PRACTICAL 5

Slide Demonstration of Order Anoplura:

Pediculus humanus humanus & Pediculus
humanus capitis
 ORDER ANOPLURA
• Haustellum = mouthparts modified
to suck blood of their host.
• Head is narrower than thorax.
• Ectoparasites of mammals only.
• 2 species occur on humans
– Pediculus humanus humanus
– Pediculus humanus capitis
Pediculus humanus

• Adult is 2-3 mm in length.

• Body is dorsoventrally flattened
with head narrower than thorax.
• 3 pairs of legs are similar.
• Each leg has a claw (helps it cling
to hair)
• The third leg is the longest
• Has two antennas (short and
visible)
• Life Cycle= Incomplete metamorphosis:
– egg (nits to clothing fibers or hairs).
– Eggs hatch into nymphs (immature
adults).
– Nymphs undergo 3 molts and
become adults in 8-9 days.
 MALE VS FEMALE
• Smaller
• dark transverse bands on
the dorsum of the abdomen
• Pointed end of the
abdomen
• well-developed genital
apparatus visible inside the
abdomen
• anterior leg- stouter. larger
tibial thumb and tarsal claw;
• larger
• Abdomen- terminates in
two larger posterior
lobes, which give it a bi-
lobed appearance
• (two gonopods in the
shape of a W at the end
of their abdomen.
• A, terminal part of anterior leg of male;
• B, terminal part of anterior leg of female;
cl, claw; ta, tarsus; t, tibia.
Pediculus humanus capitis
• Grey colour
• Antenna shorter and broader
• Size smaller (Male: 2.1-2.6,female: 2.4 -3.3)
• Deeply pigmented
• indentations between successive abdominal
segments are more clearly marked
*differences in the chitinous pleural plate (p), also
known as the parategral plate, or laterosclerite,
which covers that part of the segment
Body louse
PRACTICAL 6
BED BUGS
Order: Hemiptera
Family: Cimicidae
Cimex lectularius
Cimex lectularius
• Adults approx. 3/16
inch-long.
• Hide in cracks and
crevices during day.
• Painless bite.
• Previously fed adults
can survive 6-7
months without
human host.
• Vestigial wings & a thin coat
of fine golden hairs vestigial
hemelytra
• Give off a distinctive “musty,
sweetish” odor

• Undigested blood in feces

causes “rusty” spots
 prothorax
deeply clefted

prothorax
deeply clefted
ABDOMEN SHAPE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEXES

MALE
FEMALE
 Bed Bug vs. Bat Bug
Cimex lectularius vs. Cimex adjunctus

fringe hairs on pronotum shorter fringe hairs on pronotum longer than

than width of compound eye or equal to width of compound eye
TYPICAL BED BUG LIFE CYCLE
TOTAL
feed 3 – 4 dy DEVELOP
lay eggs 3 – 6 dy later
TIME:

EGG-ADULT
hatch in 4-12 dy 24 - 128 DY

Fed

each nymph stage

2.5 to 12 dy
• Can live without food for as long as
18 months (4 months is common)
• Nocturnal feed on hosts while they
sleep (bed bugs), painful bite
disrupts sleep
• Dorsoventrally flattened - allows
them to hide in tight places, cracks,
under loose materials, in thatch
houses.
•
MATING BEHAVIOR

TRAUMATIC INSEMINATION
Usual form of copulation in
Cimicidae

Male aedeagus penetrates the

female body wall to deposit sperm
directly into a specialized structure
of the female reproductive system.
Male aedeagus
Female paragenital sinus

site for male penetration

• Males are easily recognized by fang-
like
__________________________at
the posterior end of abdomen.
• Copulation is
• Females are identified by presence
of ___________________________
in the 5th abdominal segment.
• Male – rounded end
• Female- pointed end