

100
P 61
REG No.: J 412-2005

ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY STANDARDS

DL
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
中华人民共和国电力行业标准
P DL/T 5203-2005

Technical Code for Explosion Prevention Design of

Coal and Pulverized Coal Preparation System of
Fossil Fuel Power Plant

火力发电厂煤和制粉系统防爆设计技术规程

Issued on: February 14, 2005 Implemented on: June 1, 2005

Issued by National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s

Republic of China
 Contents

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................... 1

2 Normative references........................................................................................................... 2

3 Terms and definitions .......................................................................................................... 3

3.1 Basic conception ....................................................................................................... 3

3.2 Pulverized coal cloud explosibility ........................................................................... 4

3.3 Explosion prevention of pulverized coal cloud......................................................... 6

3.4 Explosion control of pulverized coal cloud .............................................................. 7

4 Designs ...............................................................................................................................11

4.1 General provision.....................................................................................................11

4.2 System configuration .............................................................................................. 13

4.3 Building and structure............................................................................................. 15

4.4 Cylindrical silo and raw coal bunker ...................................................................... 16

4.5 Equipment, duct and component in pulverized coal preparation system................ 17

4.6 Duct and fume, air duct design ............................................................................... 19

4.7 Pulverized coal bin.................................................................................................. 21

4.8 Dust control unit ..................................................................................................... 22

4.9 Instrument and control ............................................................................................ 22

4.10 Explosion door...................................................................................................... 25

4.11 Vent discharge duct for explosion door................................................................. 28

5 Operation ........................................................................................................................... 30

5.1 General requirements.............................................................................................. 30

5.2 Start-up……………………………………………………………………………30
5.3 Operation ................................................................................................................ 31

5.4 Abnormal operation ................................................................................................ 32

5.5 Shutdown ................................................................................................................ 34

 Foreword

This standard is formulated according to requirements of “Notice on Issuing Standard

System and Programs for Revision of Power Industry in 2000” (Document Dianli [2000]
No.70) of former State Economic and Trade Commission.

China had not formulated or issued technical code for explosion prevention design of
coal and pulverized coal preparation system, and only referred technology of USSR or
western countries as well as relevant standards.

In terms of explosion prevention of coal and pulverized coal preparation system,

technical standards of different countries are different because of their different
manufacturing technology and control level. For explosion prevention, which attracted
comprehensive attention, they are different in depth, scope, method and technical standards.
Therefore, protection depth and scope are different owing to difference of referenced
standards in engineering design. This standard is formulated with the purpose of putting
forward basic requirements of explosion prevention design and operation of system and
equipment for coal conveying, storage and pulverized coal preparation; offering proper and
necessary protection to prevent kindling and explosion of coal and pulverized coal; as well as
offering measures to reduce personal injury and property damage that caused by explosion, so
as to create conditions for safe operation of boiler unit.

This standard was proposed by China Electricity Council.

This standard is explained by and under jurisdiction of Power Planning and Design
Standardization Technical Committee.

This standard was drafted by Northeast Electric Power Design Institute under the
assistance from Taiyuan Pulande Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd.

This standard was prepared by Shi Yadong, Zhou Ziben and Liang Hui.
 1 Scope

This standard specifies the basic requirements of explosion prevention design for coal
conveying, storage and pulverized coal preparation of coal-fired power plant, as well as such
design for relevant flue, air duct and dust ignition.

This standard is applicable to coal and pulverized coal preparation system of coal-fired
power plant, as well as explosion and ignition of pulverized coal cloud in enclosure (such as
raw coal bunker, pulverized coal bin, coarse and fine pulverized coal separator as well as
cylindrical silo etc.). For coal-fired power plant using multi-fuel ignition of coal and fuel oil
or that of coal and fuel gas, it shall comply with this standard for contents related to coal.

This standard is not applicable to enclosure that produces extremely large internal
pressure due to external flame or being exposed to other ignition source. If there are explosion
prevention requirements of boiler furnace and boiler ignition system, it is not applicable to
detonation and unconditional explosion and ignition.

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 2 Normative references

The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this standard,
constitute provisions of this standard. For dated reference, subsequent amendments to
(excluding corrections), or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However,
parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
applying the most recent editions of the documents. For undated references, the latest edition
of the normative document referred to applies.

——GB/T 16426 Determination for Maximum Explosion Pressure and Maximum

Rate of Pressure Rise of Dust Cloud

——GB 50058 Electrical installations design code for explosive atmospheres and fire
hazard

——DL/T 435-2004 Code for the Prevention of Pulverized Coal Firing Furnace
Explosions in Power Plant Boilers

——DL/T 466-2004 Guide for Type Selection for Pulverizers and Pulverizing Systems
of Power Station

——DL 5000 Technical Code for Designing Fossil Fuel Power Plants

——DL/T 5035-2004 Technical Code for Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Design of Fossil Fuel Power Plant

——DL/T 5121-2000 Technical Code for Design of Thermal Power Plant Air & Flue
Gas Ducts/ Raw Coal & Pulverized Coal Piping

——DL/T 5145-2002 Technical Code for Design and Calculation of Pulverized Coal
Preparation System of Fossil-fired Power Plant

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 3 Terms and definitions

3.1 Basic conception

3.1.1 Coal spontaneous ignition tendency

It refers to characteristic of difficult degree of coal spontaneous ignition. Coal

spontaneous ignition tendency is related to coal's oxygen uptake capacity, moisture capacity,
total sulfur content as well as granularity and other characteristics. According to difference of
coal’s oxygen uptake capacity and total sulfur content, spontaneous ignition tendency may be
divided into three grades as showed in Table 3.1.1

Table 3.1.1 Classification chart for coal spontaneous ignition tendency

Coal’s oxygen uptake capacity

cm3 /g (Dry coal)
Spontaneous Spontaneous Total sulfur content (only
high-sulphur coal and
ignition tendency ignition applicable to high-sulphur
Lignite and anthracite type Whose
grade tendency coal and anthracite type) %
soft coal type volatile constituent of dry
ash-free basis is ≤18.0%

Easy
Ⅰ spontaneous ≥0.71 >1.00 >2.00
ignition

Spontaneous
Ⅱ 0.41~0.70 ≤1.00 ≥2.00
ignition

Difficult
Ⅲ spontaneous ≤0.40 ≥0.80 <2.00
ignition

3.1.2 Inert gas

It refers to incombustible gas without reaction, and it makes combustible material in

system be unable to maintain burning.

3.1.3 Enclosure

It refers to objects enclose coal or pulverized coal, such as room, building, container,
facility or pipeline.

3.1.4 Raw coal bunker

It refers to enclosure used to store raw coal.

3.1.5 Cylindrical silo

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 It refers to cylindrical enclosure used as coal-blending facility, cushioning facility of
coal-transporting system and coal-storing facility.

3.1.6 Pulverized coal bin

It refers to enclosure used to store pulverized coal.

3.2 Pulverized coal cloud explosibility

3.2.1 Parameters of pulverized coal cloud explosibility

It refers to parameters used to describe relative explosive risk of different pulverized coal
cloud such as explosion sensitivity parameter of pulverized coal cloud and explosion intensity
parameter of pulverized coal cloud.

3.2.2 Explosion sensitivity of pulverized coal cloud

It refers to difficult degree of pulverized coal cloud getting into burning and explosion,
and usually has close relation with volatile constituent of coal's dry ash-free basis; lowest
kindling temperature of pulverized coal cloud, that of pulverized coal layer, minimum
kindling energy of pulverized coal cloud, and density of lower explosive limit shall be used as
discriminant parameters for explosion sensitivity of pulverized coal cloud. The lower of these
parameter values, the higher of explosion sensitivity of pulverized coal cloud, as well as
kindling and explosion is easier.

This standard takes explosion sensitivity index of pulverized coal as major parameter for
classification of explosion sensitivity of pulverized coal.

3.2.3 Explosion sensitivity index of pulverized coal cloud (Kd)

It refers to parameter used to estimate difficult degree for explosion of pulverized coal
cloud. It can be calculated according to combined influence of fuel activity (content and
caloricity of flammable volatile constituent) and fuel inertia (ash and coke content in fuel).
Explosion sensitivity index of pulverized coal cloud shall be calculated according to section
3.8 of DL/T 466-2004.

Synonym: Explosibility index of pulverized coal

3.2.4 Explosion sensitivity classes of pulverized coal cloud

According to explosion sensitivity index value (Kd), Difficult degree for explosion of
pulverized coal cloud can be divided into three classes, refer to Table3.2.4.

