TEST

1.Choose the right answer:

1. The letter remains one of the most ______ ways of conveying information.
a) out of date b) effective c) speedy

2. The most important quality to cultivate for writing letters is _____ .

a) empathy b) emphasis c) efficiency

3. Good messages call for _____ plan for structuring ideas.

a) inductive b) deductive c) neutral

4. Communicating bad news call for _____ plan for structuring ideas.
a) indirect b) direct c) neutral

5. Business letters today usually use one of the _____ letter styles.
a) two b) unlimited c) three

6. The best way to get information about available job is to _____ .

a) communicate with friends b) word-of-mouth recommendation
c) read advertisement

7. The _____ is usually the best source of blue-collar jobs, clerical employees and lower-level administrative
employees.
a) local newspapers b) national daily newspapers c) journal

8. The resume presents _____ your assets.

a) both b) particularly c) only

9. The resume is _____ tools that you will use to communicate your qualifications to potential employers.
a) the only b) one of several c) the first

10.The resume has a specific purpose: _____ .

a) the create enough interest in you b) to grant you a job
c) to make you a preposition

11._____ resume is useful to emphasize the steady and systematic development of an individual’s education or work
experience.
a) A chronological b) A functional c) A targeted

12. Applicants should first present their _____ qualifications.

a) all b) relevant c) strongest

13.Traditionally, resumes have been _____ long.

a) unlimited b) three-to-five pages c) one page

14. In the interview, you will prove your _____ to the organization.
a) desire to work b) potential worth c) expectations for bonuses

15. Employment interviews generally have _____ stages.

a) limited number of b) unlimited number of c) four

16. _____ the immediate offer.

a) Don’t expect b) Expect c) Ask for

17. During _____ interview applicants have to demonstrate how they can cope in actual business situation.
a) panel b) “deep-end” c) one-to-one

18. Your purpose in the application letter is _____ .

a) get you a job offer b) to get you an interview c) to get bonuses

19. Your application letter must be_____ .

a) neat, polite b) purposeful, accurate c) all of these
20. In an unsolicited situation, you are _____ the search.
a) initiating b) answering c) discussing

ORGANIZATION OF THE CONFERENCE

1.Memorise the following words and word-combinations:

under the sponsorship, auspices - при сприянні, під егідою

invited paper - доповідь запрошеного учасника
contributed paper - доповідь, з ініціативи доповідача
oral paper - усна доповідь
poster paper - стендова доповідь
round table discussion - обговорення за круглим столом
to submit - надавати
dead line - кінцевий термін
thesis - тези
camera-ready original - придатний до друку
affiliation - назва організації
formal invitation - офіційне запрошення

2.Read the text and answer the questions which are given below:

1.What specific information was given on the following points:

 Time and place;
 Theme;
 Objective;
 Types of presentation;
 Requirements for thesis (format);
 Deadline for their submission;
 Sponsors.

2.What other information should be given in the First Circular?

First circular

The I Conference on psychology will be held in the V. Dahl East Ukrainian National
University, Severodonetsk, Ukraine, May 25-30, 20….. , under the sponsorship of the Academy
of Science of Ukraine. The primary objective of the conference is to encourage scientists in
various areas of psychology and related branches to present their latest findings and discuss their
ideas.
The scientific program encompasses fundamental problems and specific applications. It will
involve invited lectures, contributed papers, which may be presented in oral or poster form, and
round table discussions. All papers are to be delivered in official languages of the conference
(Ukrainian, Russian, English). All contributing participants are required to submit one printed
copy of thesis of their proposed presentations and CD-copy together with their registration
forms. The dead line for receipt of abstracts is March 15, 20… . The thesis must be prepared as
a camera-ready original, not exceeding two pages. It should be typed clearly with 1.5 spacing
and with 20 mm margins. The page should be headed by the title (centered and in bold capitals).
The author’s name should also be centered below the title, followed by affiliation and name of
the establishment.
 We cordially invite you to participate in the conference and to treat this letter as our formal
invitation. If you are interested in attending, please complete and return the enclosed
Application Form before March 15, 20…

3. Replace the words and phrases in italics with suitable expressions from the text:

 The annual conference on Economic Development of Luhansk region is to take place

under the sponsorship of the Institute of Regional Development.
 The chief aim of this fundamental research is to fill in the gaps in our knowledge of the
nature of financial crises.
 The range of the problems to be discussed will cover some aspects of basic theoretical
and experimental knowledge of this phenomenon.
 The invited papers are to be read at a special session.
 Prospective contributors are required to present their registration forms.
 The closing date for the submission of thesis of proposed presentations is October 10,
20….. .
 The International conference on Environmental Protection is organized under the
auspices of UNESCO.

