Aofh, z'Ns ;hfo

!= Jofh, z'Ns / ;hfo s] df nfU5 <

;dodf s/ bflvnf gu/]df Aofh nfUb5 . ;dodf ljj/0fx? -cfo ljj/0f, ls:tfaGbLsf]
cg'dflgt s/sf] ljj/0f_ bflvnf gu/]df jf sfuhft g/fv]df jf cfos/ P]g jf
lgodsf] s'g} Joj:yfsf] kfngf gu/]df jf em'7f jf e|dk"0f{ ljj/0f bflvnf u/]df tyf s/
;DaGwL s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ hfgfhfg jf nfk/jfxL u/L d2t u/]df z'Ns nfUb5 . To;}
u/L cbfntsf] km};nf cg';f/ s/ bflvnf gug]{, em'7f jf e|dk"0f{ ljj/0f lbg], s/
k|zf;gdf afwf lj/f]w ug]{ jf cg'lrt k|efj kfg]{, s;"/df dltof/ x'g], clVtof/ k|fKt jf
clVtof/ k|fKt gePsf] JolQmn] s;"/ u/]df tyf P]gsf] kfngf gug]{ JolQmnfO{ gub
hl/jfgf jf s}b jf b'a} ;hfo -cj:yf cg';f/_ x'g] Joj:yf cfos/ P]gn] u/]sf] 5 .
@= s'g s'g s/ ;dodf ga'emfPdf Jofh nfUb5 <
bflvnf ug'[{ kg]{ elg cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{non] u/]sf] ;"rgf cg';f/sf] s/ ;dodf
ga'emfPdf, ls:tfaGbL s/, clu|d s/ jf cfo ljj/0f;fy bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/ ;dodf
ga'emfPdf Aofh nfUb5 .
#= Jofhsf] b/ slt 5 <
Aofhsf] b/ jflif{s !%k|ltzt 5 . o;nfO{ ;fdfGo Aofhsf] b/ elgG5 .
$= Jofhsf] lx;fa s'g cfwf/df ul/G5 <
s/ ltg'{kg]{ ldltb]lv s/ bflvnf ug{ afFsL /x]sf] cjlwe/sf] nflu o:tf] ltg{ afFsL s/
/sddf k|To]s dlxgf / dlxgfsf] efudf ;fdfGo Aofh b/n] -!% k|ltzt jflif{ssf b/n]_
Aofh nfUb5 . ls:tfaGbL s/sf] xsdf ;DalGwt ls:tf a'emfpg' kg]{ ldltaf6 cfufdL
cf=a=sf] c;f]h d;fGt;Ddsf] cjlwsf] nflu ltg{ afFsL s/ /sddf ;fdfGo Aofh b/n]
Aofh nfUb5 . cfo ljj/0f;fy bflvnf ug'{kg]{ s/ /sdsf] xsdf ;DalGwt cfo jif{kl5sf]
cflZjg d;fGt kZrft\sf] s/ bflvnf geP;Ddsf] cjlwsf] nflu ltg{ afFsL /sddf Aofh
nfUb5 / ljj/0f bflvnf ug{ Dofb yk kfPsf] eP klg o:tf] yk Dofbsf nflu Aofh 5"6
x'Fb}g . olb s/bftfn] cfosf] sd 3f]if0ff u/L sfof{noaf6 yk s/sf] bfloTj l;h{gf ePsf]
ca:yfdf cfly{s aif{ ;dfKt ePsf] c;f]h d;fGt ;Dd ls:tf sd a'emfPsf] lx;fan] Jofh
nfUb5 eg] sflt{s ! b]lv s/ 9Lnf a'emfPsf] lx;fan] Jofhsf] u0fgf ul/G5 .
%= Jofh / z'Nssf] u0fgf cfkm}n] ug]{ xf] jf s;n] u5{ <
Aofh / z'Nssf] lgwf{/0f cf=/f=lj=n] cyf{t\ ;DalGwt cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no ,s/bftf
;]jf sfof{non] ub{5 / ;f]sf] ;"rgf P]gsf] bkmf !)@ adf]lhd hf/L ul/g] ;"rgfdf ;+zo
jf ;+zf]lwt s/ lgwf{/0f cfb]zsf] ;fy ;+nUg u/L ljefun] - cfGtl/s /fh:j
sfof{non]_ k7fpg ;Sb5 .
^= z'Ns s'g s'g cj:yfdf u0fgf ul/G5 <
 sfuhft g/fv]df jf ljj/0f jf cfo ljj/0f bflvnf gu/]df z'Ns nfUb5 . e'm7f jf
e|dk"0f{ ljj/0f bflvnf u/]df z'Ns nfUb5 . s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ hfgfhfg jf nfk/jfxL
u/L d2t ug]{ jf ;Nnfx lbg] dltof/nfO{ z'Ns nfUb5 . ;fy} oL s'/fx? afx]s cfos/
P]g jf lgodsf] s'g} Joj:yf kfngf gug]{ JolQmnfO{ klg z'Ns nfUb5 .
