Trichostrongylus stomach hair worm

Ostertagia brown stomach worm

Haemonchus barber’s pole worm
Haemonchus contortus (H. placei), H. similis, H. longistipes

• The adults are easily identified because of their specific location

in the abomasum and their large size (2.0–3.0 cm)
• In fresh female specimens, white ovaries are wrapped/coiled around the
blood-filled intestine produce a ‘barber’s pole’ appearance
• The buccal cavity is small and contains a small lancet-like tooth.
• The anterior body possesses prominent cervical papillae.
• The vulva is usually protected by a cuticular flap which can have a
range of shapes.
• In the male the lateral lobes of the bursa are large, whereas the dorsal ray
is small and asymmetrical. The spicules are barbed.
• The medium-sized egg is a regular broad ellipse with barrel-shaped side
walls and flattened wide poles. The chitinous shell is thin, slightly light-
yellowish in colour, smooth and the egg contains numerous blastomeres.
Life cycle
Harmful effect
Each worm removes about 0.05 mL of blood per day by ingestion and
seepage from the lesions.
• Acute haemonchosis
• Hyperacute haemonchosis
• Chronic haemonchosis
Clinical signs
• In hyperacute cases, sheep die suddenly from haemorrhagic gastritis.
• Acute haemonchosis is characterised by
• anaemia
• variable degrees of oedema, of which the submandibular form and ascites are
most easily recognised,
• lethargy, dark-coloured faeces and falling wool.
• Diarrhoea is not generally a feature.
• Chronic haemonchosis is associated with
• progressive weight loss and weakness,
• neither severe anaemia nor gross oedema being present.
Treatment and Control
• Use anthelmintics sparingly
• Use anthelmintics effectively
• Monitor for anthelmintic resistance
• Use the appropriate anthelmintic

• Use effective quarantine procedures

• Use strategies to conserve susceptible worms
• Use strategies that reduce the reliance on anthelmintics
  Ostertagia spp.
Mature size Slender; reddish‐brown when fresh
Male 7–8 mm; Female 9–12 mm
Head Small cervical papillae set more
posteriorly; distance from anterior end
about five times diameter between
papillae
Cuticle striations are longitudinal
Female Small or no vulval flap. Under high
magnification tip of tail shows annular
rings. In cattle, female has vulval flap
of variable size, but usually skirt‐like
Male Bursal lobes are symmetrical
tail Terminal end of the spicules are
branched
Trichostrongylus axei Haemonchus contortus
Very small worms, <0.5 cm long, Large worms, reddish when fresh; easily
greyish when fresh, tapering to a seen, bursa visible with the naked eye
very fine anterior end
Male 3–6 mm; Female 4–8 mm Male 10–20 mm; Female 18–30 mm
No cervical papillae Prominent large cervical papillae; distance
Excretory notch visible in from anterior end about three times the
oesophageal region diameter between papillae
Cuticle striations are annular
Simple genital opening with In sheep, vulval flap is linguiform;
vulval flap absent; gravid worm In cattle,it is bulb‐shaped
contains four or five eggs, pole or vestigial;
to pole gravid worm contains several hundred
eggs;
ovary coiled around intestine resembling
‘barber's pole’.
Bursal lobes are symmetrical Dorsal ray of bursa is asymmetric
Spicules unequal in length Spicules barbed near tips
Others
Marshallagia marshalli sheep, goat, Abomasum
Hyostrongylus rubidus pig Stomach
Mecistocirrus digitatus cattle buffalo Abomasum