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 Table 3.2.4 Explosion sensitivity classes of pulverized coal cloud

Explosion sensitivity index of pulverized coal cloud Explosion sensitivity of pulverized coal cloud

K d <1.0 Difficult

1.0<K d <3.0 Medium

K d ≥3.0 Easy

3.2.5 Explosion intensity of pulverized coal cloud

It refers to severity of damage caused by pulverized coal cloud explosion. Maximum

explosion pressure of pulverized coal cloud (pmax), Maximum explosion pressure rise rate of

 dp  
pulverized coal cloud    and maximum explosion index of pulverized coal cloud
 dt  max 
(Kmax) usually is used as discriminant parameters for explosion intensity of pulverized coal
cloud. The larger aforesaid parameter, the stronger explosion intensity and severity of
explosion hazard will be. Explosion intensity of pulverized coal cloud is different from
explosion sensitivity, and can't be used for estimating difficult degree of kindling and
explosion of pulverized coal cloud.

3.2.6 Maximum explosion pressure of pulverized coal cloud

Under specified cubage and kindling energy, in concentration range of ignitable dust in
pulverized coal cloud, maximum gauge pressure value in all explosion pressure peaks
corresponding to different concentration values

For majority of pulverized coal cloud, maximum explosion pressure occurs during
explosion in closed container (pmax) is 6~10 times of absolute pressure in state of kindling.

3.2.7 Maximum explosion intensity index of pulverized coal cloud (Kmax)

When assigned pulverized coal cloud explodes in closed container, arithmetic product of
maximum explosion pressure rise rate and cubage’s cube root of the container shall be a
constant, which is named as explosion intensity index of pulverized coal cloud, namely:

 dp 
K max =   V 1 / 3 (3.2.7)
 dt  max
Where: V——The cubage of the explosion container, m3;

 dp 
  ——Maximum explosion pressure rise rate of pulverized coal cloud; it is
 dt  max
pressure when explosion produces maximum explosion pressure
under specified cubage and kindling energy-maximum value of slope
coefficient of time ascending curve, And it is a scale to measure

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 burning rate, explosion severity which is to say explosion intensity.
This parameter shall be measured in 1m3 explosion containers as
specified in international standard or in equivalent explosive material.
It usually is measured in specific 20L ball device, MPa/s;
Kmax——Maximum explosion intensity index of pulverized coal cloud,
MPa · m/s.

The larger Kmax is, the stronger explosion will be, and namely explosion intensity will be
higher. It is a scale to measure explosion hazard classes and explosion intensity of pulverized
coal cloud.

Synonym: maximize explosion index of pulverized coal cloud.

3.2.8 Explosion intensity classes of pulverized coal cloud

Explosion severity of pulverized coal cloud can be divided into three classes according
to explosion intensity index value (Kmax). Refer to Table3.2.8.

Table3.2.8 Explosion classes of pulverized coal cloud

Explosion intensity index K max Maximum explosion pressure p max

Explosion intensity classes
MPa · m/s MPa

>0.0~20.0 ≤1.0 St1

>20.0~30.0 ≤1.0 St2

>30.0 ≤1.2 St3

3.3 Explosion prevention of pulverized coal cloud

3.3.1 Explosion prevention

It refers to technology used to remove forming conditions of flammable pulverized coal

or pulverized coal cloud, or any other possible ignition source, so as to prevent explosion of
pulverized coal.

3.3.2 Inerting

It refers to the method filling adequate inert gas or steam into location with risk of
pulverized coal explosion, or spreading inert dust on pulverized coal layer to make the ash
mixture lose explosibility.

3.3.3 Maximum permissible oxygen content concentration

It refers to maximum value of oxygen volume percentage when reducing oxygen content
concentration to prevent pulverized coal explosion, and make pulverized coal explosion cloud
in controlled space can’t be kindled.

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3.3.4 Inert atmosphere

In the field of explosion, when maximum permissible oxygen content concentration

reaches the degree that pulverized coal explosion cloud can't be kindled, it is inert atmosphere.
Under atmospheric pressure, maximum permissible oxygen content concentration counted
with moisture volume percentage is: 12%for lignite; 14% for bitumite.

3.4 Explosion control of pulverized coal cloud

3.4.1 Venting of dust explosion

It refers to an explosion control technology so as to protect enclosure from damage when

explosion occurs in enclosure where pulverized coal and air exist, through venting high
temperature and pressurized combustion products and non-burnt products generate in
explosion to safe direction through vulnerable area of enclosure before explosion pressure
reaching enclosure’s ultimate strength. Venting of dust explosion can not stop explosion but
only alleviate damage of explosion.

Synonym: pressure relief.

3.4.2 Reduced pressure (pred,max, MPa)

Maximum gauge pressure appears in equipment after venting of dust explosion.

Synonym: pressure after venting of dust explosion.

3.4.3 Explosion pressure resistance design

It refers to a design that protecting equipment and pipelines from irreversible

deformation under explosion pressure which is calculated as maximum explosion pressure.

3.4.4 Explosion shock-resistance pressure design

It refers to a design calculated with maximum explosion shock pressure, which may
protect equipment and pipelines from avulsion but may suffer irreversible deformation under
explosion shock.

3.4.5 Explosion door

It refers to the device that opens or blasts rapidly under pre-determined pressure when
explosion occurs, so as to reduce explosion pressure; it comprises automatic start-stop type
and diaphragm explosion type.

Synonym: vent door.

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3.4.6 Opening and closing automatically explosion door

It refers to an explosion vent device: when explosion pressure reaches predetermined

value, its door sheet will be opened by pressure of interior medium so as to vent pressure, and
it can automatically reset to close explosion vent mouth after the action. It can effectively
prevent second explosion and combustion caused by air back flow. It comprises gravity type,
superconduct magnetic pretension type, and supervisor type etc.

3.4.7 Diaphragm explosion door diaphragm explosion door, bursting disks

It refers to a pressure relief device: its diaphragm will be broken by pressure of interior
medium when explosion pressure reached predetermined value. The explosion vent mouth
will retain open until replaced by new diaphragm.

Synonym: bursting disks, bursting panels.

3.4.8 Vent duct for explosion door

Duct fixed at front or back of explosion door: after blasting or action of explosion door,
it can vent airflow such as exploded pressure wave and flame out of enclosure of building.

Synonym: vent discharge duct for explosion door.

3.4.9 Explosion vent devices

Package unit fixed on enclosure, which comprises explosion door and vent discharge
duct, and used to vent explosion.

Synonym: pressure relief device.

3.4.10 Flame arrester

It refers to implement fixed in pipeline that pulverized coal cloud pass through and used
to prevent passing of combustion flame of pulverized coal.

3.4.11 Static activation pressure (pstat)

It refers to average pressure during operation of explosion door device.

3.4.12 Dynamic activation pressure

It refers to pressure acts on explosion vent devices and makes them working at the
beginning of explosion. It is related to pressure rise velocity, diameter of explosion vent
mouth and vent discharge duct. It is a little higher than static activation pressure.

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3.4.13 Equivalent diameter (DE, m)

It refers to diameter of round area (DE) which is equal to cross-sectional area (A*) of
non-round enclosure which perpendicular to space longitudinal axis.

A*
* DE = 2 (3.4.13)
π

Where: A*——It represents Cross-sectional area of non-round enclosure which

perpendicular to space longitudinal axis, m2.

3.4.14 Length to diameter ratio (L/DE)

It refers to ratio of size of longest straight line from midpoint of pressure relief area on
enclosure (approximately length or height of enclosure L, m) to equivalent diameter (DE, m)
of maximum area perpendicular to the straight line.

3.4.15 Vent area

It refers to geometrical vent area of explosion vent device used to vent explosion
pressure in enclosure.

Synonym: venting area of dust explosion.

3.4.16 Effective vent area

Vent area of explosion vent devices that are able to effectively vent explosion pressure in
enclosure. It is used to represent vent area of pressure explosion vent devices which has equal
effectiveness with explosion vent devices without inertial pressure.

Synonym: effective venting area of dust explosion.

3.4.17 Vent efficiency

Ratio of effective vent area which is required for venting under equal opening pressure
and acquiring equal vent pressure in enclosures of equal capacity to vent area of such
explosion vent device is named as vent efficiency of such explosion vent device.

3.4.1 8 Ratio of vent area to vessel volume

It refers to ratio of effective vent area (m2) to unit volume of enclosure (m3).

3.4.19 Recoil force (Fr)

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 It refers to counterforce of vented fluid works on enclosure's wall panel or component
which adverse to flow direction of venting of dust explosion.

3.4.20 Maximum recoil force (Fmax, r)

It refers to maximum recoil force of vented fluid produces during maximum vent
pressure.

3.4.21 Enclosure strength

It refers to maximum internal pressure of enclosure's weakest section can bear up.