&= z'Ns u0fgfsf cfwf/x? s] s:tf 5g\ <
 cg'dflgt s/sf] ljj/0f bflvnf gug]{ JolQmnfO{ k|lt ljj/0f @ xhf/
?k}ofF z'Ns nfUb5 .
 k"jf{g'dflgt s/sf] ljj/0f bflvnf gug]{ JolQmnfO{ !)) ?= k|lt dlxgfsf
b/n] z'Ns nfUb5 .
 cGo JolQmn] cfo ljj/0f bflvnf gu/]df ;f] cfo jif{df s'g} /sd s6fO{
kfpg] eP ;f] gs6fO{ -cyf{t\ sf/f]jf/ Receipts /sd_ / s'g} /sd
;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ eP ;f] ;dfjz] u/L x'g] lgwf{/0fof]Uo cfosf] /sdsf]
)=!Ü k|lt jif{sf b/n] x'g] /sd jf ! ;o ?k}ofF k|lt dlxgfsf b/n] x'g]
/sd dWo] h'g a9L x'G5 ;f] /sd z'Ns nfUb5 .
 s'g} /fVg' kg]{ sfuhft g/fv]df sf/f]jf/ /sdsf] )=!Ü k|ltzt jf jflif{s
! xhf/ ?k}ofF dWo] h'g a9L x'G5 ;f] /sd z'Ns nfUb5 .
 To;} u/L hfghfgL jf nfk/jfxL u/]sf] sf/0faf6 em'7f jf e|dk"0f{ ljj/0f
bflvnf ug]{nfO{ 36L x'g uPsf] s/ /sdsf] !)) k|ltzt / e"njz dfq
q'6L x'g uPsf]df 36L s/ bflvnf /sdsf] %) k|ltzt z'Ns nfUb5 .
 dltof/nfO{ sd s/ ltg]{ JolQmn] lt/]sf] sd s/sf] !)) k|ltzt /sd
z'Ns nfUb5 / ;fy} P]g lgodsf cGo Joj:yf pNn+3g ug]{ JolQmnfO{ %
xhf/b]lv @% xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd z'Ns nfUb5 .
 clu|d s/ c;'n ug['{kg]{ s'g} JolQmn] k|To]s dlxgf ;dfKt ePsf] klRRf;
lbg leq ljj/0f bflvnf gu/]df clu|d s/ c;'n ug'{kg]{ /sdsf] jflif{s
!=% k|ltztsf b/n] x'g] z'Ns nfU5 .
* z'Nssf] lgwf{/0f s;/L s;n] ub{5 <
z'Nssf] lgwf{/0f dfly a'Fbf & df pNn]v eP em}+ 36L s/ /sdsf] k|ltztsf b/n] jf
lglZrt ÷tf]lsPsf] /sdsf] b/n] ul/G5 . o;/L z'Ns lgwf{/0f ubf{ :jo+ s/ lgwf{/0f ubf{
s/bftf cfkm}n] / ;+zf]lwt s/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ s/ clws[tn] ub{5 .
(= s'g sfg"gL k|fjwfgx? k'/f gu/]df ;hfo ul/G5 <
s/ bflvnf lgwf{l/t ;do;Dd gug]{ -dgf;La sf/0f lagf_, em'7f jf e|dk"0f{ ljj/0f
hfgfhfgL jf nfk/jfxL;fy k]z ug]{, s/ k|zf;gdf afwf lj/f]w ug]{ jf cg'lrt k|efj
 kfg]{, s;"/ ug{ dltof/ aGg], P]gsf] kfngf gug]{ JolQmnfO{ cbfntsf] cfb]zn] s}b jf
gub hl/jfgf jf b'a} ;hfo x'g ;Sb5 . clVtof/ k|fKt JolQmn] ;/sf/L uf]Kotf e+u
u/]df jf clVtof/ gkfPsf] s'g} JolQmn] s/ jf s/ egL cGo s'g} /sd p7fPdf klg
hl/jfgf / s}b b'a} ;hfo x'g ;Sb5 .
!)= ;hfo / hl/jfgfsf] ;fdgf s–s;n] ug'{ kb{5 <
cfos/ P]g cg';f/sf] -kl/R5]b @# cg';f/sf]_ s;"/ ug]{ hf];'s} JolQm cyf{t\ s/ ltg'{kg]{
jf ljj/0f bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQm, e'm7f ljQLo jf s/ n]vf k|dfl0ft ug]{ jf
unt k/fzd{ lbg] jf e|dk"0f{ ljj/0f tof/ kfg{ ;xof]u ug]{ dltof/ -h:t}M n]vfk/LIfs
jf sfg"gL ;Nnfxsf/_ jf clVtof/ k|fKt jf clVtof/ 9fF6\g] JolQmn] s;"/ u/]df ;hfo /
hl/jfgfsf] -s}b / hl/jfgfsf]_ ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ x'g ;Sb5 .