4. Answer the following questions. Use the phrases: As to …; Frankly speaking…;

1.How often are seminars (conferences, workshops) held at your University?

Use the time expressions: once (twice, three times…) a month (year, quarter); annually,
regularly, seldom, etc.

2.Have you participated in any scientific conference? When? What was its subject?

Use the time expressions: last week, (month, year); two weeks (months, years) ago; on June 9,
2010; etc.

3. Are you planning to take part in any conference (seminar, workshop) in the near
future?

4.When is it to be held?

5. What is its objective?

Use the following phrases:

Time: next week (month, year); in a week (month, year); in March;

Objective: to clear up the problem of …; to discuss the question of…;to obtain better
understanding of the problem of …; to understand the mechanism of…; to consider the
recent developments in the field of …; to report new data on.

5. Translate the example. Write the structure of the document.

EIP — Early Intervention in Psychosis Masterclass

08 Apr 2019 • London, United Kingdom
Organizer:
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN) at King’s College London
Abstract:
People who experience a psychotic illness, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, can and
do recover. However, long-term recovery is dependent on the early detection of psychotic
symptoms and the delivery of timely and effective treatment. This one-day masterclass will
provide an overview of the latest developments in early intervention in psychosis. It is aimed at
both clinicians and researchers with an interest in the prediction, prevention and treatment of the
illness.
Contact:
 Email: events.ioppn@kcl.ac.uk
Topics:
Early Psychosis Early Intervention in Psychosis Psychiatry Psychotic symptoms Schizophrenia
Bipolar disorder Pharmacological Psychosocial NICE guidelines
Event listing ID:
1175759
Related subject(s):
Psychiatry,    Continuing Medical Education (CME)
Event website:
https://estore.kcl.ac.uk/conferences-and-events/academic-faculties/institute-of-psychiatry-
psychology-neuroscience/department-of-psychosis-studies/early-psychosis-latest-developments-
in-prevention-prediction-and-treatment

6. Fill in the gaps with the words given in the box:

accepted; discussions; be held; sectional; be located; to welcome; to submit; be

provided; devoted; information; theme; be organized; contributing;

The symposium _____ between the 5th and 10th of June 20…. .
The _____ of the symposium is to be “Economic Aspects of Nature Protection”.
Those _____ papers are asked _____ thesis to the Program Committee.
All papers _____ for the symposium will be published in the symposium proceedings.
We shall also be very happy _____ those who intend to take part in the _____ which will follow
each paper.
The major part of the program will be _____ to_____ meetings and informal group
discussions.
The headquarters for registration, the _____office and travel office will _____ in the main
building of the Science Centre.
Accommodation will _____in the students’ hostel and city hotels. A bus tour round the city
will_____.

PREPARATION FOR CONFERENCE

APPLICATION FORM

1.Study the following form:

Application form

For participation in the II international scientific and practical conference “Problems and
perspectives of region economical development”
Family name ____________________
Name __________________________
Father’s name ___________________
Organization ____________________
Position ________________________
Scientific degree_________________
Academic rank ___________________
Paper title _______________________
________________________________
I plan to make a report (underline):
□ at the plenary meeting (up to 15 min);
□ at the section meeting (up to 10 min);
□ to participate at the conference without making a report:
□ to publish thesis without making a report.
Required equipment:
□ overhead projector;
□ multimedia complex.
Accommodation:
□ I need an accommodation;
□ I do not need accommodation.
Contact address:
Mail: ____________________________________________________
Tel: ______________________________________________________
E-mail: ___________________________________________________

__________ _____________________
Date Signature

2.Chose the kind of participation and the type of report at the conference:

