Parasite Taenia Taenia Hymenolepis Hymenolepis Diphylidium Diphyllobothrium

solium saginata diminuta nana caninum latum

Common Name Double-pored
Rat
Pork tapeworm Beef tapeworm Dwarf tapeworm tapeworm/Dog or Cat Broad/Fish tapeworm
tapeworm
tapeworm
Disease Taeniasis Diphyllobothriasis,
Pork tapeworm
saginata/ Hymenolepiasis Hymenolepiasis Diphylidiasis bothriocephaliasis,
infection/Taeniasis
Beef tapeworm diminuta nana Dog tapeworm Infection dibothriocephalus anemia,
solium
Infection fish tapeworm infection
Adult -2-7 meters -5-10 m (25m) -10-60 cm -2-4cm -dog & cat tapeworms -longest tapeworm
-800-1,000 segments -1,000-2,000 -800-1,300 -96-840 segments -consists of a chain of -3-10 meters
-scolex: (1mm) segments proglottids -scolex: small w/ elliptical proglotids -3,000-4,000 proglottids
globular w/ 4 cup- -scolex: (2m) -scolex: small, 4 suckers & bears -10-70 cm -scolex: small, 2-4 mm by
like suckers, w/ quadrate in club-shaped w/ 4 a short, refractile -60-175 proglottoids 10-12 mm,
conspicuous shape & bears 4 cup-shaped rostellum armed -scolex: small, saptulate/almond shaped
rostellum, armed w/ prominent suckers & w/ a single ring of rhomboidal w/ 4 w/ 2 dorsoventral sucking
double rows of large suckers rudimentary 20-30 Y-shaped prominent deeply grooves
& small hooklets -no rostellum and unarmed spines cupped suckers & -mature proglottids:
(20-25 in nos.) hooklets rostellum -mature refractile conical broader than long latum
-short neck -mature -mature segments: broad, rostellum armed w/ 1-7 filled w/ reproductive
-mature proglottids: proglottid: segment: has 3 single genital circlets of rose-thorn organs
roughly square w/ broad, irregularly ovoidal testes & pore in the side shaped spines -male organs: muscular
irregularly alternate alternate genital an ovary Teste: 3 rounds -short & slender neck cirrus
genital pores pores -Gravid Ovary: bilobed -immature proglottid: -female organs: bilobes
-testes: 150-200 Testes: 330-400 segment: -gravid segment: first broader than long & (2) ovary
follicles follicles contains saccular filled w/ eggs, later squarish in outline -gravid segment: rosette
-ovary: symmetrical -gravid uterus filled w/ testes disappear, -mature & gravid like/highly coiled uterus
bilobes & an proglottid: testes eggs uterus hollow out- segments: pumpkinseed -1 million eggs/day
accessory lobe and ovary have sac like & filled shape/vase shaped,
atrophied, w/ w/ eggs provided w/ double set
uterus 15-20 of rep. organs w/ the
uterine branches genital pores
(18 average), -gravid proglottid:
contain 97,000- filled w/ membranous
124,000 eggs egg capsules of mother
pockets (8-15 eggs)

Eggs/Ova -spherical -same as T. -sub-spherical -spherical -spherical, thin-shelled -broadly ovoid