3.4.22 Coal pulverizer outlet maximum temperature (tM2, max)

It refers to coal pulverizer outlet maximum temperature determined according to

conditions of explosion prevention and coal pulverizer permissible temperature. It is related to
several factors such as coal pulverizer type, characteristic of coal quality and drying medium
composition. For coal-pulverized storage system with steel ball, it usually refers to
temperature of coal pulverizer outlet medium; for pair in-out steel ball coal pulverizer,
medium-speed coal pulverizer and fan coal pulverizer with unit pulverized-coal system, it
usually refers to medium temperature of pulverized coal classifier.

3.4.23 Isolating damper (isolating valve, barrier valve)

It refers to damper used to prevent furnace exhaust reversed flowing into any system
component opened for inspection or maintenance, or damper used to isolate air or fume
during systems operation, and it may be not tight. It is called isolating damper for rectangular
duct; and called isolating valve for round duct.

3.4.24 Shut-off damper (shut-off valve, dusttight valve)

It refers to a kind of tight damper which can farthest reduce air or fume entering any
system component through it. It is called shut-off damper for rectangular duct; called shut-off
valve for round duct.

Synonym: shutoff door, sealed damper (valve).

3.4.25 Control damper (control valve)

Controllable damper used to regulate flue, wind pressure or flow rate. It is called control
damper for rectangular duct; called control valve for round duct.

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 4 Designs

4.1 General provision

4.1.1 Explosion prevention design shall follow the guideline “safety first and giving priority
to prevention”, so as to guarantee personal safety, reduce facility breakage and keep normal
system running. Explosion prevention design shall follow the following principles:

1 Adopt measures to farthest reduce possibility of explosion.

2 Reduce influence scope of explosion and lower loss to minimum limit.

3 Adopt measures of mature technology and economic feasibility so as to prevent

explosion.

4 Adopt different measures according to characteristic of coal quality, features of plant

unit and system.

5 Be convenient for installation, operation and attendance.

4.1.2 Materials on coal quality shall be collected according to the following principles and
specific conditions of designed coal types:

1 General coals those have been adopted by engineering and without any special
problems may only required to collect materials on coal quality, such as industrial analysis,
elementary analysis and ash composition analysis, as well as work out explosion sensitivity
index of pulverized coal cloud.

2 For coal with cementation tendency, which is estimated according to past practical
experience or analyses of ash component, it is required to collect documents about sphericity
index, angle of internal friction, angle of external friction, angle of repose, surface moisture of
coal, separation size composition and clay composition, as well as their influence to
gumminess.

3 For coal of high explosion sensitivity index and requires special explosion prevention
design, complemental information shall be collected such as maximum explosion pressure,
maximum pressure rise rate and maximum explosion intensity index of pulverized coal cloud
which are measured according to GB/T 16426; for coal of high natural tendency,
complemental information shall be collected like parameters to estimate its spontaneous
ignition tendency classes.

4 For new coal without engineering service experience, document including aforesaid
relevant parameters shall be collected. These collected documents about coal quality and

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possible variation range shall be considered as gist for explosion prevention design.

4.1.3 According to coal quality characteristics and recommended in chapter 9 in DL/T

466-2004, choose proper type of coal pulverizer and pulverized coal preparation system.

4.1.4 Equipment and component of pulverized coal preparation system for anthracite may
be free from explosion precautions; all the other coal types shall adopt explosion precautions.

4.1.5 According to coal quality, system and equipment status, explosion prevention design
shall adopt one of the following manners:

1 Make system be in inert atmosphere during start-up, switchover, shutdown, normal

operation and all working conditions;

2 Equipment and other components shall be designed according to explosion pressure

resistance or explosion shock - resistance pressure.

3 Installation of explosion vent device, equipment and other components shall be

designed according to reduced pressure.

4.1.6 System designed according to inert atmosphere shall meet the following requirements:

1 Maximum permissible oxygen content concentration (volume quotient of oxygen, %)

in equipment or in moisture admixture at terminal of equipment shall not be larger than those
specified in table 4.1.6.

2 Maximum permissible oxygen content concentration under working conditions such

as system start-up, switchover, shutdown and normal operation shall satisfy those specified in
table 4.1.6.

3 System designed according to inert atmosphere shall be equipped with devices for
monitoring and controlling oxygen (or inert medium) content.

Table 4.1.6 Maximum permissible oxygen content concentration of the inert atmosphere (Volume
quotient) %

Location Bitumite Lignite

In pulverized coal bin 12 10

Pulverizer ( or terminal of system) 14 12

4.1.7 For pulverized coal preparation system designed according to inert or non-inert
atmosphere, maximum permissible temperature at coal pulverizer (or segregator) outlet
should comply with provisions of item 1 of 6.4.2 in DL/T 5145-2002.

4.1.8 When coal-pulverized storage system feeds pulverized-coal with hot air, selection for

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hot air temperature shall be able to make temperature of admixture at connection pipe of
inflamer entrance not exceed the following values: Soft coal<160℃; Lignite<100℃.

For anthracite and soft coal (lean coal) in which volatile constituent of dry ash-free basis
is equal to or less than 15%, iths, its temperature is unrestricted.

4.1.9 Minimum temperature of medium at terminal of pulverized coal preparation system

shall guarantee to prevent moisture coagulation and pulverized coal adherence; the said
temperature shall be 2℃ (for direct firing pulverizing system) or 5℃ (for coal-pulverized
storage system) higher than its exposed points.

4.1.10 Medium of pulverized coal preparation system shall be designed of only

unidirectional flow, namely flow from inlet of fuel and drier to discharge point (hearth or
transportation gathering system).

4.1.11 Manhole, hand-hole and sight-hole on pulverized coal preparation system and
relevant flue and air duct shall possess locking device to avoid being opened during operation
or explosion.

4.1.12 All of equipment and other components of pulverized coal preparation system shall
be made of flame resistant material.

4.1.13 When design strength and structural support for enclosure, equipment and duct
installed with explosion door, exterior load of them shall include maximum recoil force
generated from action of explosion door.

4.2 System configuration

4.2.1 Positive pressure direct firing pulverizing system shall reasonably distribute damper
(valve) according to system characteristics, and shall contain the following items at least:

1 Electric (or manual) coal strobe shall be distributed on coal shoot from raw coal
bunker to coal feeder.

2 Electric coal strobe shall be distributed on coal supply pipe from raw coal bunker to
coal pulverizer.

3 Fast shut-off damper (valve) shall be installed on duct of blending hot primary air and
tempering air at entrance of coal pulverizer or on duct of hot primary air and tempering air.

4 Outlet of coal pulverizer (segregator) shall be equipped with isolating valve

(damper).

5 Shut-off valve shall be distributed on pulverized coal delivering duct (close to

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inflamer) from coal pulverizer to inflamer, excluding those only one coal pulverizer is
equipped for boiler.

4.2.2 Installation for damper (valve) of coal-pulverized storage system shall comply with
the following provisions:

1 Isolating valve can only be distributed in ducts and recirculator pipe in front of
pulverized fuel exhauster, and those from outlet of pulverized fuel exhauster to main burner or
off gas inflamer. It can't be distributed in other pulverized coal pipes. Distribution of isolating
valve shall obviate possibility of pulverized coal deposits and should be distributed in vertical
duct.

2 Isolating valve (isolating damper) shall be distributed on hot air duct at coal
pulverizer inlet. When regulate temperature with in-situ inhaling cold air, cold air control
valve (damper) shall be installed between hot air control valve (damper) and hot air isolating
valve (damper), otherwise, it is required to add cold air isolating valve (damper) open to
atmosphere between hot air control valve and hot air isolating valve or lead in pressure cold
air.

3 Two isolating valves (dampers) shall be installed in hot air duct of drier delivering
system leading to pulverized fuel exhauster, and cold air isolating valve open to atmosphere
shall be installed between the two isolating valves (dampers) (it can be ignored when there is
pressure conditioning cold air).

4.2.3 When coal-pulverized storage system drier delivering pulverized coal, hot air leading
to pulverized fuel exhauster should be drawn out at middle of air pre-heater, so as to satisfy
4.1.8 and requirements of pulverized fuel exhauster to hot air temperature. If the requirements
can’t be met, conditioning pressure (or in-situ) cold air shall be lead in and install relevant
control valve (damper).

4.2.4 For fan coal pulverizer system with high-temperature furnace fume drying, electric
coal strobe shall be installed on coal supply pipe between coal feeder and coal pulverizer.

4.2.5 For circulating fluid bed boiler, when operating pressure of bed body's feeder device is
lower than pressure of boiler furnace that connects with it, it is required to offer clocking
funnel or other facilities to prevent counterflow of combustion product.