Key (lead, main, principal) speaker - основной докладчик - основний доповідач

Plenary speaker - докладчик на пленарном заседании - доповідач на пленарному
засіданні
Poster speaker - стендовый докладчик - стендовий доповідач
Poster presenter
Keynote report - основной доклад - основна доповідь
Principal report
Plenary report - пленарный доклад - пленарна доповідь
Brief (summary) report - краткий доклад - кратка доповідь
Poster report - стендовый доклад - стендова доповідь
Review (overview) - обзорный доклад - оглядова доповідь

3.Read and dramatize the dialogue:

Dialogue
Rensky: Hello.
Derby : Dr. Rensky?
Rensky: Speaking.
Derby : Good morning, Dr.Rensky. This is Prof. Derby calling.
Rensky: Good morning Prof. Derby. I am glad you have called. Thank you
for accepting my paper. I received the notification from your
secretary.
Derby : You are welcome, Dr.Rensky. We do appreciate having you as a
conference participant. Dr. Rensky, I have a request to make.
Rensky: Yes, what is it?
Derby : I wonder if you could chair one of the conference sessions. We
would be grateful if you would accept.
Rensky: Thank you very much for the invitation. May I have a day or two
to think it over?
Derby : Yes, of course. I’ll be sure to provide you with the abstracts of the
papers in your session and all other necessary information about
the program.
Rensky: Thank you. I’ll call you back as soon as possible.
Derby : I’ll be expecting for your call then. Goodbye, Dr. Rensky.
Rensky: Goodbye Prof. Derby.

4.Note how Prof. Derby expresses his appreciation of Dr. Rensky’s participation in the
conference. Study other ways of expressing appreciation.

I appreciate your assistance/advice/frankness/criticism.

It’s very kind of you.
You are very helpful.
That’s/was the right thing to say/to do.
You’ve done a good job.
Good for you.
Well done.
That’s a good idea.

5.React to the following statements using expressions of Task 4:

 I’m going to change the notation. It’s confusing and inconsistent.

 I’ll type the text, you need not bother.
 I have managed to do the job. It was not easy.
 What do you think of my classification? I have worked on it for two years.
 I said there was too little time left to spend it on arguing. Was I right?
 Could I help you with proof-reading? You look tired.
 We are late. Let’s take a taxi.
 I believe he should be told; no point in putting it off.
 Let him have the most pay. He worked much more than any of us.

6.React to the following situations using the phrases you have studied:

1. You are preparing a paper for publication and have received useful advise from:
a. your colleague;
b. your supervisor;
2. Respond to the following situations: you friend
a. did something well;
b. said something witty;
c. found a good solution to a problem.
3. In a confusing situation presence of mind was shown by:
a. a man you don’t know well;
b. your friend.
 ABSTRUCT WRITING

Study the examples of abstract format and paper format. Find the differences

1. Abstract
TITLE OF PAPER

Author’s Name(s) (Full Name(s))

University/ Institute

E Mail/ Contact Details

ABSTRACT

An abstract is a single paragraph, without indentation, that summarizes the key points of the manuscript
in 150 to 250 words.

*Please provide 5 key words in alphabetical order separated with semicolons, not included in the title.

2. Paper
Formatting & Paper Length Limit
Follow the instructions mentioned below:

Full paper: within 12 pages, including references, tables/ charts and

Paper length
keywords

Abstract length 200-250 words

Key words 3-5 words

Font 12-point Times New Roman

Paragraph Single-spaced

Normal (Top :2.54 cm , Bottom: 2.54 cm; Left : 3.18cm , Right:

Margin
3.18cm)

Page numbers Bottom-centered

Layout One-column Portrait

Format MS Word-compatible file

YOUR PAPER'S TITLE STARTS HERE: PLEASE CENTER, USE TNR

16 PT., BOLD (IN ENGLISH!!)
Full First Author1, Full Second Author2, * and Full Third Author3 (TRN 14pt.,
 centred)
1
Full affiliation of first author, including country (in English, TRN 11pt. centred)
2
Full affiliation of second author, including country (in English)
3
List all affiliation in the same way (in English)
*Corresponding author

Abstract. Here write the abstract - 200 – 250 words in English! (TNR 12 pt. alignment in block,
spacing 1,0) Abstract should outline the purpose of the article, method of the research, data and
main results.