-31-43 microns solium, Multiceps -slightly 30-47 microns & hyaline except for a -w/ inconspicuous
-pale buff to walnut & Echinococcus yellowish faintly -oncosphere: brick red tinge operculum
brown in color -radially striated enclosed in an -25-40 microns w/ -thick-shelled
-has 2 straited egg -transparent outer inner membrane delicate hooklets -light golden-yellow
 shell membrane w/ bipolar -by -w/ knob on the shell at the
-outer shell: thin & -60-79 microns thickening from contraction/disintegratio bottom
rarely seen by 72-86 microns w/c 4-8 polar n of the proglottids, eggs -58-76 microns
-inner filaments arises & egg capsules expelled -contains immature
-inner shell: thick, membrane: w/ - w/ 3 pairs of embryo when discharge in
brown & striated, oncosphere has 2 lancet-shaped the feces
oncosphere is located polar thickening hooklets (6)
w/ hooklets but w/o polar
filaments
“Fried Egg”
appearance –
intralaminar layer
-hooklets: 6
lanceolate (fan-
like pattern)
Life Cycle -Definitive and -same as T. -Humans: Definitive hosts: -Adult in small intestine Definitive host: Human
Intermediate host: solium accidental host Humans, mice & Occational host: Two Intermediate Hosts:
Man -Adult in small -adult in small rats Human 1st freshwater copepods
-Adult in small intestine (head in intestine _does not require -larval stage ingested by (Genera cyclopes &
intestine (upper part the mucusa) Principal IH dog flea (Ctenophalides diaptomus)
of the jejunum) Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate canis), cat flea (C. feles), 2nd pike, salmon,
-more than one worm Hosts: Cattle, Host: larval hosts: (Murine human flea (Pulex whitefish, turbot
maybe harbored other stages of fleas strains) irritans) – Ectoparasites Precercoid larva:
-25 years lifetime herbivores: (CPX) & C. canis, P. of dog & cat acts as elongated, glistening,
-hexacanth embryo Camels, goats, mealworms of irritans, X. Intemediate hosts chalky white, spindle
escapes from its shell carabaos flour beetles cheopis, Tenebrio Other IH: Dog louse shaped
Infective meat: -cysticercus (T&T) - molitor, T. (Trichodectes canis) -Adult in small
“measly pork” larvae Arthropods confusum -eggs hatch & freed intestine(ileum/jejunum)
Cysticercus -unarmed scolex Direct Cycle: oncosphere migration
cellulosae: larval Definitive Host: gravid proglottids -infected flea ingested
stage of T. solium, Man ruptures infection by a definitive host
ellipsoidal, setting free the
translucent, thin wall eggs
bladder worm (5mm -eggs penetrates
by 8-10mm) w/ into the villi of
opaque, invaginated the s.intestine
scolex Indirect Cycle:
murine strains
like H. nana var
fraternal. Uses
fleas & beetles as
intermediate
 hosts
Internal
autoinfection:
eggs hatched in
the intestinal tract
-heavy infection
Pathology -intestine irritation -diarrhea No autoinfection -diarrhea -intestinal disturbance -no symptom is present
-abdominal -hunger pains -abdominal pain -loss of appetite -pernicious anemia
discomfort -loss of weight -headache -pruritus ani -Bothriocephalus anemia
-chronic indigestion -discomfort & -anorexia -diarrhea -jejunal impairment (bet.
-diarrhea embarrassment -dizziness Intrinsic and extrinsic
occasioned by the -other vague factor of castle)
crawling of the complaints -Vitamin B12 deficiency
proglottids from -macrocytic anemia
the anus

Diagnosis Stool examination -CAT scans Stool examination Stool examination -recovery characteristic Stool examination
-Scotch tape & anal (Computed axial of eggs in
swab tomography) capsule/proglottids
-Slide compression -MRI (nuclear -Stool Examination
technique magnetic
resonance
imaging)
Treatment -Praziquantel Praziquantel -Niclosamide -Praziquzntel -Praziquantel -Praziquantel
-Niclosamide -Praziquantel as -Niclosamide (as -Niclosamide -Niclosamide
-Quanacrine alternative alternative) -Quanacrine -Quanacrine
Criteria:
-recovery of the
scolex
-negative stool
examination 3 mos
after treatment
Prevention and -properly cooked of -Education -Rodent control in -Treatment of -dogs & cats should be -Proper cooking of fish
Control meat (gray in color) regarding are where grain cases dewormed -freezing the fish 24-48 hrs
-Frozen @ -20oC cooking of beef products are -improved -do not allowed the @ -18oC (w/c kill the
for 10 days -Proper disposal produced sanitation dogs/cats to lick the plerocercoid)
of human feces -Thorough -proper personal mouths of children -proper disposal of human
-Good sanitation
inspection of hygiene -pets should be treated feces
uncooked grain to eradicate fleas -proper disposal of sewage
products
 Intestinal-Extraintestinal Species
Parasite Echinococcus granulosus
Common Name Hydatid worm
Disease Unilocular echinococcosis/ hydatid disease
Adult -smallest tapeworm
-.25-.9 cm
-scolex: pyriform w/ 4
suckers & a rostellum armed w/ 28-50 hooklets
-immature segment: longest and broadest
-mature segment: narrowest
-gravid segment: uterus resembles a loosely twisted coil
-5-29 mos life span
Eggs/Ova -sub-spherical
-radially striated egg shell
-similar to Taenia eggs

Life Cycle Adult in small intestine

Definitive host: Dogs, jackals, wolves & other
canines
Intermediate hosts:
Sheep, goats, camels, hogs or man
Infective stage: hydatid cyst
Hydatid cyst: slow-growing, tumor-like space, encloses by a laminated germinitative membrane
-brood capsule – tapeworm scolices arise
-hydatid sand: brood capsule & daughter cysts disintegrate w/n the mother cyst, liberating the accumulated protoscolices
-1-7 cm (20cm)
-contains 2 liters of fluid

Pathology -symptoms usually appear 50-20 years

after
-mechanical/ toxic
-casseous hydatid cyst – bone canal
-cyst tumor-like (severe damage) – brain
-allergic reaction – spillage of fluid
Diagnosis -Aspiration
-Radiological
examination
-Scanning Procedure
-Ultrasound techniques
-Serological – ELISA, IHA
(indirect hemagglutination), IFA (indirect fluorescent antibody)
Treatment -Surgical procedure
-Mebendazole
-Albendazole

Prevention and Control Education regarding the transmission of

infection & the role of canine in the life cycle