ULTRASONIC THERAPY

UNIT

Subject code – BTY 337

BIOMEDICAL SENSORS AND MEASUREMENT DEVICES

Roll Number – 19
Registration Number – 11816182
Section – B1804

SUBMITTED BY: MASOOM ANSARI

SUBMITTED TO: DR. NILLOHIT MITRA RAY
CONTENTS:
 What Is Ultrasonic Therapy Unit?
 Circuit Description
 Dosage Control
 Ultrasonic Waves
 Application Technique
 Uses Of Ultrasonic Therapy Unit
 Product Specifications
 Cost Of Product In India
 Hospitals Where Ultrasonic Therapy Unit Is Used In India
 Reference
WHAT IS ULTRASONIC THERAPY UNIT?
Ultrasonic are used for therapeutic purposes in the same manner as a short-
wave diathermy machine is used. The heating effect in this case is produced
because of the ultrasonic energy absorption property of the tissues. The
property of specific heat distribution in tissue and the additional effect of a
mechanical component have given rise to many special therapeutic applications
of ultrasonic. The thermal effects of ultrasound are dependent on the amount of
energy absorbed, the length of time of the ultrasound application and the
frequency of the ultrasound generator. The electrical power required in most of
the applications is usually less than 3 W/cm2 of the transducer area that is in
contact with the part of the body to be treated. Ultrasonic generators are
constructed on the piezo-electric effect. The therapeutic ultrasonic intensity
varies from 0.5 to 3.0 W/cm2. Applicators range from 70 to 130 mm in
diameter. The larger the diameter of the applicator, the smaller would be the
angle of divergence of the beam and the less the degree of penetration.

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:
The equipment required for ultrasonic therapy is electronically very simple.
Figure 29.6 shows the block diagram. The heart of the system is a timed
oscillator which produces 768 Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation the
electrical oscillations of the required frequency. The oscillator output is given
to a power amplifier which drives the piezo-electric crystal to generate
ultrasound waves. Power amplification is achieved by replacing the transistor in
 typical LC tuned Colpitts oscillator by four power transistors placed in a bridge
configuration.

The delivery of ultrasound power to the patient is to be done for a given time.
This is controlled by incorporating a timer to switch on the circuit. The timer
can be a mechanical spring-loaded type or an electronic one, allowing time
settings from 0 to 30 minutes.
The output of the oscillator can be controlled by either of the following two
methods:
 Using a transformer with a primary winding having multi-tapped
windings and switching the same as per requirement.
 Controlling the firing angle of a triac placed in the primary circuit of the
transformer, and thereby varying the output of the transformer.

DOSAGE CONTROL:
The dosage can be controlled by varying any of the following variables.
 Frequency of ultrasound
 Intensity of ultrasound
 Duration of the exposure
Timer Mains Voltage Power & voltage control Half wave rect. Full wave rect.
OSC Power Amp Piezo Crystal Fig. 29.6 Block diagram of an ultrasonic
therapy unit Physiotherapy and Electrotherapy Equipment 769 The frequency is
 involved because the absorption of ultrasonic by the tissues is a frequency
dependent phenomenon. The question as to which ultrasonic frequency to use
has been the subject of much investigation and thought but it has been
established that a frequency of approximately 1 MHz is the most useful. The
amount of energy absorption in the human tissue has been measured
experimentally and in soft tissue, a reduction of 50% occurs with a 1 MHz
ultrasonic transmission at a depth of 5 cm. The higher the frequency the quicker
the energy loss and thus with a transmission of 3 MHz, this reduction of 50%
occurs at a depth of only 1.5 cm. Below a frequency of 1 MHz, the beam of
ultrasonic energy tends to diffuse and no efficient treatment can be expected. A
frequency in the range of 800 kHz to I MHz is, therefore, most widely adopted.

ULTRASONIC WAVES:
 Frequency - the number of times a particle experiences a complete
compression/rarefaction cycle in 1 second. Typically, 1 or 3 MHz
 Wavelength - the distance between two equivalent points on the
waveform in the medium. In an ‘average tissue’ the wavelength @
1MHz would be 1.5mm and @ 3 MHz would be 0.5 mm.
 Velocity - the velocity at which the wave (disturbance) travels
through the medium. In a saline solution, the velocity of US is
approximately 1500 m sec-1 compared with approximately 350 m sec-
1 in air (sound waves can travel more rapidly in a denser medium).
The velocity of US in most tissues is thought to be like that in saline.