Keywords: key word, key word, key word (max 5 key words in English)

1. Introduction (TNR 14pt., bold)

The main text1, (TNR 12pt., alignment in block, spacing 1,0)

1.1 Title of the 2nd level (TNR 12pt., bold)

1.1.1 Title of the 3rd level (TNR 12pt., bold)
Tables and figures should be numbered and references to them must be in the text. Acceptable
labeling for a table is Tab.1 and Fig. 1 for a figure. 
Table 1: Table description (TNR 10pt., italics)
Times New Roman 10pt Times New Roman 10pt Times New Roman 10pt
Times New Roman 10pt Times New Roman 10pt Times New Roman 10pt
Times New Roman 10pt Times New Roman 10pt Times New Roman 10pt
Times New Roman 10pt Times New Roman 10pt Times New Roman 10pt
Source: (TNR 10pt., italics)
Equations
Equations (refer with: Eq. 1, Eq. 2,...) should be placed in the middle, denoted by numbers in
round parentheses and transformed by equation conversion manager, do not use Print Screen or
jpg format. For example:
ri  rf  i (rM  rf ), i  1, 2,...., n
(1)

2. Body of paper (TNR 14pt., bold)

The article must be divided into chapters. Introduction and conclusion are obligatory. It is
recommended to adjust body of the paper to the common organization structure of scientific
papers – IMRaD (Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion).

3. Conclusion (TNR 14pt., bold)

Acknowledgment (TNR 12pt. bold)

This paper is an output of the science project…

References (TNR 12pt. bold)

1
References in text should have this form (surname, year), for example:
1 author: (Krugman, 2012)
1 author and the same year of publication: (Hoffman, 2012, A), (Hoffman, 2012, B)
2 authors: (Krugman & Hoffman, 2014)
3 authors: (Hoffman et al., 2012)

References
For each work shown in the list of references must be a reference in the text.  All citations in the
text and all references must meet APA styles (American Psychological Association 6th edition –
more information http://www.apastyle.org/).

(Book style - Author, year. Title (in italics). Publisher, location of publisher.)
[1] Cichocki, A. and Unbehaven, R., (1993). Neural Networks for Optimization and Signal
Processing, 1st ed. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley.
[2] Chen, W. K. (1993). Linear Networks and Systems, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, pp. 123-135.
(Journal - Author, year. Paper title. Journal name (in italics), volume and issue numbers,
inclusive pages.)
[3] Chen, S., Mulgrew, B. and Granta, P. M. (1993). “A clustering technique for digital
communications channel equalization using radial basis function networks,” IEEE Trans. on
Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 570-578.
[4] Hill, R. M. (1997). The single-vendor single-buyer integrated production–inventory model
with a generalized policy, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 97, pp. 493-499.
(Online Sources style)
[5] Vidmar, R. J. (August 1992). On the use of atmospheric plasmas as electromagnetic
reflectors. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. [Online]. 21(3). pp. 876-880. Available:
http://www.halcyon.com/pub/journals/21ps03-vidmar
(Conference paper or contributed volume - Author, year, paper title. Proceedings title (in
italics). City, country, inclusive pages.)
[6] Beck, K. and Ralph, J. (1994). Patterns Generates Architectures. Proceedings of European
Conference of Object-Oriented Programming. Bologna, Italy, pp. 139-149.
2. Learn the following phrases

The results of the theoretical Приводятся результаты

(experimental) study of … теоретического (эксперименталь-
has been resented . ного) исследования …
Наводяться результати теоретичного
(експериментального) дослідження..

It has been shown that… Показано, что …

Показано,що…

A theoretical dependence of … Сформулирована теоретическая

vs … has been formulated. зависимость … от…
Сформульована теоретична
залежність …. від …

Recommendations for … Приведены рекомендации по …

have been presented. Наведені рекомендації щодо…

Conclusions regarding … Сделаны выводы о том, что …

were made. Зроблені висновки щодо …

The role of … in … В данной статье рассматривается

has been discussed. роль …
В наданій статті розглядається
роль …

Subject matter related to … Обсуждаются вопросы, относя-

has been considered. щиеся к …
Обговорюються питання маючі
відношення до …

The factors considered include … Рассмотрено влияние таких

факторов, как …
Розглядається вплив таких
чинників як…

3. Read and translate the following

Example1:

Perfection of transport systems of urban transportations

Development and perfection of urban transportation transport systems has been considered.
Basic directions of research and improvement of industrial vehicle have been highlighted.