4.2.6 Pulverized coal bin and pulverized coal conveyor shall be equipped with fixed drying
pipe system. Drying pipe in pulverized coal bin shall be equipped with long-distance
operating electric isolating valve.

4.2.7 Pulverized coal bin should be equipped with drying pipes leading to adjacent coal
pulverizer system or adjacent boiler pulverized coal preparation system, and may be equipped
with manual isolating valve.

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4.2.8 For soft coal and lignite of high explosion sensitivity (high) and high spontaneous
ignition tendency, pulverized coal transport equipment should not be installed.

4.2.9 Pulverized coal preparation system, except those used to pulverize anthracite, shall be
equipped with fire fighting facilities and the fire fighting system shall be controlled with
quick operated valve.

4.2.10 Inerting system should be installed for inerting when start-up, coal interruption,
shutdown and on fire, so as to reduce explosion hazard. inerting system should be controlled
with quick operated valve.

4.2.11 Pulverized coal preparation system designed according to inert atmosphere shall be
equipped with inerting and fire fighting system.

4.2.12 Measured shall be adopted for even distribution of gas-pulverized coal admixture in
all pulverized coal delivering duct. Variation of pulverized coal quantity in primary air mains
of inflamers in same layer shall not exceed those specified in following provisions: it shall be
10% for direct firing pulverizing system; and shall be 5% for coal-pulverized storage system.

4.2.13 For soft coal and lignite of high explosion sensitivity (high) and high spontaneous
ignition tendency, it is required to install coal pulverizer cooling wind system or use other
explosion precautions when medium speed coal pulverizer is adopted.

4.3 Building and structure

4.3.1 Buildings of coal transportation system, bunker bay and boiler room shall be designed
as workshops classified according to explosion, fire and risk classes as specified in GB50058
and DL 5000.

4.3.2 Glass windows shall be installed for workshop on raw coal bunker and exterior wall of
enclosed type coal transporting bridge. They shall be used to vent toward air direction (rather
than direction of boiler room or steam turbine room).

4.3.3 Buildings of coal transportation system, bunker bay and boiler room shall be built
with smooth interior wall without deposits; they shall reduce height difference of coal falling
at transfer point of band conveyer, possess reliable dust suppression devices, or be equipped
with devices for washing wall and floor.

4.3.4 For buildings of coal transportation system, bunker bay and boiler room, their radiator
shall adopt plain tube which is easy to wash and surface limiting temperature of their radiator
shall not exceed 160℃. Heating with naked flame must not be adopted.

4.3.5 Except those on discharge opening of explosion door or platform for special purpose
platform, stairway and platform of aforesaid buildings shall adopt grid type.

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 4.4 Cylindrical silo and raw coal bunker

4.4.1 When cylindrical silo is used to store coal of high spontaneous ignition tendency, it is
required to install facilities for inerting, explosion prevention, ventilation, temperature and
fuel gas (or inerting medium) monitoring. These facilities include, but not limited to:

1 Safety monitoring device and alarm signal installed according to 4.9.9.

2 Explosion door installed according to 4.10.5

3 Ventilating system installed to discharge fuel gas at upper of cylindrical silo and don't
leave corner pockets.

4 Inerting system shall be installed

5 Facilities to prevent air inleakage at bottom of cylindrical silo

4.4.2 Internal surface of cylindrical silo and raw coal bunker shall be smooth. Their
geometric shape and structure shall keep integral flow of coal being fluently and make coals
discharge through natural flow.

4.4.3 For coal of high tenacity or has hanging and arching tendency, inner lining corrosion-
resistant plate, smooth flame retardant and abrasion-resistance material, or clad stainless steel
sheet should be adopted at exit section of cylindrical silo and raw coal bunker. Devices for
preventing and removing jam should be installed, such as electric or air-actuated
arch-breaking devices installed on sidewall of metallic coal scuttle and other rapping devices.
These devices should adopt long-distance control. When separation angle between wall
surface and horizontal plane at outflow section of raw coal bunker is larger than 70°, rapping
devices may be canceled. For soft coal and lignite of high explosion sensitivity (high) and
high spontaneous ignition tendency, when air-actuated arch breaking is adopted, the air source
should be inert gases.

4.4.4 When used to store soft coal and lignite of high explosion sensitivity (high volatile
constituent) and high spontaneous ignition tendency, raw coal bunker's capacity should take
lower limit as specified in DL 5000.

4.4.5 For raw coal bunker with cylinder bunker, shrinkage factor of section at exit section
shall not be larger than 0.7; diameter of end opening should not be less than 600mm; cut angle
between wall surface and horizontal plane at raw coal bunker's exit section shall not be less
than 60°.

For raw coal bunker with non-cylinder bunker, separation angle between intersecting line
of adjacent walls and horizontal plane shall not be less than 55°; cut angle between wall
surface and horizontal plane shall not be less than 60°. For soft coal and lignite of high

16
tenacity or high explosion sensitivity ( high volatile constituent) and high spontaneous
ignition tendency, separation angle between intersecting line of adjacent walls and horizontal
plane shall not be less than 65°, Cut angle between wall surface and horizontal plane shall not
be less than 70°. Inner side of cut angle between adjacent walls shall be made in arc-shaped,
and semi-diameter of arc shall not be less than 200mm.

For circulating fluid bed boiler, separation angle between wall surface and horizontal
plane at raw coal bunker's exit section shall not be less than 70°.

4.4.6 In severe cold area, bunker wall shall be equipped with frost protection attemperator
for raw coal bunker of steel structure, and that distributed close to workshop's exterior wall, or
exerted raw coal bunker of reinforced concrete.

4.4.7 Fixed junction of inlet duct (DN≥25mm) for leading fire-fighting inert gas should be
installed at upper space of raw coal bunker or bottom of metallic coal scuttle.

4.4.8 It is required to adopt measures to prevent accumulation of air-pulverized coal

admixture and fuel gas in cylindrical silo and raw coal bunker. It is required to corner pockets
at top of cylindrical silo and raw coal bunker so as to prevent accumulation of fuel gas and
pulverized coal. It is required to install exhaust for discharging fuel gas and pulverized coal
admixture.

4.4.9 For systems of coal feeder and/or coal pulverizer, which operate under positive
pressure, it is required to prevent entering of hot air and/or fume through bottom of raw coal
bunker. Adequate height of sealing coal pillar shall be kept on top of coal feeder.

4.4.10 Length-diameter ratio of raw coal bunker or cylindrical silo shall be less than 5:1.

4.5 Equipment, duct and component in pulverized coal preparation system

4.5.1 Equipment, duct and component in pulverized coal preparation system shall be
air-tight type, so as to avoid pulverized coal deposits and remove pulverized coal layer on
high temperature parts during operation.

4.5.2 When explosion door is not used, system device, duct and component shall be
designed according to explosion pressure resistance or explosion shock - resistance pressure
as specified in following provisions:

1 Equipment, duct and component whose systems operation pressure doesn’t exceed
15kPa, shall be designed according to bearing up interior explosion pressure of 350kPa; when
systems operation pressure exceeds 15kpa, they shall be designed according to interior
explosion pressure of 400kPa.

2 Some components in pulverized coal preparation system, such as large plane and

17
sharp corner and other may suffer pressure effect of shock wave, shall be designed according
to influence of these actions to their strength.

4.5.3 When explosion door is used, system device, duct and component shall be designed
according to reduced maximum explosion pressure and shall comply with those specified in
following provisions:

1 Coal feeder, coal supply pipe, pulverized coal feeder, air lock and pulverized coal
conveyor shall be designed according to bearing up interior explosion pressure for no less
than 40kPa.

2 Except equipment, duct and component listed in item 1, steel ball coal mill and
medium speed coal pulverizer system shall be designed according to bearing up interior
explosion pressure of 150kPa.

3 Direct firing pulverizing system of fan coal pulverizer, and its equipment, duct and
component shall be designed according to bearing up interior explosion pressure for no less
than 40kPa.

4 Type, effective vent area and rated actuating pressure of explosion vent devices shall
comply with those specified in 4.10.

4.5.4 Structural design strength of equipment and component shall be calculated according
to combined stress caused by mechanical load, operating pressure and interior explosion
pressure, as well as wear allowance determined through agreement between manufacturer and
buyer.

4.5.5 Direct firing pulverizing system under positive pressure and doesn’t install explosion
door shall be designed according to explosion pressure resistance or explosion shock-
resistance pressure. Equipment, duct and component in range of direct firing pulverizing
system under positive pressure shall be designed according to those specified in 4.5.2. Range
of direct firing pulverizing system under positive pressure shall begin from 0.61m at upward
side of coal feeder's entrance and junction between duct connected with coal pulverizer and
sealing junction of insertion system, and end at boiler burner.