!!= ;hfo / hl/jfgfaf6 aRg] pkfox? s]–s] x'g ;Qm5g\ <
cfos/ P]g cg';f/sf dfly a'Fbf g++= ( df plNnlvt s;"/x? gug'{ / ;f]sf] dltof/ gx'g'
g} o:tf ;hfo -s}b / hl/jfgf_ af6 aRg] Psdfq pkfo xf] .
!@= Jofh, z'Ns, ;hfo / hl/jfgf jfkt lgwff{/t s/ c;'nL s;/L ul/G5 <
Aofh / z'Nssf xsdf ;+zo jf ;+zf]lwt s/ lgwf{/0fsf ;fy} o:tf] nfUg] Aofh /
z'Nssf] lgwf{/0f klg ;DalGwt cf=/f=sf=tyf s/bftf ;]jf sfof{non] P]gsf] bkmf !)@
cg';f/sf] s/bftfnfO{ lbOg] ;"rgf;fy ;+nUg u/L s/bftfnfO{ a'emfO{G5 / s/ ;+sng
;/x o:tf] Aofh / z'Nssf] c;"nL klg ul/G5 . ;hfo / hl/jfgfsf xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/
jfbL eO{ lhNnf cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ u/L txfFsf] km};nf cg';f/ sfof{Gjog x'G5 .
!#= z'Ns eg]sf] s] xf] < z'Ns / Jofhsf] aLrdf s] km/s 5 <
z'Ns eg]sf] ljj/0f ga'emfpg], e'm7f ljj/0f a'emfpg], e|dk"0f{ jf em'7f ljj/0f agfpg
dltof/ eO{ d2t ug]{ jf cfos/ sfg"g -P]g lgod_ sf] kfngf gug]{ JolQmnfO{ s/
k|zf;gn]÷cf=/f=lj=n] nufpg] Psk|sf/sf] cfly{s b08 xf] . Aofh eg]sf] s/ /sd l9nf
lt/] jfkt c;"n ul/g] cfly{s Ifltk"lt{ (Compensation) jfktsf] /sd xf] cyf{t\ s/
bflvnf gu/L jf l9nf u/L cGoq nufgL ug]{ cj:yfaf6 ;/sf/L /fh:j ;+sngnfO{
k|efljt x'g glbg / To;f] ePdf ;f] sf] Ifltk"lt{ bfjL ug{ nufOg] cfly{s b'?T;fxg
(Economic disincentive) :j?ksf] /sd xf] .
!$= s] Jofh z'Ns b'a} Ps}rf]6L plx JolQmnfO{ nfUg ;Sb5 <
Aofh / z'Ns km/s–km/s k|of]hgsf] nflu nfUg] ePsf]n] Pp6} s/bftfnfO{ Ps}rf]l6 pxL
cfo jif{sf] pxL cfo ljj/0fdf nfUg ;Sb5 . z'Ns sfg"gL kl/kfngf gu/] afkt
nufO{G5 eg] Jofh cfly{s Ifltk"lt{ jfkt nufO{G5 .
!%= z'Ns klg Jofh h:t} tf]lsPsf] b/n] nfUb5 jf of] s/ clws[tsf] thaLhdf e/ kb{5 <
 z'Ns klg Aofh h:t} tf]lsPsf] b/n] nfUb5 / o;df s'g} thaLhL clwsf/ s/
clws[t;+u /x]sf] 5}g . P]gsf] -/ lgodsf]_ Joj:yfsf] kfngf gug]{ -P]gdf :ki6 Aofh jf
z'Ns nfUg] Joj:yfx? afx]s_ JolQmnfO{ eg] ?= % xhf/b]lv ?= @% xhf/;Dd hl/jfgf
;/xsf] z'Ns c6]/Lsf] k|s[lt x]/L nfUg ;Sb5 .
!^= d}n] s/ lkmtf{ l9nf] kfpFbf j9L ePsf] /sd dfq kfpF5' jf Jofh klg kfpF5' ls<
olb tkfO{n] bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/ eGbf a9L bflvnf ePsf] ca:yfdf s/ lkmtf{ bfla ug{
;lsG5 . s/ lkmtf{ l9nf] kfpFbf klg cfkm'n] s/ l9nf] a'emfpFbf ltg]{ Aofh s} b/n] cyf{t\
jflif{s !% k|ltztsf b/n] Aofh yk u/]/ lkmtf{ kfO{G5 . o;sf] bfla rfFxL ePsf] x'g' kb{5 .