Example 2:

Toothed links coupling characteristics estimation

Estimation method of the toothed links coupling at the stage of planning has been developed. A
transmission with evolvent gears, inner gearing and longitudinal modification of teeth has been
analyzed. A mathematical model of the tooth evolvent surface has been created using the
matrices of coordinate transformation.

Example 3:

Improving design and technological reliability of electrical tool manufacturing

The issues of developing technological process of electric tool manufacturing have been
investigated. Combined algorithm to improve design-technological reliability has been
proposed.

Example 4:

On the application of Delcam software in parts machining

Analysis of software products used in machine parts manufacturing has been conducted. The
algorithm of 3D part models creation using Delcam Power Shape software product has been
proposed. The control program for treatment of parts on a NC milling machine has been
developed.
4. Classify the phrases given below into two groups:

 introducing the subject of the study;

 considering the results obtained

1.The mechanism of … has been fully confirmed; 2.Research into … has been done; 3.These
data favor the assumption that …; 4. The parameters of … has been presented; 5.The results
obtained suggest an alternative mechanism of …; 6. Evidence for … was provided; 7. The
values of … were estimated; 8.The components of … are examined ; 9.The validity of … has
been established; 10.The consistency of the assumption of … has been tested; 11.A series of
experiments on … were performed; 12.The idea of … has been further supported; 13.The
function of … has been considered; 14.The phenomenon of … has been discussed.

5. Read the following abstracts. State what grammatical structures are characteristic for
scientific abstracts:

The paper deals with computers. Types of computers and input data have been described.
Special emphasis has been laid on the advantages of the computer use.

New directions in metal processing by explosion has been explained and partially grounded
quantitatively. The preference has been given to physical phenomenon observance on the micro-
and nano-levels for developing tool modified materials.

6. Make up 7-8 sentences using the structures given above in Ex.2 Use the model:

Model: Subject matter related to the influence of cutting temperatures on wear of high-speed
steel tools has been considered.

7.Write an abstract of your paper. Use the phrases:

The subject and the methods used

The mechanism of … was/has been investigated using the method/technique of… .

The structure of … was/has been studied by … .
The phenomenon of … was / has been analyzed … .
The process of … was/has been examined making use of the technique of…
The function of … was/has been analyzed by … .

The results obtained

The relationship between … was/has been established.

The interaction between … was/has been determined.
The parameters of … were/have been calculated.
Some information concerning … was/has been obtained.
The properties of … were /have been evaluated.

It was/has been found that …

It was/has been shown that …
It was/has been postulated that …
It was/has been established that …
It was/has been suggested that …
It was/has been concluded that …

The conclusion was/has been made that …

An assumption was/has been made that …
A suggestion was/has been made that …

The results suggest that …

CORRSPONDENCE FOR CONFERENCE

1. Study the content and composition of a personal invitation to a conference:

Dear Dr. Carry:

On behalf of our Organizing Committee I would like to invite you to the XXV Regional
Conference “Scientists to the Industrial Development of the Region” which will be held in
Severodonetsk under the auspices of the V. Dahl East Ukrainian National University on April
21-26, 201… The topic of this year’s conference is Global Warming. In view of your active
interest in this field, I would like to extend to you an invitation to present a paper on a subject of
choice. If you are interested in attending, please forward the enclosed application form to the
Organizing Committee. An early reply will be appreciated.

Sincerely yours,

Paul Brown
The Head of Organizing Committee

2. Study the letter accepting the invitation.

Dear Dr. Brown:

I will be happy to accept your invitation to participate in the XXV Regional Conference
“Scientists to the Industrial Development of the Region”.
This Conference sounds well planned, and I know it will benefit the people who attend. I am
very interested in the subject of this conference and will be pleased to give an invited paper on
“Modern energy-saving technologies”.
Please send me the final program and specific details as soon as you are able.

Sincerely yours,

T.Carry

3.Write a letter to the Organizing Committee accepting an invitation to participate in a

conference. Use the Phrases:

A. Thank you very much for…

I am very grateful to you for…
I wish to express my …
I am honored by your invitation to participate in the …
I greatly appreciate your invitation to attend …..
B . I am pleased to accept your invitation.
I am very much interested in subject of this conference…
I shall be very pleased to participate…

C. I plan to speak on …
The title of my paper will be …
I would like to give a talk on …
I would be pleased to present a paper on ….