These three factors are related, but are not constant for all types of tissue.
Average figures are most commonly used to represent the passage of US
in the tissues. Typical US frequencies from therapeutic equipment are 1
and 3 MHz though some machines produce additional frequencies (e.g.
 0.75 and 1.5 MHz) and the ‘Longwave’ ultrasound devices operate at
several 10’s of kHz (typically 40-50,000Hz – a much lower frequency
than ‘traditional US’ but still beyond human hearing range.

The mathematical representation of the relationship is V = FL where V =

velocity, F = frequency and l is the wavelength.

APPLICATION TECHNIQUE:
There are several ways for applying ultrasonic to the body. The probe can be
put in direct contact with the body through a couplant provided the part to be
treated is sufficiently smooth and uninjured. In case a long area is to be treated,
the probe is moved up and down, and for small areas it is given a circular
motion to obtain a uniform distribution of ultrasonic energy. If there is a wound
or an uneven part (joints etc.), the treatment may be carried out in a water bath.
This is to avoid mechanical contact with the tissues which may damage an
already injured surface. It should be ensured that air bubbles are not present
either on the probe or the skin. For this treatment any vessel with warm water
would be suitable. The part of the body to be treated is rubbed with alcohol or
soaped. The probe is moved over the area to be treated but held at a distance of
about 1–2 cm from the area under treatment. This method is not generally
preferred because of the difficulty of controlling the exact amount of dosage.
USES OF ULTRASONIC THERAPY UNIT:
One of the therapeutic effects for which ultrasound has been used is in relation
to tissue healing. It is suggested that the application of US to injured tissues
will, amongst other things, speed the rate of healing & enhance the quality of
the repair [24]. The following information is intended to provide a summary of
some of the essential research in this field together with some possible
mechanisms through which US treatments may achieve these changes. It is not
intended to be a complete explanation of these phenomena or a comprehensive
review of the current literature. It may, none the less, provide some useful
basic information for clinical application.

The process of tissue repair is a complex series of cascaded, chemically

mediated events that lead to the production of scar tissue that constitutes an
effective material to restore the continuity of the damaged tissue.

US for Fracture Repair – there is a wealth of research information in this area

(summarised on the www.electrotherapy.org web pages if you want the detail).
Essentially, the application of very low dose ultrasound over a fracture
(whether healing normally or delayed or non union) can be of significant
benefit. The main clinical issue is that the effective ‘dose’ is actually lower
than most therapy machines can deliver – which is frustrating! Higher intensity
ultrasound over a fracture can initiate a strong pain response – which is useful
when it comes to using the modality to locate potential stress fractures.

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS:
 Approx. dimensions (mm): 195×95×270
 Approx. weight (kg): 3-5
 Power input: 220V, AC, 50Hz
 Ultrasound frequency: 1MHz
 Consumables: Probe
 Price range (Rs.): 7,500 - 14,000
 Typical product life time (years): 7 to 10
 Shelf life (consumables): Single use or variable

COST OF PRODUCT IN INDIA:

 ACCO – Rs. 7,999-11,700
  CHATTANOOGA – Rs. 9,000-15,000
 LUXEUR– Rs. 7,800-9,800
 ULTRA CARE – Rs. 8,500-12,500

HOSPITALS WHERE ULTRASONIC THERAPY UNIT IS USED

IN INDIA:
 MANIPAL HOSPITAL
 BLK SUPER SPECIALITY HOSPITAL APOLLO HOSPITALS
 SIR GANGA RAM HOSPITAL
 FORTIS HOSPITAL
 COLUMBIA ASIA HOSPITAL
 ST. STEPHEN’S HOSPITAL
 PRIMUS SUPER SPECIALITY HOSPITAL
 MAX SUPER SPECIALITY HOSPITALS
 ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (AIIMS)
HOSPITALS
 DR. RAM MANOHAR LOHIA HOSPITALS
 SAFDARJUNG HOSPITALS
REFERENCE:

 Handbook of biomedical instrumentation – R.S. Khandpur

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapeutic_ultrasound
 https://www.physio-pedia.com/Ultrasound_therapy
 https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/ultrasonic-therapy-
18320860848.html
 https://www.google.com/search?
q=specifications+of+ultrasonund+therapy+uniy&rlz=1C1GKLA_enI
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