Fundamentals of Composite and Smart Materials

(MSE 5309)

Class -1

Osman Ahmed (PhD)

2018

References
1.Smart materials”, Mel Schwartz, CRC press (2008)
2. Composite materials science and Engineering, 2nd Ed., Krishan K.Chawala, Springer
science New York (1998) 1
1. Introduction
What is composite?
 A Composite material is a material system composed of
two or more macro constituents that differ in shape and
chemical composition and which are insoluble in each
other...
other
 Composite materials are engineered materials that remain
separate and distinct while forming a single component.
 One material forms a continuous matrix while the other
provides the reinforcement.
 The two materials must be chemically inert with respect to
each other and no interaction occurs upon heating until
one of the components melts, an exception to this
condition is a small degree of inter-diffusion at the
reinforcement-matrix interface to increase bonding.
 Examples:
 Flesh in your leg reinforced with bones.
 Concrete reinforced with steel.
 Epoxy reinforced with graphite fibers. 2
1. Introduction

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Historical perspectives
 4000 B.C. Fibrous composites were used in Egypt in making
laminated writing materials.
 1700 AD: French Scientist, Reumer talked about potential of
glass fibers.
 1939: Glass fiber manufactured commercially for high
temperature electrical applications
 1950s: Boron and carbon fibers were produced to make ropes.
 1960s: Matrix added to make polymeric matrix composites
 1970s: Cold war forces development of metal matrix composites
for military aircrafts and missile guidance systems
 1990s: High temperature ceramic matrix composites are being
aggressively researched for use in next generation aircraft
engines and power plant turbines

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Terminology/Classification
• Composites: woven
• -- Multiphase material w/significant fibers
proportions of each phase.
• Matrix:
-- The continuous phase
-- Purpose is to: 0.5 mm
- transfer stress to other phases cross
- protect phases from environment section
-- Classification: MMC, CMC, PMC view
metal ceramic polymer
0.5 mm
Reprinted with permission from
D. Hull and T.W. Clyne, An Introduction to
Composite Materials, 2nd ed., Cambridge
University Press, New York, 1996, Fig. 3.6,
p. 47.

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Composite Structural Organization: the design variations

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Composite Survey
Composites

Particle-reinforced Fiber-reinforced Structural

Large- Dispersion- Continuous Discontinuous Laminates Sandwich

particle strengthened (aligned) (short) panels

Aligned Randomly
oriented Adapted from Fig. 16.2,
Callister 7e.

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Advantages of Composites
• Specific Strength and Stiffness
• Tailored Design
• Fatigue Life
• Dimensional Stability
• Corrosion Resistance
• Cost-Effective Fabrication

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