4.Study the letter declining the invitation.

Dear Dr . Brown:

Thank you very much for your invitation to attend the XXV Regional Conference “Scientists to
the Industrial Development of the Region”. The subject of the Conference is very important and
may be very beneficial for those who participates.
Approximately at the same time conference on problems of energy-saving technologies will be
held in Kyiv under the sponsorship of the National Academy of Sciences. Unfortunately my
participation in this conference makes it impossible for me to come to your conference.
I am very sorry, therefore, to have to decline your kind invitation.

Sincerely yours,

T.Carry

5.Write letters taking into account the situations suggested:

a) You have received invitations to attend two conferences simultaneously. One is to be held in
Kiev, the other in London. The Organizing Committee of the second one informs you that
there will be no reimbursement of the air fare to London. Both conferences are of equal
professional interest to you; write to both organizes.
b) You are completing an important work to be submitted by October 1. You have received
an invitation to a symposium planned in Venice on 20-25 September.

PRSENTING A REPORT

1. Read and translate the text.

Some useful advice to a speaker

1. Before you begin writing your paper think about two things: your purpose and your
audience.
2. Regardless of your topic you should take into consideration the audience’s background
and the range of their knowledge in this particular field.
3. Don’t try to cover too wide a field in your talk: one main idea consistently and
methodically developed will ensure the understanding and appreciation of the audience.
Arrange your arguments so as to support this main idea.
4. There are two ways of delivering your speech: talking or reading. If you decided on the
first way, a previously prepared outline or notes on the cards will be good guides during
your presentation. They will help you to keep the order of points and not forget
something important.
 You may also write down your speech word for word but don’t try to learn it by heart.
Instead, practice delivering the information the speech contains in parts. After that, go
over the entire speech until you can speak freely.
5. If you read the text, make the rhythm and pace of your talk closer to those of natural
speech. To keep up contact with the audience don’t forget to look up regularly.
6. Emphasize the most important points, changing the tone and rate of your speech and
making deliberate pauses. This will help to hold the attention of the audience.
7. You ought to remember that your listeners don’t have the opportunity to come back to
what has been already said. They can’t stop at a puzzling idea and think it over. For this
reason, don’t neglect repetition, specifications, internal summaries, etc.
8. If your speech exceeds the time allotted, don’t be tempted to speed up your delivery.
Think over in advance which parts of the text can be left out.
9. You are to talk to the audience as if you were talking to a group of your very good
friends. Make listeners feel that you are talking to each one individually.

2. Read the short introduction to a presentation. Analyze the structure.

Good morning, everyone. It’s nice to see so many of you here today. I hope you can all hear
me OK.
The subject of my presentation today is our marketing plan for the next three years.
Basically, there are three main points I want to talk about. If you look at the first slide, you
can see them listed there. First, I am going to tell you about our new product range aimed at the
teenage market. Secondly, I’ll talk about each of the products and our plans for marketing them.
I’d like to talk briefly about the competition.
Ok, let’s start with the first point, our new product range …

3. Write your own short introduction to a presentation.

4.Complete the presentation introduction with the words from the list:

talk about look at points of view questions

brief finally hear act as go along

Good afternoon and thank you for making the effort to be here with us today. My name is
Rachel Rawlings and I am responsible for public affairs. What I’d like to do today is _________
our recent corporate campaign. This _______ talk will hopefully _______ a springboard for
discussion. I’m going to _______ the corporate campaign from three _______ : firstly, the
customers; secondly, the financial institutions; and _______, the shareholders. If you have any
_______ , just interrupt me as I _______. Your point of view may well be different, and we’d
like to _______ from you.

5.Complete the paragraph with the following words:

in addition second also however whereas first

The purpose of this research was to find out what students aged 14-18 use their mobile phones.
It ______ aimed to find out what kind of phones they use. _____ it asked how many hours they
spend on the phone, and _____ if there is any difference between boys and girls in how they use
their phones.
 We found that girls prefer to use their phones to chat with friends, _____ boys prefer to send
messages. _____ more girls than boys keep in touch with their parents by texting.