These equipment, duct and component include, but not limited to the following items:

1 Coal feeder and its discharge coal scuttle, coal supply pipe and component leading to
coal pulverizer.

2 Coal pulverizer (and segregator) and all of its components bearing up internal
pressure.

3 Pulverized coal delivering duct and component from coal pulverizer (or segregator)

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to inflamer

4 Duct connects with coal pulverizer; Duct and air duct that is away from hot primary
air and tempering air shut-off damper or coal pulverizer junction for 8 times of duct's (air
duct's) equivalent diameter.

5 Outlaid segregator and its ducts connect with coal pulverizer

6 Gravel coal scuttle connects with coal pulverizer

Exception: when it is difficult to design duct and component listed in item 4 of 4.5.5
according to explosion pressure resistance or explosion shock-resistance pressure, explosion
door may be installed according to those specified in item 1 of 4.10.2.

4.5.6 Explosion door shall not be installed when direct firing pulverizing system of fan coal
pulverizer used to pulverize high-moisture lignite and adopting furnace fume as drier and
designed as inert atmosphere. Equipment shall be designed according to bearing up interior
explosion pressure for no less than 40kPa. When didn't design as inert atmosphere or can not
entirely reach inert atmosphere, it is required to design according to those specified in 4.5.3.

4.5.7 Component of coal supply system of circulating fluid bed boiler shall be designed to
being able to bear up internal pressure besides load caused by solid fuel; none of support
members has irreversible deformation caused by yielding or warping. Minimum designed
internal pressure shall be larger one of following values:

1 1.67 times or 1.5 times of predicted operating pressure, but has no need of exceeding
maximum head pressure of pressure source under worst operating condition.

2 +8.7kPa or Transient pressure can be beard up of hearth design as specified in 3.2.1

of DI/T435-2004

4.6 Duct and fume, air duct design

4.6.1 Raw coal duct should be distributed perpendicularly; under limited condition, slope
angle between duct and horizontal plane should not be less than 70°. Raw coal duct should
adopt round; duct diameter shall be selected according to tenacity and flow rate of coal. For
coal of strong corrosiveness and viscosity, the duct may be made from stainless steel or inner
lining corrosion-resistant plate.

4.6.2 Angle of inclination between pulverized fuel line of pulverized coal preparation
system and horizontal plane shall not be less than 50°; for fume, air duct leading drier into
coal pulverizer, and hot air duct leading drier to pulverized fuel exhauster, their separation
angle with horizontal plane shall not be less than 60°; pulverized coal supply duct shall
connect with nozzle stub of air-pulverized coal blender along airflow direction; slope angle

19
between the duct and horizontal plane shall not be less than 50°.

4.6.3 Distribution and structure of pulverized fuel line (including throat of steel ball coal
mill, adapter spool, reductor pipe, connection tube of entrance and exit for equipment) shall
avoid possibility of pulverized coal depositing in duct.

4.6.4 Collocation and distribution of pulverized coal delivering duct shall prevent
pulverized coal deposits and inflamer back fire, and shall avoid stagnant area and dead end.
Pulverized coal delivering duct (except duct for anthracite) satisfying the following conditions
may be distributed horizontally; otherwise, its separation angle with horizontal plane shall not
be less than 45°:

1 Hot air pulverized coal delivering of coal-pulverized storage system: Under any load
of boiler, flow velocity of duct from primary air case to inflamer and that of duct from
pulverized fuel exhauster to off gas inflamer shall not be less than 25m/s.

2 Drier pulverized coal delivering of coal-pulverized storage system: Under any load of
boiler, flow velocity of duct from pulverized fuel exhauster to inflamer shall not be less than
18m/s.

3 Direct firing pulverizing system: Under any load of boiler, flow velocity of duct from
coal pulverizer (segregator) to inflamer shall not be less than 18m/s.

4.6.5 It is required to install scavenging system, used to clean pulverized coal delivering
duct and components when the system is out-of-service.

4.6.6 Pulverized fuel line and pulverized coal delivering duct should adopt welded
connection so as to reduce flange quantity.

4.6.7 At dry section of steel ball coal mill’s entrance, dry air duct, coal supply pipe,
pulverized coal retrieving pipe of segregator and recirculator shall be distributed from the top
down. Coal should fall from coal supply pipe along centerline of dry section. Pulverized coal
retrieving pipe should be inserted at 500mm~1000mm under coal supply pipe, and its
separation angle with horizontal plane shall not be less than 60°; Recirculator pipe shall be
inserted at section no less than 45° separation angle with horizontal plane under pulverized
coal retrieving pipe; and distance from entrance of coal pulverizer shall not be less than two
times of diameter of recirculator pipe.

4.6.8 Primary air case of hot air pulverized coal delivering of coal-pulverized storage
system shall be distributed higher than air-pulverized coal blender; pulverized coal delivering
duct shall be introduced perpendicularly from underside of case; isolating valve shall be
installed at perpendicular section.

4.6.9 Inspection hole, cleaning hole and manhole in duct of pulverized coal preparation

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system shall be air-tight type.

4.7 Pulverized coal bin

4.7.1 Design of pulverized coal bin shall comply with the following provisions:

1 Pulverized coal bin shall be closed tight with less open pore. Any open pore must
possess reliable hermetically-sealed construction; open type pulverized coal bin shall not be
used. Pulverized coals enter and out devices in pulverized coal bin must possess function of
air lock.

2 Internal surface of pulverized coal bin shall be level, slickness, wearproof and shall
be without pulverized coal deposits. Geometric shape and structure of pulverized coal bin
shall make pulverized coal be smooth and be able to flow automatically.

3 Separation angle between wall surface of pulverized coal bin and horizontal plane
shall not be less than 65°; separation angle between intersecting line of adjacent walls and
horizontal plane shall not be less than 60°; Inner side of cut angle between adjacent walls
shall be made as slickness arc, and semi-diameter of arc shall not be less than 200mm.

4 Pulverized coal bin shall prevent heating and wetting; outside wall of metallic
pulverized coal bin shall be equipped with heat preservation measures. In severe cold area,
exerted concrete pulverized coal bin or that close to exterior wall of workshop shall be
prepared with frost protection and heat preservation measures.

5 Length-diameter ratio of pulverized coal bin shall be less than 5:1. Rectangular
pulverized coal bin shall take equivalent diameter as baseline value.

6 Pulverized coal bin shall possess facilities for surveying pulverized coal position,
temperature as well as those for fire fighting, drying pipe and laying pulverized coal.

4.7.2 Pulverized coal bin equipped with explosion door shall be designed according to
reduced pressure and negative pressure of 30kPa. Pulverized coal bin shall be equipped with
opening and closing automatically explosion door; there is no need to install explosion door
when it is designed according to inert atmosphere.

4.7.3 When installing explosion door for pulverized coal bin, pulverized coal bin shall be
designed with reduced pressure for no less than 40kPa; rated actuating pressure of explosion
door shall be designed according to 1kPa~10kPa. For coal that explosion intensity index of
pulverized coal cloud is high, reduced pressure and rated actuating pressure of explosion door
should be determined through calculation.

4.7.4 It is required to install fixed junction (DN≥25mm) at upper part of pulverized coal bin
for inlet duct of fire fighting or/and inert medium. These inert gases shall be introduced into

21
upper part of pulverized coal bin with dispersed gas flow parallel with top cover of pulverized
coal bin, so as to avoid flying of pulverized coal. When steam is adopted as firing-fighting
medium, insertion duct shall possess drainage measure; when carbon dioxide is adopted as
firing-fighting medium, it is required to prepare measures to avoid dry ice.

4.7.5 Pulverized coal bin shall possess facilities to exhaust pulverized coal.

4.7.6 Type of explosion door installed in pulverized coal bin and its vent discharge duct
shall comply with those specified in 4.10 and 4.11.

4.8 Dust control unit

4.8.1 Dust control unit shall be installed at section with severe coal dust flying in coal
transportation system. When there is no closed pulverized coal conveyor layer in bunker bay,
it is required to adopt necessary ventilation and dedusting measures to avoid pulverized coal
flying.

4.8.2 Ground of buildings in coal transportation system should adopt water soaking. Firing
floor, boiler body and crest of boiler room shall be equipped with vacuum sweeping system to
sweep dust deposition, and also sweep sections difficult for water flushing. Blow-cleaning
with compressed air must not be adopted for deposited pulverized coal.

4.8.3 Type of dust control unit in coal transportation system shall be adopted according to
coal dust characteristic. It is suggested to adopt wet cap collector, bag type collector and
electrical dust precipitator. When electrical dust precipitator is adopted, requirements of
7.3.12 in DL/T5035-2004 shall be met. When bag type collector is adopted, its interior
explosion pressure may be designed as 150kPa and it is required to install explosion relief
devices according to such pressure.

4.9 Instrument and control

4.9.1 Raw coal bunker shall be equipped with coal position measuring device; each raw coal
bunker shall be equipped with no less than two such devices. Raw coal bunker shall be
installed with signals of high, low coal position and link with coal carrying band conveyer.
For direct firing pulverizing system, it is required to install signal of extremely low coal
position, lead to control room and link with coal feeder.

4.9.2 Pulverized coal temperature measuring device shall be installed in pulverized coal bin;
temperature measuring points in each pulverized coal bin shall not be less than four. Signal of
temperature measurement shall be led to control room. Pulverized coal bin shall be equipped
with pulverized coal position measuring device, should adopt electronic (or ultrasonic) type;
measuring signals shall be led to control room and checked in situ with pulverized coal
position measuring device of mechanical type.

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4.9.3 For soft coal and lignite of high explosion sensitivity (high) and high spontaneous
ignition tendency, when medium speed coal pulverizer or direct firing pulverizing system of
pair in-out steel ball coal mill is adopted,

CO monitoring plant and gradient survey device of medium temperature changes behind
coal pulverizer (segregator) should be installed.

4.9.4 It is required to install instrument or device used to carry out continuous monitoring
and recording for major parameters of pulverized coal preparation system; signals should be
led to control room. These parameters include, but not limited to the following items:

1 Drier temperature at entrance of coal pulverizer.

2 Temperature of air-pulverized coal admixture at outlet of coal pulverizer (mill

separator); survey for temperature change rate of air-pulverized coal admixture should be
added for soft coal and lignite of high explosion sensitivity (high volatile constituent) and
high spontaneous ignition tendency.

3 Medium temperature before using pulverized fuel exhauster.

4 Temperature of air-pulverized coal admixture before using inflamer when deliver

pulverized coal with hot air.

5 Medium pressure before and after using coal pulverizer

6 Medium pressure before and after using pulverized fuel exhauster (and that of each
primary air main).

7 Drier flow rate at entrance of direct-fired mill (except fan coal pulverizer).

8 Pressure difference at entrance and exit of direct-fired mill (except fan coal
pulverizer).

9 Sealing wind pressure of direct firing pulverizing system under positive pressure.

10 Coal interruption signal of coal feeder.

11 Nitrogen pressure (if there is nitrogen) of medium speed coal pulverizer.

12 CO value when CO monitoring plant is installed.

13 Electric current of mechanical electromotor such as drove coal pulverizer,

pulverized fuel exhauster, cold furnace fume fan, coal feeder, pulverized coal feeder and cold
(hot) primary air fan.

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4.9.5 Pulverized coal preparation system designed according to inert atmosphere shall be
equipped with the following devices besides those listed in 4.9.4:

1 Device used for continuous monitoring and recording oxygen content shall be
installed at outlet of coal pulverizer (segregator); signals should be led to control room.

2 Sound-light alarm unit when oxygen content is higher than designed limit.

3 Interlocking device used to stop (delay) operation of pulverized coal preparation

system when inert atmosphere operation can't be recovered.

4.9.6 Alarm signal and protective device of pulverized coal preparation system shall include,
but not limited to:

1 Sound-light alarm signal for interruption of coal feeding; and shall be led to control
room.

2 Sound-light alarm signal when medium temperature after using coal pulverizer
(segregator) is higher than allowable value, and shall be led to control room. For soft coal and
lignite of high explosion sensitivity (high volatile constituent) and high spontaneous ignition
tendency, when gradient survey device of medium temperature change after using coal
pulverizer (segregator) is installed, there shall be sound-light alarm signal when the value
exceeds limit, and shall be led to control room.

3 There shall be sound-light alarm signal when sealing wind pressure is low in direct
firing pulverizing system under positive pressure; and shall be led to control room.

4 There shall be sound-light alarm signal for low nitrogen pressure (if any) in medium
speed coal pulverizer; and shall be led to control room.

5 Protection of high medium temperature after using coal pulverizer (segregator): when
temperature rises to specified maximum limit value, protection shall automatically work on
temperature control equipment; when it exceeds specified maximum limit value for 10℃, it is
required to stop supplying drier to coal pulverizer (except fan coal pulverizer system) and cut
off pulverized coal preparation system.

6 Explosion protection: for soft coal and lignite of high explosion sensitivity ( high
volatile constituent) and high nature tendency, when install devices for CO monitoring and
temperature change rate measuring, when CO value and temperature change rate exceed
specified value simultaneously, it is required to cut off pulverized coal preparation system and
use fire fighting or inerting system.

4.9.7 Besides aforesaid protection requirements, pulverized coal preparation system shall
also possess but not limited to the following link:

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 1 Sequence linkage when coal feeder, coal pulverizer, primary air fan or pulverized fuel
exhauster trips

2 Linkage between pulverized fuel exhauster and pulverized coal feeder when
coal-pulverized storage system delivers drier

3 Linkage used to open cold air separate damper (or separate damper vent to
atmosphere) of coal pulverizer entrance, when coal feeder of coal-pulverized storage system
trips or outlet temperature of coal pulverizer is high.

4 Linkage used to close drying medium separate door of coal pulverizer when
pulverized fuel exhauster of coal-pulverized storage system shuts down.

4.9.8 On occasions cutting medium speed coal pulverizer and fan coal pulverizer, it is
required to open relevant valve and send steam (or other fire fighting/inert medium) into coal
pulverizer, until pulverized coal preparation system is out-of-service. Coal pulverizer shall not
be used when stop sending steam into coal pulverizer for inerting.

4.9.9 When cylindrical silo is used to store coal, safety monitoring device and sound-light
alarm signal shall be installed according to coal characteristics, and shall be introduced to coal
transportation control room. These device and sound-light alarm signals include, but not
limited to:

1 Coal position measuring device and alarm signal of high, low coal position and shall
link with band conveyer for sending in and out coal.

2 Temperature measuring device and sound-light alarm signal when temperature is

higher than predetermined value

3 Fume monitoring plant and alarm signal.

4 Fuel gas monitoring plant and alarm signal when fuel gas value is higher than
predetermined value, and shall link with exhaust air system.

5 When temperature is high or fumes monitoring plant alarms and alarms for high fuel
gas value, start inerting system.

4.9.10 All of control and linkage shall assort with boiler's control and linkage.

4.10 Explosion door

4.10.1 Explosion door includes diaphragm type and automatically start-stop type (such as
gravity type and superconduct magnetic pretension type etc.) and other type (like spring
pretension type).

25
 Technical requirements, material, manufacture and test of gravity type and diaphragm
explosion door shall comply with those specified in 8.8.2~8.8.6 of DL/T5121-2000. New
style explosion door only may be used after passing test and technical evaluation.

4.10.2 Installation position, type and effective vent area of explosion door of pulverized
coal preparation system designed according to explosion pressure of 150kPa shall comply
with the following provisions:

1 For entrance and exit pipe close to drying tube, outlet throat, pulverized-coal
collector at entrance of coal pulverizer, and inlet pipe of pulverized fuel exhauster, or
pulverized coal pipes of primary air fan containing pulverized coal, Effective vent area of
explosion door shall not be less than 70% of sectional area of pulverized coal pipes in such
location. Adopt diaphragm, automatically start-stop type or other types of explosion door.

2 Distributed on primary air case containing pulverized coal and drier off gas bellows
which are away from pulverized fuel exhauster for no less than 10m. Effective vent area of
explosion door on bellows shall be calculated according to ratio of vent area to vessel volume
for no less than 0.025. Adopt diaphragm, automatically start-stop type or other types of
explosion door.

3 When pulverized fuel exhaust bellows is away from pulverized fuel exhauster for
more than 10m, behind pulverized fuel exhauster as well as on drier off gas bellows or
pulverized coal distributor, total effective vent area of explosion doors on pulverized coal
pipes and bellows (dispenser) shall be calculated with ratio of vent area to vessel volume for
no less than 0.025. Adopt diaphragm, automatically start-stop type or other types of explosion
door. .

4 At least two explosion doors shall be installed on each mill separator installed
independently with coal pulverizer, and they shall respectively be led form inside and outside
shell of mill separator. Total effective vent area of explosion door of mill separator shall be
calculated with ratio of vent area to vessel volume for no less than 0.025. Adopt diaphragm,
automatically start-stop type or other types of explosion door.

5 One or more explosion doors shall be installed on top cover of nozzle stub at middle
outlet of pulverized-coal collector. Total effective vent area of explosion door of pulverized-
coal collector shall be calculated with ratio of vent area to vessel volume for no less than
0.025. When explosion door installed on middle top cover of pulverized-coal collector is lack
of space and it have to be installed on ring top cover, its diameter is equal to 75% of ring
width. Adopt diaphragm, automatically start-stop type or other types of explosion door.

6 Total effective vent area of explosion door installed on pulverized coal preparation
system (excluding pulverized coal delivering duct and pulverized coal bin capacity), shall be
calculated with system ratio of vent area to vessel volume for no less than 0.025.

26
4.10.3 Installation position, type and area of explosion door of pulverized coal preparation
system designed according to explosion pressure for no less than 40kPa shall comply with the
following provisions:

1 For direct firing pulverizing system of fan coal pulverizer not designed according to
inert atmosphere, at least two explosion doors shall be installed on top cover of mill separator.
Their total effective vent area shall be calculated with ratio of vent area to vessel volume for
no less than 0.02. Adopt diaphragm, automatically start-stop type or other types of explosion
door.

2 Total effective vent area of explosion door installed on pulverized coal preparation
system shall be calculated with ratio of vent area to vessel volume for no less than 0.02.

4.10.4 Pulverized coal bin designed with interior explosion pressure for no less than 40kPa
shall install automatically start-stop type (such as gravity type and superconduct magnetic
pretension type) explosion door. Total effective vent area of explosion door in pulverized coal
bin shall be calculated with ratio of vent area to vessel volume for no less than 0.005, and
shall be no less than 1m2. For coal of high explosion intensity index of pulverized coal, total
effective vent area of explosion door in pulverized coal bin should be determined through
calculation.

4.10.5 Cylindrical silo should be installed with automatically start-stop type (such as gravity
type and superconduct magnetic pretension type) explosion door. Total effective vent area of
explosion door may be calculated with ratio of vent area to vessel volume for no less than
0.001.

4.10.6 When bag type collector is used to collect dust, explosion door shall be installed on
the collector or outlet connection pipe. Total effective vent area of explosion door shall be
calculated with ratio of vent area to vessel volume for no less than 0.025.

4.10.7 Explosion door shall not be installed on section with vortices washing or
concentrated pulverized coal.

4.10.8 Rated actuating pressure of explosion door shall comply with the following
provisions:

1 That of opening and closing automatically explosion door installed on pulverized coal
bin is 1kPa~10kPa.

2 For diaphragm, automatically start-stop type or other types explosion door installed
on other section, and pulverized coal preparation system designed with interior explosion
pressure for no less than 40kPa, that shall be no larger than 10kPa~25kPa; for pulverized coal
preparation system designed with interior explosion pressure for 150kPa, that shall be no
larger than 20kPa~50kPa.

27
4.10.9 Distribution of explosion door shall comply with the following provisions:

1 Explosion door shall be installed close to protected equipment or on ducts; location of

its blasting mouth or damper sheet shall be convenient for monitor and repair. It shall located
at outside of angle branch when is installed on angle branch. Explosion door in pulverized
coal bin shall be installed on top cover; its distribution location shall be convenient for
venting gasses, and shall be easy for leading vent discharge duct to open air.

2 Length of explosion door's inlet connection shall be no larger than twice of explosion
door's equivalent diameter, and no larger than 2m.

3 When explosion door's inlet connection is distributed incline to horizontal plane, the
angle of inclination shall be: no less than 45° in doors; no less than 60° in open air.

4 When diaphragm explosion door is installed in open air, angle of inclination between
diaphragm and horizontal plane shall not be less than 10°; when gravity type and other types
automatically start-stop explosion door is installed in open air, angle of inclination between
door sheet and horizontal plane shall be no less than 10° and no larger than 45°.

5 For explosion door installed indoor, if eructation of explosion endangers personal

safety, or falls near cable, oil-piping and live steam pipe, it is required to adopt vent discharge
duct to lead to safe location in door or to open air. When it can’t be led out for limited
condition, it is required to adopt measures to protect personal and equipment safety such as
fire wall, shed cover, clapboard or flame arrester. Therefore, airflow bursts out during
explosion door’s operation will not endanger nearby cable, oil-piping and live steam pipe, as
well as area where people always pass through.

4.10.10 Nozzle stub of explosion door entrance installed in open air shall be coated with
anti-rust paint and heat preservation materials.

4.10.11 Area of explosion door shall be determined according to calculated effective vent
area and vent efficiency.

4.11 Vent discharge duct for explosion door

4.11.1 Installation and distribution of vent discharge duct for explosion door shall comply
with the following requirement:

1 Explosion door installed in protected equipment or duct should vent directly (without
vent discharge duct).

2 Vent discharge duct for explosion door shall be distributed reasonably, and should
short and straight.

3 Flammable material shall not exist around explosion eructation of vent discharge duct

28
for explosion door.

4 Vent discharge duct of explosion door in pulverized coal bin shall be led to open air.

4.11.2 Length and diameter of vent discharge duct shall not influence reduced pressure, and
shall comply with the following requirements:

1 Diameter (or equivalent diameter) of vent discharge duct (inlet connection) in front of
explosion door shall not be less than diameter (or equivalent diameter) of the explosion door.

2 Diameter (or equivalent diameter) of vent discharge duct (inlet connection) behind
explosion door shall not be less than diameter (or equivalent diameter) of inlet connection.

3 For vent discharge duct for explosion door in pulverized coal preparation system
which designed with interior explosion pressure of 150kPa, its length shall be no larger than
30 times of equivalent diameter of inlet connection; For that designed with interior explosion
pressure for no less than 40kPa, its length shall be no larger than 10 times of equivalent
diameter of inlet connection.

4 Length of vent discharge duct for explosion door in pulverized coal bin shall be no
larger than 10 times of equivalent diameter of inlet connection. For coal of high explosion
intensity, the length should be determined through calculation according to reduced pressure
and effective vent area of explosion door.

5 When length of vent discharge duct can't satisfy foresaid requirements, it is required
to enlarge diameter of vent discharge duct and make it be equivalent to flow resistance.

4.11.3 Internal design pressure of vent discharge duct shall accord with that of relevant
equipment and duct.

4.11.4 Structural design of vent discharge duct:

1 Vent discharge duct should adopt round duct

2 Vent discharge duct near explosion door shall be installed with inspection hand-hole
or removable nozzle stub. Inspection plate and locking device shall possess same strength
with vent discharge duct.

3 At outdoor discharge opening of vent discharge duct, weatherboard, shed, umbrella

hood or other measures to prevent rain and snow shall be installed, and shall have no effect on
discharging explosive material.

4 There shall be no objects occupy vent section in vent discharge duct, otherwise, it is
required to enlarge sectional area of vent discharge duct.

5 Vent discharge duct shall be equipped with solid hanger and support device.

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 5 Operation

5.1 General requirements

5.1.1 Operator shall make operating instruction for system and equipment, organically
integrate explosion prevention requirements of this code as well as complement and complete
it.

5.1.2 Explosion easily occurs during process of start-up and shutdown; therefore, operator
shall pay special attention to change of working parameters. It is required to guarantee system
designed according to inert atmosphere must lay in inert atmosphere under any working
condition.

5.1.3 It is required to carry out periodic inspection and test for explosion-proof device in
system and keep them be in controllable state; it is required to regularly inspect whether the
explosion door is in good condition, and carry out repair or change if necessary. Inspection
and test shall be recorded in written form and saved.

5.1.4 It is required to carry out necessary training to operators, so as to let them learn about
requirements of system explosion prevention and operate correctly.

5.2 Start-up

5.2.1 Before starting up pulverized coal preparation system, all facilities shall be inspected
according to operating instruction. It can't be started until satisfying entry condition.

5.2.2 Before starting up pulverized coal preparation system, slightly steam-gas may be sent
into medium speed coal pulverizer or fan coal pulverizer, so as to form inert atmosphere in
system before using coal pulverizer and supplying air.

5.2.3 Shut-off damper in the front of inflamer shall be full opened and must not lie in
middle position.

5.2.4 Under one of the following situations during start-up, coal shall not be supplied; if
supplied, it is required to interrupt coal supply:

1 Control power supply of safety device disappears.

2 Combustion air and/or drying medium supply is unfounded or disappears.

3 Shut-off (separate) valve in pulverized coal delivering duct didn’t be opened.

4 Lighting-up burner didn't be used or its flame disappeared.

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 5 Draught fan is out-of-service.

6 Other conditions for boiler allowing pulverized coal supply are not satisfied.

5.3 Operation

5.3.1 Except pair in-out coal pulverizer, all inflamers supplied by one coal pulverizer of
direct firing pulverizing system should be put into operation.

5.3.2 Coal pulverizer shall operate under lowest permissible load, and shall maintain flow
velocity of medium in pulverized coal delivering duct be no less than lowest permissible flow
velocity.

5.3.3 During operation of band conveyer, all of dust control units installed in coal
transportation system shall operate.

5.3.4 Interpenetrated funnel must not exist in cylindrical silo and raw coal bunker. Direct
firing pulverizing system mustn't work when coal position of raw coal bunker drops lower
than sealing height of coal pillar.

5.3.5 Raw coal bunker shall not be used to store coal for long term; system equipped with
alternate coal pulverizer and raw coal bunker shall be switched regularly.

5.3.6 It is required to reduce pulverized coal position in pulverized coal bin. The position
shall be higher than permissible lowest pulverized coal position specified in operating
conditions of pulverized coal feeder.

5.3.7 Pulverized coal preparation system shall carefully monitor the following items during
its operation:

1 Coal flow and coal interruption signal.

2 Pulverized coal position in pulverized coal bin.

3 Temperature of air-pulverized coal admixture at outlet of coal pulverizer; and it

should not exceed maximum and minimum allowable value.

4 Keep value of negative pressure at upper space of pulverized coal bin; the value
should not be less than 150Pa, or higher than 300Pa.

5 For pulverized coal preparation system operates under inert atmosphere, oxygen
content of terminal drier shall not exceed specified values in Table 4.1.6.

6 If deposits, self-ignition, pulverized coal leakage, air leak or other phenomena occur

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in system, it shall be removed in time.

5.3.8 During operation of pulverized coal preparation system, it is required to pay attention
to measuring instrument, signal, protection, linkage, shut-off damper, control damper, air
supply (steam) and water supply valve, as well as fire fighting facilities, and make them in
good condition. The system shall not work when lack of specified linkage, protection and
signal devices.

5.3.9 Operation that may damage system tightness, such as opening hand-hole, manhole and
changing explosion door's diaphragm, shall not be carried out during operation.

5.3.10 Keep workshop cleanness regularly clean pulverized coal on floor, platform stairway
and equipment; especially shall prevent pulverized coal from accumulation on hot surface.

5.4 Abnormal operation

5.4.1 According to explosion prevention conditions, pulverized coal preparation system

enter abnormal operation once meets the following situation. Then, operator shall strengthen
monitoring and deal with it in time; if necessary, operator may stop relevant coal pulverizer or
system operation.

1 System designed according to inert atmosphere can’t satisfy requirements of inert

atmosphere or inert medium supply system has failure.

2 Outlet temperature of coal pulverizer (or temperature rise gradient) exceeds specified
value and/or CO content (if can be measured) exceeds specified value.

3 Systems operation shall stop and change relevant equipment when opening and
closing automatically explosion door works, or diaphragm explosion door blasts.

4 Igniter flame or flame of partial inflamer disappears.

5 Partial ventilator, pulverized fuel exhauster or draught fan trips.

6 Coal-supply interrupts

7 Direct-fired mill trips on-load; or there is inflammable or hypergolic fuel in coal

pulverizer.

8 Fire occurs in pulverized coal preparation system.

5.4.2 When self-ignition or combustion appears in cylindrical silo, raw coal bunker or
pulverized coal bin, inerting or fire fighting measures shall be carried out immediately. It also
required stopping all operation around them. Personnel except fire fighters shall evacuate.

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5.4.3 Jetting water, fire extinguisher or other methods may cause pulverized coal flying
must not be used to put out or stamp out self-ignited pulverized coal layer in workshop or
equipment. Uncovered self-ignited pulverized coal layer should be buried with sand or
extinguished with spraying water.

5.4.4 After affirming that there is no self-ignition or burning fuel in inerting coal pulverizer
and direct firing pulverizing system which trips on-load, it is required to restart coal
pulverizer according to start-up procedure of operating instruction, blow fuels in hearth and
burn up, and clean pulverized coal in system duct. When several coals pulverizes trip
simultaneously, they shall start one by one.

5.4.5 When there is burning or self-ignited fuel in spare medium speed coal pulverizer, it is
required to fight fire firstly and then clear away remnant fuel under inert atmosphere
according to one of following methods:

1 Use inert gases as primary air, start-up coal pulverizer according to procedure of
operating instruction; and blow residual pulverized coal of coal pulverizer and system into
hearth and burn up.

2 Clear away fuel through gravel coal system

Shall not open and clean coal pulverizer before coal pulverizer body and its internal
materials cooling down to ambient temperature.

5.4.6 When restart coal pulverizer whose internal fuel haven't been cleared away, the
operation shall be carried out under inert atmosphere. The coal pulverizer may not be put into
normal operation until residual pulverized coal vented into hearth.

5.4.7 When fire occurs in pulverized coal preparation system, one of the following methods
to fight fire shall be adopted in accordance with different situations.

1 Inerting airflow of air-pulverized coal admixture in coal pulverizer, stop coal supply,
exhaust fuel in coal pulverizer, shut off and separate coal pulverizer.

2 Cutting primary air, making coal pulverizer trip, separating and inerting pulverized
coal preparation system; don’t disturb any deposits in pulverized coal making equipment;
fighting fire until temperature of everywhere falls to ambient temperature

3 When fire occurs in running coal pulverizer with less stocking coal, cutting hot air,
increasing coal supply without making it overloaded; and use tempering air to keep on
running; as well as fighting fire.

5.4.8 For running pulverized coal preparation system, protective and separate measures
shall be installed when inspect in range of that explosion door emissions may endanger

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personal security. Place of fire work shall be supplied with fire fighting device and in-site
monitoring.

5.5 Shutdown

5.5.1 When pulverized coal preparation system shutdown normally, it is required to stop
coal supply first, make coal pulverizer keep on running under sufficient ventilation, and then
blow away pulverized coal in coal pulverizer and system. Stop coal pulverizer and relevant
fans when system is exhausted and coal pulverizer cooled down.

When stop pulverized coal preparation system for short time, coal pulverizer and
relevant fans may stop without system being exhausted, but system security shall be
monitored carefully.

5.5.2 During the process of shutting down pulverized coal preparation system It is required
to pay attention to regulate proportion of cold and hot drying medium, make outlet
temperature of coal pulverizer don't rise rapidly owing to reduction of coal supply or exceed
specified value.

5.5.3 Permissible duration of storing coal in cylindrical silo and raw coal bunker shall be
determined according to coal's tenacity, spontaneous ignition tendency and explosion
sensitivity; and shall be given specific provisions when formulate operating instruction.

If system operation is designed to stop for a long time and exceeds specified storage
period, it is required to lower coal position in raw coal bunker to minimum level before
shutdown. For soft coal and lignite of high explosion sensitivity (high) and high spontaneous
ignition tendency, when medium speed coal pulverizer is adopted, it is required to conduct
inerting for cylindrical silo; entirely exhaust and clean bulkhead for raw coal bunker.
Operating instruction shall specify specific measures for inerting or exhaustion.

5.5.4 Permissible duration of storing pulverized coal in pulverized coal bin shall be
determined according to pulverized coal's tenacity, spontaneous ignition tendency and
explosion sensitivity; and shall be given specific provisions when formulate operating
instruction.

If system operation is designed to stop for a long time and exceeds specified storage
period, it is required to lower pulverized coal position in pulverized coal bin to minimum
level, vent pulverized coal in pulverized coal bin and conduct cleaning. Operating instruction
shall give specific measures.

5.5.5 In order to check or repair pulverized coal preparation system that out of service, it is
required to confirm there is no deposits self-ignition before opening sight hole and manhole.
People shall not stand facing to them when open them, so as to avoid suffering shock of flying
pulverized coal or explosive material.

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5.5.6 When direct firing pulverizing system can not blow fuel into hearth because of boiler
failure, for inerting medium speed coal pulverizer which trips on-load, it is required to clean
fuel in coal pulverizer according to the following procedure after affirming there is no burning
or self-igniting fuel in it:

1 Separate all tripped coal pulverizer from hearth.

2 Start-up cooling wind machine (if any); cool millstone and coal on coal pulverizer.

3 Vent coal in coal pulverizer with rotor turning gear.

5.5.7 When fire occurs in coal pulverizer out of operation, it is required to keep its shut
down condition and separate it. Cutting air supply of coal pulverizer and fighting fire; clean
remnant coal according to 5.5.8 after temperature at everywhere reverts to ambient
temperature.

5.5.8 It is required to check interior of system and equipment after fire in pulverized coal
preparation system and coal pulverizers extinguishes, and then clean coke and other
accumulation. Compressed air jetting should not be adopted during cleaning.

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